基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像术探讨Eye-TEAS防治儿童近视疗效及作用机制

目的:基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像术(OCTA)探讨眼周经皮穴位电刺激仪(Eye-TEAS)防治儿童近视的疗效和机制。方法:纳入60名近视儿童,记录黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(SFCT)等眼部各参数水平,并对各参数进行相关性分析;采用Eye-TEAS对受试者进行3个月的干预治疗,每天30 min,每周使用不低于5次。检测Eye-TEAS干预前、干预1次后、干预1个月后、干预3个月后受试者等效屈光度(SER)、眼轴长度(AL)、SFCT及黄斑区3 mm×3 mm面积内的脉络膜中大血管密度(CVD)、脉络膜毛细血管密度(CCVD)的变化情况。结果:58名近视儿童完成了干预及随访,在基线数据观察中,SER与SFCT、CCVD均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),AL与SER、SFCT、CVD、CCVD呈显著负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。相较于干预前,干预第1次后、1个月后、3个月后SER、AL均未发生显著变化(P>0.05)。干预第1次后SFCT与基线水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预1个月、3个月后SFCT与基线水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中干预1个月后SER变化和SFCT变化呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。在干预第1次、干预1个月后CVD较基线水平增加(P<0.05),但干预3个月后CVD与基线水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相较于基线数据,干预1个月后和干预3个月后CCVD均显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:近视儿童SFCT、眼底微循环情况与AL、SER具有高度相关性;Eye-TEAS干预后SFCT显著增厚,CVD、CCVD也显著增加,这可能与Eye-TEAS通过影响脉络膜血流的变化减缓近视的进展有关。

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Dry Eyes Syndrome in Glaucomatous Patients on Anti-Glaucoma Eye Drops Followed up at the Garoua Regional Hospital-Northern Cameroon

Background: Dry eye and glaucoma are two common pathologies in the elderly, and are very often associated. This association suggests a link between them and between their treatments. Our purpose for this study is to determine the prevalence of dry eye in our glaucoma patients treated with eye drops and deduce the factors associated with it. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study from October 2022 to September 2023 in the ophthalmology department of Garoua Regional Hospital in glaucoma patients aged over 15 years able to answer the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires and treated with antiglaucoma eye drops for more than 3 months. These patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and a tear film break-up time test. Results: A total of 73 patients (146 eyes) were examined. The average age of the patients was 47.2 ± 16.5 years, with a male predominance of 54.8%. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome in our patients according to the OSDI score was 56.2% (95% CI) (44.8;67.6). The prevalence of dry eye syndrome on clinical examination of the BUT in the right eye was 83.7% (95% CI) (75.1;92.1) and 79.4% (70.2;88.7) in the left eye. The duration of antiglaucoma treatment was the factor associated with dry eye syndrome (p < 0.05) in glaucoma patients in our setting. Conclusion: Dry Eye Syndrome is common in glaucoma patients on drops in our setting. Treatment duration of more than 1 year seems to be associated with dry eyes.

A Study of Pharmacist-Patient Communication: Examining Optimal Distance and Angle Using an Eye-Tracking System

This study focuses on seating arrangement and interpersonal distance as important aspects of nonverbal communication and aims to elucidate the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient through an analysis based on the subjective evaluation of the patient and the objective evaluation of eye movements. Seven female simulated patients and one male and one female pharmacist cooperated as patients and pharmacists, respectively. The medication teaching scenes were set up with three pharmacist placements (face-to-face at 50 cm and 70 cm, 90-degree at 70 cm) and three hospital rooms (0-degree, 45-degree, 90-degree). Pupil diameter, blink rate, saccades, and fixation rate of the patient at each of these locations were measured using a Tobii Pro Glass 2. The patient’s subjective evaluation at each placement was also investigated using the conversation scale, which assesses the optimal distance for conversation. The results for the pharmacy setting revealed that pupils were significantly more mydriatic at the 50 cm point than at the other points. The results for the hospital room setting showed the greatest mydriasis at the 0-degree point. The result of the 50 cm point for the pharmacy setting and the 0-degree point for the hospital room setting was similar to that of the subjective evaluation. When the likelihood of saccades occurrence in the hospital room setting was compared, saccades were found to be most likely to occur when medication instructions were given to patients at the 0-degree point. We believe that using pupil diameter for interpersonal distance, and saccades for angle will enable more accurate determinations of the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient. The results of the present study suggest that the 70 cm face-to-face point in the pharmacy and the 45-degree point in the ward may be suitable for medication instruction.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Diabetic Eye Disease among General Population in Medina City, Saudi Arabia

Background: Diabetic eye disease is known as a group of eye problems that diabetic patients may develop as a complication of diabetes and can lead to blindness. They may include Diabetic retinopathy (DR), Cataracts, and Glaucoma. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) around diabetic eye disease in the general population including patients with DM and non-diabetic people in Medina City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 385 participants via a self-administered online Questionnaire started in January 2023 in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Results: In total, 339 participants with ages ranged from 18 to more than 60 years with a mean age of 26.8 ± 12.6 years old completed the questionnaire. The majority were females (74.6%), singles (67.8%), and had a university level of education (54.6%). Most of the study participants were found to have poor knowledge levels (67%) in comparison to 33% who had an overall good knowledge of diabetic eye diseases. Knowledge level was found to be higher among old-aged participants and those with a family history of DM (P = 0.001, P = 0.049) respectively. Regarding participants’ attitudes and practices, the study showed good attitudes toward eye care practice for diabetics with half of the participants (50%) reporting self-awareness as a reason that made them undergo the first eye screening. Conclusion: Participants in the present study have poor knowledge and awareness level of diabetic eye disease. Furthermore, positive attitudes and perceptions have been revealed by the participants toward the practice of providing eye care for diabetics. .

Pattern of Eye Diseases among Tea Workers

Background: Bangladesh’s tea industry is essential to the country’s economic expansion. Since tea workers in Bangladesh are marginalized within our community, they have limited access to comprehensive eye care services. Productivity and well-being are cornerstones of comprehensive health care strategy. Ocular disorders are influenced by life expectancy, sociodemographic status, and the epidemiological transition. In this context, the state of ocular health and the many eye illnesses remain to be significantly addressed. Purpose: To evaluate the pattern of eye diseases among tea workers in a tea estate of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Halda Valley Tea Estate, Nazirhat, Fatickchari, Chattogram, Bangladesh, under the supervision of the Department of Community Ophthalmology, BSMMU, following ethical clearance and approval by the IRB board of BSMMU. With informed written consent and approval from the authority of the tea estate, a total of 110 tea workers were recruited. Socio-demographic characteristics, ocular findings, and patterns of eye diseases were determined and recorded. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 39.60 ± 11.63 years. The maximum (58.1%) study participants were 31 - 50 years old, female (64.5%), illiterate (82.7%), and tribal (71.8%) indigenes. Eye diseases were found in 94.5% of workers. Presbyopia (28.2%), cataracts (27.3%), and refractive error (26.4%) were the most common. Tea workers with eye diseases were significantly older than those who did not have any eye diseases (40.20 ± 11.57 vs. 29.17 ± 7.31 years, p Conclusion: A significant number of tea workers had eye diseases, of which presbyopia, cataracts, and refractive error were the most common.

Bilateral Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Loss and Recovery with Teprotumumab in Thyroid Eye Disease

Background: Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is known to alter tissues of the orbital cavity, including the optic nerve. However, its effect on measured global Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (gRNFL) is not well elucidated. This case evaluates the effect of teprotumumab on gRNFL in a patient with moderate TED. Observations: A 60-year-old female with controlled ocular hypertension and moderate TED received 8 standard IV teprotumumab infusions. Comprehensive ocular evaluations were performed pre-, during-, and post-treatment. Bilateral gRNFL thickness decreased (10 m OD;12 m OS) at 4 months post-treatment start, persisting at 8 months, but recovered at 20 months. Conclusions and Importance: Teprotumumab treatment in patients with TED led to a transient bilateral decrease in gRNFL thickness, which was restored to baseline levels with no adverse events reported. Monitoring gRNFL changes in teprotumumab-treated patients is crucial as gRNFL thinning indicates retinal ganglion cell damage. Teprotumumabs ability to dampen the IGF-IR inflammatory cascade may have reduced retinal inflammation, leading to recovery.

中医眼健康管理模式在干眼患者中的应用研究

目的:讨论中医特色眼健康管理模式对干眼患者的效果观察。方法:选择2023年6月~2023年10月在我院就诊的80例干眼患者按就诊先后顺序进行随机编号,单号为对照组、双号为观察组。其中对照组采用常规治疗与护理,观察组则进行中医眼健康管理,均进行为期四周的观察,从患者症状、治疗效果、患者满意度等方面进行比较。结果:观察组的症状改善、治疗效果、患者满意度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:中医特色眼健康管理模式从中医整体观念出发,可以有效改善干眼患者症状,提高患者满意度及依从性,增进干眼患者对自身疾病的了解及对自身眼部健康管理的主动性,进而有助于干眼患者疾病的恢复,提高临床治疗效果。

融合VR-眼动的施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征研究

为探究施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征,提升识别绩效水平,融合虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)和眼动追踪技术,开展VR施工场景内的隐患识别试验,收集不同隐患识别经验群体的眼动数据;运用统计学方法,对比分析累计注视时间、注视百分比等眼动指标的差异性,揭示隐患识别经验与注意力资源分配方式的内在联系;基于眼动轨迹匹配法,聚类首次视觉搜索轨迹,结合施工现场空间布局,探究隐患识别经验影响下搜索习惯的差异。结果表明:经验知识水平对隐患识别绩效具备驱动作用,但隐患专业度过低则会弱化经验知识的效果;被试的注意资源大多集中于具有视觉显著性特征的无关要素,仅有小部分分配于隐患,然而,具有较高经验知识水平的被试对隐患信息更加敏感,分配于隐患的注意资源占比更高;相较于新手组同一区域多次重复的搜索习惯,专家组大多采用某一区域的详细搜索再切换到下一区域的方式。

Eye Movement Modeling Examples as a Teaching Tool for Epidural Block

Introduction: Video examples with task demonstrations by experts, with the expert’s eye movements superimposed on the task, are known as “eye movement modeling examples” (EMME). We performed this study to evaluate if there were improvements in the performance of anesthesia novice trainees when executing the epidural technique after an EMME of epidural block procedure. Methods: We developed an eye movement modeling example (EMME) from eye tracking recordings made by experienced anesthesiologists with more than 20 years of experience. Forty-two PGY3 anesthesia trainees who had never previously performed an epidural block were randomized to receive (study group) or not receive (control group) the EMME video before their institutional training. All the trainees were evaluated every 10 epidural blocks until the end of the rotation period, by an independent, blinded observer using the Global Rating Scale for Epidural Anesthesia (GRS). Results: Trainees who received the EMME training exhibited more respect for the patient’s tissues (P Discussion: This is the first study that has used the EMME for a practical, clinical teaching purpose on real patients and that has used it as an aid in teaching epidural anesthesia. We demonstrated that inexperienced trainees who received the EMME training improved their proficiency at epidural blocks as compared to those who had no EMME training beforehand. Given this result, we welcome further studies to investigate the impact and the role of EMME on clinical teaching in the field of anesthesia.

重视眼病前期的流行病学调查

流行病学调查是疾病早预防、早干预以及相关政策制定重要的科学依据。疾病前期(predisease)常指在流行病学调查/筛查中发现的机体非正常状态,但还没有达到疾病的诊断标准,是机体由健康状态向疾病状态进展的过渡阶段,如果不干预就会发展为疾病。如大家熟知的癌症前期(癌前病变)、糖尿病前期以及高血压前期等,也包括近视前期、青光眼前期以及糖尿病前期眼部并发症等眼病前期。疾病前期由于处于疾病尚未出现临床表现或者极早期阶段,通过适当的干预可以阻止甚至逆转疾病的发生而广受重视。然而,目前眼科工作者尚未对开展眼病前期流行病学调查足够重视,对如何开展眼病前期的流行病学调查也不甚了解,本文根据以往开展眼病流行病学调查的经验,就目前患病率高、视觉损伤大的几种常见眼病前期流行病学调查的开展进行论述。

Effect of Cadmium on the Developmental Instability of Anabas testudineus through Evaluation of Fluctuating Asymmetry of Eye Diameter

Biomonitoring using fish has been a popular method of assessing the toxic effects of cadmium concentrations of cadmium in water bodies and has led to bioaccumulation in fish contributing to various morphological alterations. Among the known effects of these alterations is developmental instability via fluctuating asymmetry (FA). The utilization of FA data is a simple yet effective method to evaluate the toxic effects of cadmium on the stability of development. This study used climbing perch (Anabas testudieneus) to assess the FA in the diameter of the eye because of low-level cadmium exposure. The left and right sides of the traits were measured once every four weeks for 16 weeks. The average measurements from both sides of the traits were used to calculate the FA value. Results found that the highest mean FA for the diameter of the eye was obtained in the highest treatment group, 0.015 mg/L. The results also indicate that increasing concentrations of cadmium exposure had a statistically significant effect on the FA of eye diameter. There was also a statistically significant interaction between the duration of exposure and treatment groups in FA of the diameter of the eye. The results from the study indicate that prolonged exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium can cause significant effects on the normal development of eyes in Anabas testudineus. This study can add to the body of research regarding fluctuating asymmetry as a tool to study developmental toxicants and assess other bilateral organs.

食品智能感知技术的发展与前沿探索

智能感知技术是一种利用传感器模拟人类感觉器官捕捉样品各种感官属性信息,再结合智能识别算法信号处理,实现食品等样品品质拟人化综合评价的前沿仿生技术。智能感知技术作为传统感官评价技术的现代化延伸和补充,具有检测速度快,样品无需前处理,操作简便,实时在线分析等技术特性,是深度感知食品感官品质的强有力的工具。本文综述食品领域中几种主要的智能感知技术,如模拟味觉的电子舌技术,模拟嗅觉的电子鼻技术,模拟触觉的质构分析仪和仿生视觉系统的电子眼等。另外,文章还归纳总结了智能感知技术在食品品质评价方面的应用研究进展,展望智能感知技术在静态感官、动态感官和情绪感知表征等方面的技术发展可能性。随着生物学、材料学、计算机科学等交叉学科的快速发展,智能感知技术有望从样品整体感官特性的区分、识别应用,提升至食品嗜好和情绪的检测表征,为食品产业的发展提供新的动力。

基于多尺度卷积和自注意力特征融合的多模态情感识别方法

基于生理信号的情感识别受噪声等因素影响,存在准确率低和跨个体泛化能力弱的问题。对此,提出一种基于脑电(EEG)、心电(ECG)和眼动信号的多模态情感识别方法。首先,对生理信号进行多尺度卷积,获取更高维度的信号特征并减少参数量;其次,在多模态信号特征的融合中使用自注意力机制,以提升关键特征的权重并减少模态之间的特征干扰;最后,使用双向长短期记忆(Bi-LSTM)网络提取融合特征的时序信息并进行分类。实验结果表明,所提方法在效价、唤醒度和效价/唤醒度四分类任务上分别取得90.29%、91.38%和83.53%的识别准确率,相较于脑电单模态和脑电/心电双模态方法,准确率上提升了3.46~7.11和0.92~3.15个百分点。所提方法能够准确识别情感,在个体间的识别稳定性更好。

Self-Medication during Eye Affections among Consultant Patients at Chu-Iota

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), self-medication consists in the fact that an individual resorts to a drug, on his own initiative or that of a loved one, with the aim of treating an ailment or a symptom that he identified himself without having recourse to a health professional. Self-medication involves the use of medicinal products by the consumer to treat self-recognized disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a medication prescribed by a physician for chronic or recurring diseases or symptoms. The aim of this study is to determine the different characteristics of ophthalmic self-medication at the CHU-IOTA. Patients and Method: We conducted a prospective study in patients of any age who resorted to ophthalmological self-medication before the first consultation or during the ophthalmological care of consulting patients at the CHU-IOTA between January 1 and July 31, 2021. Results: Over the period, 521 cases of ophthalmological self-medication were collected out of a total of 24,512 consultations, which corresponds to a frequency of 2.12%. The average age was 37.7 years, [2 months - 78]. The sex ratio was 0.50. Economic factors were the main factor mentioned, 66.79%. Corticosteroids accounted for 45.26% of the pharmacological class with dexamethasone/neomycin eye drops being the most widely used, i.e. 22.94%. The most common complication was corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension on ametropia, i.e. 15.54%. Our patients were 68.13% educated. Among his educated patients 53.35% had no knowledge of the products. Conclusion: Given the harm associated with this practice, awareness and information campaigns aimed at the population, caregivers and pharmacists or pharmacy vendors are necessary in order to reduce the frequency of the practice of self-medication.

继续教育基本理论鸟瞰

在当今教育转型和创新的进程之中,继续教育以其鲜明的灵活性、即时性和可及性,尤为符合现代社会人类终身学习的需要。当下学习者普遍意识到发现和使用知识,比记忆和复述知识更为重要。为应对这一加速变化了的工作和生活环境,继续教育在继承传统教育理论的基础上,陆续出现了一些创新的理论和方法,以求化解加速时代教育学理论和教与学方法的不足。但作为整个教育体系的组成部分的继续教育,仍然必须遵循教育的基本原理和基本规律,基于此,从继续教育涉及的教育学基本理论,以及涵盖教与学原则、教与学理论和教与学方法的教学论角度,给出概述性的整饬。

Scheimpflug Imaging of the Anterior Eye Segment during Standardized Accommodation Stimulation in Patients with Emmetropia, Myopia and Hypermetropia

Understanding of the biomechanics of the accommodative apparatus in the eyes with different refraction is important for solving the problems of theoretical and practical ophthalmology. Purpose: To determine the changes of anterior eye segment dimensions during accommodation response in normal eyes and in patients with myopia, hypermetropia. Methods and Material: 116 eyes (56 patients aged from 18 to 30 years, refraction from -2.0 to + 2.0 D) were examined. All the patients underwent a full ophthalmological examination. The ocular anterior segment was imaged using a rotational Scheimpflug camera Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) under non- and 3.0 D of accommodative demands. The statistical data were represented as the mean value ± standard deviation (M ± SD). The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality distribution. Wilcoxon test was used for comparison. Results: Results showed an increase in the optical density of the crystalline lens, a pupil diameter decrease and changing of the iris profile during accommodation in all patients. An increase in the total corneal aberrations and decrease in the corneal spherical aberration were revealed only in emmetropic eyes. Conclusions: The accommodative response is a multicomponent process. Scheimpflug visualization revealed the differences in the accommodative response in normal and ametropic eyes.

老年白内障患者超声乳化术后并发干眼症的影响因素

目的 探讨老年白内障患者超声乳化术后干眼症发生的影响因素,并建立风险预测模型,为临床制定预防措施提供参考。方法 回顾性选取2020年5月至2023年5月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的102例老年白内障患者为研究对象,依据超声乳化术后3个月是否发生干眼症分为发生组(62例)、未发生组(40例),比较两组临床资料,分析干眼症发生的影响因素。结果 糖尿病、超声乳化时间≥20 min、Emery晶状体核硬度分级、入院时泪液白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平为干眼症发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 糖尿病、超声乳化时间≥20 min、Emery晶状体核硬度分级及入院时泪液IL-1β、IL-8水平为老年白内障患者超声乳化术后干眼症发生的独立危险因素,临床可依据上述因素制定防控措施,以减少干眼症发生。

Comparison of Anticancer Drug Preparation Techniques between Chemotherapy Specialist Pharmacists and Non-Chemotherapy Pharmacists Using Eye-Tracking Techniques

Anticancer drug preparation by pharmacists is a critical task directly related to medical incidents. This study examined the factors influencing medical errors in chemotherapy, that is, errors by specialist pharmacists (CPh) and pharmacists in other departments (NCPh), by measuring their gaze during the preparation of anticancer drugs. The eye-tracking results showed that the gazing time of NCPh was significantly longer than that of CPh for items such as “preparation of a closed-system device” and “preparation of the syringe” and all preparation times (P < 0.05). The NCPh were not assigned to prepare drugs on a regular basis, indicating their lack of familiarity with the process. There was no significant difference in gaze ratio between CPh and NCPh. This outcome was suggested to be a result of the use of an anticancer drug preparation support system. The results for the pupil diameter variation rate showed that NCPh were significantly more mydriatic in the “mixing injections” category than CPh. However, CPh tended to be more mydriatic in the “checking” category. CPh exhibited a smooth workflow and focused on the important items to be checked. This study showed that the differences in procedure flow and concentration points may lead to errors. Furthermore, the results are of interest from the perspective of medical incident prevention. They will be useful in identifying potential human factors, such as where the pharmacist focuses their attention by measuring eye movements.

0~6岁儿童眼保健和视力检查服务现状及对策研究

目的了解0~6岁儿童眼保健和视力检查服务现状,为相关部门提供决策依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,于2019年9—12月从北京市、安徽省、青海省抽取15家区县级妇幼保健院及基层卫生机构进行问卷调查,并采用现场观察及小组访谈的方式了解儿童眼保健服务现状及存在的问题等。结果被调查的区县级妇幼保健机构均配备了开展儿童眼保健服务的基本用房及设备;基层卫生机构均配备了开展儿童眼保健服务的基础设备,但有些设备陈旧破损、闲置未用。被调查机构儿童眼保健人员均不足,区县级妇幼保健院、社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院的儿童眼保健人员分别占卫生技术人员的9.5%、5.5%和2.4%,不同类型卫生机构的儿童眼保健人员占比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.966,P=0.011)。社区卫生服务中心无眼科医生,该岗位由儿保人员兼职。被调查机构儿童眼保健人员接受上级指导及培训的机会普遍较少,年人均1~3次。各地儿童眼保健及视力检查服务覆盖率均在90%以上,但现场观察发现儿童眼保健人员操作技能尚不熟练、不规范。结论各卫生机构均需进一步完善儿童眼保健及视力检查服务设备,提高儿童眼保健人员的知识技能及服务质量。

工业机器人手眼标定综合实验设计

为了提高工业机器人技术课程的多学科交叉应用与集成创新能力培养的教学效果,设计了一种针对眼在手外模式的机械臂手眼标定综合实验。采用机械臂、相机、标定板和Visual Studio软件完成手眼标定工程化实验平台的搭建,利用软件编程将采集到的机械臂末端位姿信息转化为位姿矩阵,获得了标定板图片中圆心位置并求解了手眼矩阵,最后进行标定结果误差分析。通过熟悉设备、编写代码、调试程序、测试验证等步骤,帮助学生理解手眼标定理论知识,增强应用实践和创新能力。