Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in mixed gastric carcinoma

AIM: To investigate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) amplification and protein expression in mixed gastric carcinoma.METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to detect HER2 amplification and protein expression in 277 cases of mixed gastric carcinoma. Protein staining intensity was rate as 1+, 2+, or 3+.RESULTS: Of the 277 cases, 114(41.2%) expressed HER2 protein. HER2 3+ staining was observed in 28/277(10.1%) cases, 2+ in 37/277(13.4%) cases, and 1+ in 49/277(17.7%) cases. A HER2 amplification rate of 17% was detected, of which 25/28(89.3%) were observed in the HER2 3+ staining group, 17/37(45.9%) in 2+, and 5/49(10.2%) in 1+. Of the 47 patients with HER2 amplification who received chemotherapy plus trastuzumab, 22 demonstrated median progression-free and overall survivals of 9.1 mo and 16.7 mo, respectively, which were significantly better than those achieved with chemotherapy alone(5.6 mo and 12.1 mo, respectively) in 19 previously treated patients(P s < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HER2 detection in mixed gastric carcinoma displays high heterogeneity. Relativelyquantitative parameters are needed for assessing the level of HER2 amplification and protein expression.

Correlation of human epidermal growth factor receptor protein expression and colorectal cancer

AIM:To investigate the correlation between human epidermal growth factor receptor(HER-2) protein expression and colorectal cancer(CRC) using a casecontrol study and meta-analysis.METHODS:Tumor tissue specimens from 162 CRC patients were selected for the case group.Fifty cases were randomly selected,and normal CRC tissue at least 10 cm away from the tumor margins of these cases was used to generate the control group.The expression of the HER-2 protein in the 162 CRC tissue samples and the 50 adjacent normal mucosa tissue samples was detected via immunohistochemistry.The experimental data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0software,and R software version 3.1.0 was utilized for further verification.RESULTS:The expression of HER-2 protein in the 162 CRC tissue samples was significantly higher than in the normal tissue specimens.The data showed that the expression of HER-2 in CRC was related to the Dukes' stage,the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis.The HER-2-positive patients had lower 3-and 5-year OS rates than the HER-2-negative patients,but there was no significant difference.However,there was a statistically significant difference in the 3- and5-year disease-free survival(DFS) rates of HER-2-positive and HER-2-negative patients.The results of the meta-analysis showed that the expression of HER-2in CRC patients was statistically significantly increased over that of healthy people.The 3-year DFS rate in HER-2-positive patients was markedly lower than that in HER-2-negative patients.CONCLUSION:Down-regulation of HER-2 expression might be a dependable strategy for CRC therapy.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene amplification in gastric cancer using tissue microarray technology

AIM:To assess human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-status in gastric cancer and matched lymph node metastases by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).METHODS:120 cases of primary gastric carcinomas and 45 matched lymph node metastases from patients with full clinicopathological features were mounted onto multiple-punch and single-punch tissue microarrays,respectively,and examined for HER2 overexpression and gene amplification by IHC and CISH.RESULTS:Twenty-four tumors (20%) expressed HER2 immunohistochemically.An IHC score of ≥ 2+ was observed in 20 tumors (16.6%).HER2 amplification was detected by CISH in 19 tumors (15.8%) and in their matched lymph node metastases.A high concordancerate was found between HER2 positivity (as detected by IHC) and HER2 gene amplification (as detected by CISH),since 19 of the 20 IHC positive cases were amplified (95%).All amplified cases had 2+ or 3+ IHC results.Amplification was associated with intestinal phenotype (P < 0.05).No association with grading,staging or survival was found.CONCLUSION:In gastric cancer,HER2 amplification is the main mechanism for HER2 protein overexpression and is preserved in lymph node metastases.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 protein expression in Chinese metastatic prostate cancer patients correlates with cancer specific survival and increases after exposure to hormonal therapy

Aim： To investigate human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2） protein expression and gene amplification in Chinese metastatic prostate cancer patients and their potential value as prognostic factors. Methods： Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was performed to investigate HER2 protein expression in prostate biopsy specimens from 104 Chinese metastatic prostate cancer patients. After 3-11 months of hormonal therapy, 12 patients underwent transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP）. HER2 protein expression of TURP specimens was compared with that of the original biopsy specimens. Of these, 10 biopsy and 4 TURP specimens with HER2 IHC staining scores ≥ 2＋ were investigated for HER2 gene amplification status by fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH）. Results： Of the 104 prostate biopsy specimens, HER2 protein expression was 0, 1＋, 2＋ and 3＋ in 49 （47.1%）, 45 （43.3%）, 8 （7.7%） and 2 （1.9%） cases, respectively. There was a significant association between HER2 expression and Gleason score （P = 0.026）. HER2 protein expression of prostate cancer tissues increased in 33.3% of patients after hormonal therapy. None of the 14 specimens with HER2 IHC scores 〉 2＋ showed HER2 gene amplification. Patients with HER2 scores 〉 2＋ had a significantly higher chance of dying from prostate cancer than those with HER2 scores of 0 （P = 0.004） and 1＋ （P = 0.034）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that HER2 protein expression intensity was an independent predictor of cancer-related death （P = 0.039）. Conclusion： An HER2 IHC score 〉 2＋ should be defined as HER2 protein overexpression in prostate cancer. Overexpression of HER2 protein in cancer tissue might suggest an increased risk of dying from prostate cancer. HER2 protein expression increases in some individual patients after hormonal therapy.

Upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor 4 in oral leukoplakia

In the present study,we investigate the expression profile of the epidermal growth factor receptor family,which comprises EGFR/ ErbBl,HER2/ErbB2,HER3/ErbB3 and HER4/ErbB4 in oral leukoplakia(LP).The expression of four epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family genes and their ligands were measured in LP tissues from 14 patients and compared with levels in 10 patients with oral lichen planus(OLP) and normal oral mucosa(NOM) from 14 healthy donors by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and immunohistochemistry.Synchronous mRNA coexpression of ErbBl,ErbB2,ErbB3and ErbB4 was detected in LP lesions.Out of the receptors,only ErbB4 mRNA and protein was more highly expressed in LP compared with NOM tissues.These were strongly expressed by epithelial keratinocytes in LP lesions,as shown by immunohistochemistry.Regarding the ligands,the mRNA of Neuregulin2 and 4 were more highly expressed in OLP compared with NOM tissues.Therefore,enhanced ErbB4 on the keratinocytes and synchronous modulation of EGFR family genes may contribute to the pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of LP.

Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 in pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND： Recent studies have shown the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7（EGFL7）in a variety of cancers. However, the relationship between EGFL7 and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer（PC） remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of EGFL7 in the prognosis of PC.METHODS： The expression of EGFL7 in nine PC cell lines was first determined by Western blotting analysis. Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining was performed in paired formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor and non-tumor samples from 83 patients with PC. Finally,correlations between EGFL7 expression and clinicopathological variables as well as overall survival were evaluated.RESULTS： EGFL7 was widely expressed in all PC cell lines tested.EGFL7 expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in non-tumor tissues（P0.040）. In addition, univariate analysis revealed that high EGFL7 expression in tumor tissues was significantly associated with poor overall survival,accompanied by several conventional clinicopathological variables, such as gender, histological grade and lymph node metastasis. In a multivariate Cox regression test, EGFL7 expression was identified as an independent marker for longterm outcome of PC.CONCLUSION： Our data showed that EGFL7 is extensively expressed in PC and that EGFL7 is associated with poor prognosis.

Immunohistochemical study on expression of epidermal growth factor receptor at hepatocyte nuclei in experimental rat liver cirrhosis

ＩｍｍｕｎｏｈｉｓｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｅｐｉｄｅｒｍａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒａｔｈｅｐａｔｏｃｙｔｅｎｕｃｌｅｉｉｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｒａｔｌｉｖｅｒｃｉｒｈｏｓｉｓＹＡＮＪｉｎＰｉｎ...

Comparison of immunohistochemistry with fluorescence in situ hybridization in determining the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status of breast cancer specimens： a multicenter study of 3149 Chinese patients

Background Accurate detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2） expression and gene amplification is crucial for the application of HER2-specific therapy and for evaluating the response of patients with breast cancer.A uniform and standard procedure of immunohistochemistry （IHC） and fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） needs to be established for evaluating the HER2 status in breast cancer tissues for the treatment of patients with real HER2-positive tumors.The present multicenter study was aimed to examine the HER2 status in breast cancer specimens from Chinese patients using both IHC and FISH methods.Methods A multicenter study was performed on the HER2 status in 3 149 breast cancer specimens from different ethnic populations and areas in China by IHC and FISH assays.The potential association of HER2 status with demographic and clinical characteristics was analyzed.Results The positive rates for HER2 over-expression and HER2 amplification were 23.3％ and 27.5％ in this study,respectively.The concordance between IHC and FISH was 71.2％ （K=0.494,P ＜0.001）.Furthermore,72.9％ of specimens with IHC 2＋ were negative to FISH.The discordance rates among laboratories were from 5％ to 28％ for IHC and 1％ to 16％ for FISH.HER2 amplification was associated significantly with advanced tumor stage （Ⅲ or Ⅳ,P=0.002）,large tumor size （＞5 cm,P=0.002）,moderate and poor histological grades （P ＜0.0001）,post-menopause （P ＜0.0001）,ER-PR-（P=0.002）,and having ＞4 lymph nodes affected （P ＜0.0001） in this population.The positive rates of HER2 amplification in specimens from Man and Hui Chinese were significantly higher than that in other Chinese populations.There are slightly higher positive rates of HER2 expression and amplification in Chinese patients with breast cancer.Conclusion These findings may provide new insights into understanding the epidemiological features of HER2 expression and amplification,and may be valuable for clinical practice.

乳腺癌HER2状态、临床病理特征及预后分析

目的探讨乳腺癌患者的HER2状态、临床病理特征及预后之间的关系。方法选取福州大学附属省立医院629例同时做过HER2 IHC及FISH检测的浸润性乳腺癌手术病例,应用2019版乳腺癌HER2检测指南分析HER2状态、临床病理特征及预后。结果IHC结果:0~1+、2+、3+分别占53.10%、22.26%、24.64%;FISH结果:阴性和阳性病例分别占66.77%和33.23%。导管癌、小叶癌及特殊类型肿瘤之间FISH检测结果差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001),而IHC检测结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同性别、发病年龄、肿瘤最大径、组织学分级、淋巴结转移与否两种方法检测结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。针对女性病例,IHC与FISH两种检测方法比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);明确阴性跟阳性病例中,一致性检验,Kappa=0.925,P=0.000;相关性分析,r=0.696,P=0.000。随访病例生存曲线可见赫赛汀治疗组DFS高于非治疗组,IHC阴性FISH阳性病例组有无赫赛汀治疗患者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);一致病例与不一致病例DFS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于2019版乳腺癌HER2检测指南,FISH检测结果与肿瘤类型有关;IHC与FISH检测结果具有很好的一致性,二者结果呈正相关;FISH法的检出率高于IHC法,条件允许时,建议做FISH检测确认;结果不一致时,FISH结果对临床制定治疗决策可能更具指导意义。

多组织包埋在人表皮生长因子受体2免疫组织化学阳性对照制作中的应用

目的探讨多组织包埋在人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)免疫组织化学阳性对照制作中的应用。方法收集2022年8月至2023年8月满足中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院病理科临床诊断后剩余的乳腺癌组织,通过免疫组织化学定位,选取HER2均一表达0、+、++、+++的组织,进行多组织包埋,制作成阳性对照蜡块。结果每张组织化学片中对照组织中均能HER2表达0、+、++、+++。结论多组织包埋可以很好地应用在HER2免疫组织化学阳性对照制作中。

乳腺癌免疫组化HER-2(++)扩增状态的影响因素及其与临床病理特征间的关系研究

目的探究乳腺癌免疫组化HER-2(++)扩增状态的影响因素及其与临床病理的意义。方法选取洛阳市中心医院2021年2月至2023年1月诊治的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者且经免疫组化Envision二步法检测HER-2蛋白表达为(++)的131例患者为研究对象,所有患者均进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测对其HER-2基因扩增情况进行判断,分析FISH检测HER-2结果的影响因素。结果FISH检测131例HER-2蛋白(++)乳腺癌病例中,29例HER-2基因扩增(22.14%),且主要为簇状扩增,占79.31%(23/29),经单因素分析发现HER-2基因扩增与雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)的表达状态相关(P<0.05),而与患者年龄、病理学类型、病理组织学分级、肿瘤直径、有无淋巴结转移、有无脉管浸润、有无神经浸润均无相关性(P>0.05)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,ER-PR-,ER+PR-及ER-PR+均是FISH检测HER-2扩增的独立预测因素(P<0.05)。结论通过检测ER、PR的表达,可有效预测HER-2基因扩增情况,进一步配合FISH检测将提高HER-2检测的准确率。

Correlation of epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression with increased epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） is one of the most frequent malignancies in China and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） is widely distributed in human epithelial cell membrane.The aim of this study was to investigate the protein overexpression and gene copy number of EGFR in ESCC,and help to identify patients who may benefit from EGFR targeted therapies.Methods Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was performed to analyze the expression of EGFR in 105 cases of ESCC,16 cases of squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia,and 11 cases of normal esophageal tissue.Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） was performed to analyze the gene copy number in 80 cases of ESCC,eight cases of squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia,and eight samples of normal esophageal tissue.Results The IHC-positive rates of EGFR in 105 cases of ESCC,16 cases of squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia,and 11 normal esophageal tissues were 97% （102/105）,44% （7/16）,and 18% （2/11） respectively.The difference in the expression of EGFR among different esophageal tissue groups had statistically significance （P 〈0.05）.Among the 105 cases of ESCC,overexpression of EGFR was found in 90 cases （86%）,of which 55 cases scored 3＋ for EGFR staining and 35 cases scored 2＋.In ESCC,the expression of EGFR was significantly correlated with depth of invasion and TNM stage （P〈0.05）,but not with other parameters.The FISH-positive rates of EGFR in 80 cases of ESCC,the eight cases of squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia,and eight samples of normal esophageal tissue were 31.3% （25/80）,0 （0/8） and 0 （0/8） respectively.In ESCC,EGFR gene amplification was found in 17 （21%） cases,high polysomy in 8 （10%） cases,disomy in 34 cases,low trisomy in 17 cases,and high trisomy in four cases.EGFR FISH-positive was significantly correlated with depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis （P 〈0.05）.EGFR FISH-positive was significantly associated with overexpression of EGFR.Conclusion Protein overexpression and/or increased gene copy number of EGFR is common in ESCC,and EGFR targeted therapy may be appropriate for ESCC patients.

Immunohistochemistry panel segregates molecular types of hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazilian autopsy cases

AIM: To assess the distribution of proteins coded by genes reported as relevant for the molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the following clinicopathological data were analyzed in 80 autopsied HCC patients: sex, age, ethnicity, alcohol intake, infection with hepatitis B and/or C virus, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, prior treatment, basic and immediate causes of death, liver weight, presence of cirrhosis, number and size of nodules, gross pattern, histological grade and variants, architectural pattern, invasion of large veins, and presence and location of extrahepatic metastases. The protein products of genes known to be involved in molecular pathogenesis of HCC, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MET, keratin 19 (K19), vimentin, beta-catenin, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signaling-related kinase (ERK)1, ERK2, Ki67, cyclin D1, caspase 3 and p53, were detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. The expression levels were scored and statistically assessed for correlation with HCC parameters.RESULTS: Infection with hepatitis C virus was identified in 49% of the 80 autopsy patients, cirrhosis in 90%, advanced tumors in 95%, and extrahepatic metastases in 38%. Expression of K19, p53 and ERK1 correlated to high-grade lesions. Expression of ERK1, nuclear beta-catenin, cyclin D1 and ERK2 correlated to higher rates of cell proliferation as determined by Ki67. Expression of MET, EGFR (&#x0003e; 0) and caspase 3 correlated with lower histological grades. Expression of EGFR correlated to that of caspase 3, and overexpression of EGFR (&#x02265; 200/300) was observed in low-grade tumors more frequently (grades 1 and 2: 67% vs grade 3: 27% and grade 4: 30%). Expression of ERK1 was associated with that of K19 and vimentin, whereas expression of ERK2 was associated with that of cyclin D1, MET and membrane beta-catenin. Expression of vimentin was strongly correlated with that of K19.CONCLUSION: Expression of K19, p53, ERK1, ERK2, vimentin and nuclear beta-catenin was related to higher-grade markers, as opposed to expression/overexpression of EGFR, MET and caspase 3.

乳腺癌原发灶和腋窝转移淋巴结中雌激素受体、孕激素受体、人表皮生长因子受体2及Ki-67表达情况的比较

目的比较乳腺癌原发灶和腋窝转移淋巴结中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)和Ki-67表达情况。方法收集50例乳腺癌患者的乳腺癌原发灶组织和腋窝转移淋巴结组织,采用免疫组化染色法检测ER、PR、HER2和Ki-67表达情况。比较乳腺癌原发灶和腋窝转移淋巴结中ER、PR、HER2和Ki-67表达情况。结果乳腺癌原发灶和腋窝转移淋巴结中ER、PR、HER2阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。乳腺癌原发灶中Ki-67高表达率为70%,高于腋窝转移淋巴结的60%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。在乳腺癌原发灶和腋窝转移淋巴结中,ER、PR、HER2和Ki-67表达不一致率分别为8%(4/50)、12%(6/50)、6%(3/50)和30%(15/50)。结论乳腺癌原发灶与腋窝转移淋巴结中ER、PR和HER2表达均具有高度一致性,术后病理标本检测原发灶中ER、PR和HER2的表达可为乳腺癌的治疗和预后评估提供依据,但乳腺癌原发灶和腋窝转移淋巴结中Ki-67需同时检测。

人表皮生长因子受体2在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)在结直肠癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法选取2019年4月至2022年1月徐州市肿瘤医院病理科100例结直肠癌标本设为结直肠癌组,将其中距肿瘤5 cm以上的60例正常肠黏膜设为正常肠黏膜组,另选取同期的60例结直肠腺瘤标本设为结直肠腺瘤组。三组均采用免疫组织化学(IHC)方法和荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术检测。分析HER-2在三组中的表达情况,比较三组HER-2(2+)基因扩增结果、三组HER-2的表达、结直肠癌不同临床病理特征的HER-2表达。结果结直肠癌组中,HER-2(3+)15例,HER-2(2+)45例,HER-2(0)或(1+)40例。结直肠腺瘤组中,HER-2(3+)7例,HER-2(2+)22例,HER-2(0)或(1+)31例。正常肠黏膜组中HER-2(2+)7例,HER-2(0)或(1+)53例。三组的HER-2(2+)基因扩增结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结直肠癌组、结直肠腺瘤组的HER-2阳性表达均显著高于正常黏膜组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);结直肠癌组与结直肠腺瘤组的HER-2阳性表达比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、TNM分期的HER-2阳性表达比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);“高+中分化”的HER-2阳性表达低于“低分化”,“Tis+T1+T2”浸润深度的HER-2阳性表达低于“T3+T4”浸润深度,有淋巴结转移的HER-2阳性表达高于无淋巴结转移,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HER-2在结直肠癌和腺瘤中均存在高表达,与癌组织的分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移有密切关系。

p-AKT与HER-2在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)与人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)蛋白在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及意义。方法用免疫组化(IHC)和荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测80例膀胱尿路上皮癌、10例尿路上皮乳头状瘤和10例膀胱黏膜慢性炎症组织中p-AKT和HER-2蛋白的表达情况。结果p-AKT与HER-2蛋白在膀胱尿路上皮癌的阳性率均显著高于尿路上皮乳头状瘤及膀胱黏膜慢性炎症组织(P<0.05)。p-AKT与HER-2蛋白在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达程度随着组织学分级的增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。膀胱尿路上皮癌中p-AKT和HER-2蛋白之间的表达呈显著正相关(r=0.33,P<0.05)。结论p-AKT与HER-2蛋白随着膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤组织学分级增加而表达升高,两者可能参与了膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生和发展;p-AKT和HER-2蛋白在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达存在正相关。

HER-2在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:分析人类表皮生长因子受体-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2)在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:收集手术切除的96例胃腺癌标本,进行病理组织学检查,采用免疫组化法检测胃癌组织中HER-2蛋白的表达。分析HER-2阳性表达与患者临床病理特征的关系,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,分析HER-2表达与患者总生存期的关系。结果:HER-2蛋白阳性48例,其中(1+)20例,(2+)20例,(3+)8例。HER-2阳性表达与不同病变部位、有无远处转移有关(P<0.05),而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、病理类型、分化程度、有无复发、淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05)。HER-2阳性患者总生存率低于阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HER-2蛋白表达与胃癌病变部位及远处转移相关,HER-2阳性患者总生存期较短。

2型糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者血清皮质醇、肌生成抑制素、SCUBE-1水平变化及临床意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)并发糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血清皮质醇、肌生成抑制素(Mstn)、信号肽-补体蛋白C1r/C1s、Uegf和Bmp1-表皮生长因子结构域包含蛋白1(SCUBE-1)的水平变化,并分析其与增生型DR的关系。方法将2018年3月至2021年12月北京中医医院怀柔医院眼科收治的T2DM并发DR患者365例纳入研究,根据有无新生血管分为增生型DR组(62例)和非增生型DR组(303例)。将同期北京中医医院怀柔医院内分泌科收治的单纯T2DM患者51例纳入研究作为T2DM组。另外,选取同期于北京中医医院怀柔医院体检健康者51例作为健康对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清皮质醇、Mstn和SCUBE-1水平,同时收集纳入研究者基线资料,采用Pearson相关分析血清皮质醇、Mstn、SCUBE-1与基线资料中各指标的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清皮质醇、Mstn、SCUBE-1对增生型DR的诊断价值。结果血清皮质醇、Mstn、SCUBE-1水平的组间比较显示,增生型DR组均高于非增生型DR组,非增生型DR组均高于T2DM组,T2DM组均高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,增生型DR组体重指数(BMI)、空腹糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血清葡萄糖(FSG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、血尿素(Urea)、血肌酐(Cr)、尿清蛋白排泄率(UAER)高于非增生型DR组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,T2DM并发DR患者血清皮质醇、Mstn、SCUBE-1水平与BMI、糖尿病病程、HbA1c、FSG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、Urea、Cr、UAER均呈正相关(P<0.05)。血清皮质醇、Mstn、SCUBE-1、两两联合(皮质醇+Mstn、皮质醇+SCUBE-1、Mstn+SCUBE-1)及3项指标联合检测诊断增生型DR的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.695、0.747、0.742、0.768、0.758、0.771、0.838,3项联合应用的诊断效能较高。结论T2DM并发DR患者血清皮质醇、Mstn、SCUBE-1水平异常升高,与增生型DR有关,3项指标联合检测对增生型DR具有较高的诊断价值。

乳腺癌HER2低表达的研究现状及药物治疗进展

随着对于抗人表皮生长因子2(HER2)药物的研究越来越深入,也使新型抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)治疗HER2低表达乳腺癌成为研究热点。HER2低表达不仅可以从抗HER2治疗中获益,其生物学亚型及临床病理学特征也与其他HER2分型表现出明显差异,但对于预后的探讨仍具有争议。新型ADC药物具有靶向选择性,并与化疗的细胞毒性相结合,通过旁观者效应对肿瘤细胞周围散在的HER2低表达细胞进行杀伤。目前有多项研究正在探索多种ADC药物对于乳腺癌HER2低表达的疗效,为乳腺癌HER2低表达患者开辟新的治疗道路。该文对HER2低表达的临床研究现状和ADC药物治疗进展进行概述。

Level of Adherence to Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping among Women with Breast Cancer Attending Tertiary Health Facilities

Background: Breast cancer is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease with multiple subtypes. The classification of these subtypes has evolved over the years. The most common and widely accepted classification of breast cancer is from an immunohistochemical perspective, based on the expression of the following hormone receptors: Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor (HER2). Accordingly, the following four subtypes of breast cancer are widely recognized—Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 Enriched and Triple Negative. Breast cancer management approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted hormone therapy necessitated by molecular subtyping. Aims: This study aimed to determine the level of adherence to breast cancer molecular subtyping among women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State. Methodology: Immunohistochemistry reports of women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State were retrieved from patient’s case files. Tissue blocks were also retrieved from tissue block archives of both hospitals for women who did not take up immunohistochemistry services after their initial diagnosis and also those whose immunohistochemistry reports were not found in their case files. Results: Among the 121 women that participated in the study, there were in all 74 (61.2%) had molecular subtyping of their tumour blocks. Up to 45 (37.2%) did not go for molecular subtyping of their tumour blocks while 2 (1.7%) were not sure whether they had or not. Conclusion: It, therefore, depicts that the rate of uptake was found as 61.2% among the participants and there is a need to create more awareness of the importance of molecular subtyping, which necessitates the use of targeted hormone therapy.