Female Warriors in the MCU and Wuxia Films:A Comparative Study

This essay offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of female warriors in the Marvel Cinematic Universe(MCU)and Wuxia films.Both genres portray powerful and empowered female characters who defy societal expectations and embody resilience,effectively challenging gender norms and promoting female empowerment.However,despite their strength,many of these women warriors face certain narrative factors,such as the male gaze and a predetermined fate,which can restrict their agency and curtail their full potential.And it is within the realm of Wuxia films that the captivating element of cross-dressing among female warriors emerges,providing a nuanced exploration of identity and the constraints imposed by society.

A meta-analysis based on case-control studies shows the similar prognosis between male and female patients with breast cancer

Objective： Male breast cancer （MBC） is a rare disease, and studies to compare the prognosis between the MBC and female breast cancer （FBC） available now were case-control studies and population-based studies, however, with controversial outcomes. To further investigate whether sex affects the prognosis of breast cancer, we performed a meta-analysis based on all the peered papers. Methods： The PubMed database was screened. Subsequently, the hazard ratios （HRs） for overall survival （OS） and disease special survival （DSS）, were pooled using the Review Manager 5.0 package. Results： This study comprised of 254 MBC and 733 FBC patients enrolled in six case-control studies. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity among the trials for either outcome variable. The pooled HR showed that there was no significant difference in 5-year or 10-year DSS （HR： 1.25, 95% CI： 0.76-2.08; HR： 1.04, 95% CI： 0.68-1.5g） and 5-year or 10-year OS （HR： 0.76, 95% CI： 0.51-1.14; HR： 0.74, 95% CI： 0.54-1.02） between MBCs and FBCs. Conclusion： MBC and FBC with similar prognosis are found in this meta-analysis based on only case-control studies which matched main potential prognostic factors such as age, clinical stage, and time at diagnosis.

Differences Between Male andFemale Sex in Speech Behaviour

This paper describes male-female differences in speech behavior from the following aspects: their different attitudes towards public speaking and private speaking; their different attitudes towards public details and private details; their different purposes towards troubles; their different attitudes towards asking information. Then this paper presents explanations for male-female differences in speech behavior from social point of view and anthropological point of view.

Genetic Analysis of the First Female Flower Node and the First Male Flower Node in Bitter Gourd

Exploring genetic mechanism of the first female flower node and the first male flower node in bitter gourd has practical significance for formulating breeding strategy. In this article, a cross was made between CN19-1 and Thai4-6, and the F2segregation population was also constructed through F1selfing. The genetic characteristics of the first female flower node and the first male flower node were analyzed by adopting the major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model. The data analysis results showed that the first female flower node and the first male flower node were continuous distribution in the F2segregation population. E-2 model was the most suitable model for the genetic analysis of the first female flower node and the first male flower node. The additive effect values of the 2 pairs of major genes controlling the first female flower node were 2.722 and 1.862 8 respectively, the dominant effect values were-2.721 6 and-0.171 8, respectively. The additive effect value of polygene was-0.839 2, and the dominant effect value of polygene was 2.225 4. The heritability of major genes and polygene were 83.73% and 1.54%, respectively. The additive effect values of the 2 pairs of major genes controlling the first male flower node were 17.746 9 and 3.972, respectively, the dominant effect values were 5.191 6 and-3.972, respectively. The additive effect value of polygene was-20.530 5, and the dominant effect value was-4.141 4. The heritability of major genes and polygene was 92.34% and 4.7%, respectively. This study could provide a theoretical basis for bitter gourd breeding.

The Female Characters in Heart of Darkness and Victory

The female characters in Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Victory on one hand seem to be either too idealistic or rather uncivilized and insignificant.On the other hand,they have indispensable functions:they prepare the precondition for the plot,they can reverse the gender stereotype,and they help the inner growth of male protagonists.Even so,the focus of Joseph Conrad is still a patriarchal society where women are motivated by men.

On Female Awareness through the Analysis of Jane Eyre's Character

In Jane Eyre,the author described a heroine Jane Eyre who showed her rebelliousness to the indifferent and unequal society in that time and revealed the tragedy life of common people under the Capitalism especially of the women and children.Meanwhile,this work also provided such an important subject that the women should enjoy the equal position both in family and social life.Therefore Jane Eyre became the typical figure with female awareness.

Preliminary Study on Water Physiological Characters of Male and Female Ginkgo biloba L.

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the difference of water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. for discussing the strategy of water utilization as well as the important role of this difference during evolution process. [Method] The stem sap flow, stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were comparatively studied. [Result] The day-night processes of flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar. The flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. in day were almost same while the flow at night on male Ginkgo biloba L. was bigger than that on female Ginkgo biloba L. The Tr and Gs of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were high in morning and at night but low at noon ,while Tr and Gs of female Ginkgo biloba L. in morning and at night were higher than these of male Ginkgo biloba L. at the same time point. However, these indexes of female plant were lower than these of male plant from 11:00 to 14:00. WUE changing trends of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar, while average water utilization rate of female Ginkgo biloba L. was slightly lower than that of male Ginkgo biloba L. [Conclusion] Compared with other companion plants, water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. had strong homoplasy. The phenomenon might be a survival strategy of dioecious plants under long term evolutionary pressure.

A Study of the Gendered Identity of Female Migrants in Contemporary China

As a new group in the process of socio-economic transformation, female members of the Chinese floating population have negative self-identities rooted in the traditional gender discrimination in China society. This impacts negatively on female migrants1 both physiologically and psychologically, disadvantaging them in the pursuit of resources, opportunities and rights. It is therefore necessary to positively influence the self-image of female migrants so as to ensure their rights, further their interests and ultimately to achieve gender equality.

Female choice impacts resident male takeover in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)

In primate species with social systems consisting of one-male breeding units （OMUs）, resident male takeover represents a major challenge to individual reproductive success and mating strategies. The golden snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus roxellana） is characterized by large multilevel societies （MLS） comprised of several OMUs and all-male units （AMUs）; however, the factors and mechanisms associated with resident male takeover, which offer important insight into primate reproduction and social strategies, are still poorly understood. Based on 5-year monitoring data from a free-ranging herd of golden monkeys from the Qinling Mountains in China, we categorized three phases of an OMU, that is, a rising phase, developing phase, and declining phase. The rising and declining phases were unstable periods in which male takeover in an OMU might occur. Factors causing takeover, such as leader male rank, fighting ability, reproduction rate, and affiliation （proximity, allogrooming）, were analyzed for males and females and for different OMUs. Results indicated that the new resident male＇s fighting ability was lower than that of the former resident male in 23 cases. After replacement, the rank order of the new resident male significantly declined. Females involved in a takeover increased their distance from the resident male and decreased mating frequency during the three months prior to takeover. Females with infants under one-year-old had a marked effect on the specific time of takeover occurrence. These results suggested that female choice was the main factor deciding whether a takeover attempt was successful. Furthermore, rather than male conflict, females more often initiated and affected takeover and outcome, implying that the social status and competitive ability of the males played lesser roles during takeover.

The Awakening of Female Consciousness:Analysis of Jane Eyre' s Character

Jane Eyre is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte,who was a famous British woman novelist.In Jane Eyre,the author describes a heroine Jane Eyre who shows her rebelliousness to the indifferent and unequal society in her time and revealed the tragic life of common people,especially of women and children,under Capitalism.Meanwhile,this novel also provides such an important theme that women should enjoy an equal position with men both in family and social life.The heroine Jane is neither beautiful,nor rich,but her rebellion,independence and her pursuit of love strike us deeply.Jane Eyre sets a good example for women.Therefore,Jane Eyre becomes the typical figure with female consciousness.This paper is to analyze the typical character in Jane Eyre from the different periods of her life and conclude that Jane comes to self consciousness in this process.From the analysis of Jane's splendid character,we can see the awakening of female consciousness in that period of time.

Racial differences in the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer:a study of differences between American and Chinese patients

AIM: To compare the racial differences of anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the association of age, gender and time with anatomical distribution between patients from America (white) and China (oriental).METHODS: Data was collected from 690 consecutive patients in Cleveland Clinic Florida, U.S.A. and 870consecutive patients in Nan Fang Hospital affiliated to the First Military Medical University, China over the past 11years from 1990 to 2000. All patients had colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by histology and underwent surgery.RESULTS: The anatomical subsite distribution of tumor,age and gender were significantly different between white and oriental patients. Lesions in the proximal colon (P＜0.001) were found in 36.3 % of white vs 26.0 % of oriental patients and cancers located in the distal colon and rectum in 63.7 % of white and 74 % of oriental patients (P＜0.001). There was a trend towards the redistribution from distal colon and rectum to proximal colon in white males over time, especially in older patients (＞80 years).No significant change of anatomical distribution occurred in white women and Oriental patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.0 years in white patients and 48.3 years in Oriental patients (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: This is the first study comparing the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancers in whites and Chinese patients. White Americans have a higher risk of proximal CRC and this risk increased with time. The proportion of white males with CRC also increased with time.Chinese patients were more likely to have distal CRC and developed the disease at a significantly earlier age than white patients. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the disease process of colorectal cancer in these two races.

Relationship between lymphocyte apoptosis and endotoxin translocation after thermal injury in rats

AIM: To investigate the relationship between lymphocyte apoptosis in peripheral blood, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN) and endotoxin translocation after thermal injury in rats. METHODS: In a Wistar rat model inflicted with 30% TBSA III degree scalding, serum LPS levels in portal vein and vena cava were quantified by tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) technique. The analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte was employed in in situ Cell Death Detection Kit and evaluated by flow cytometry. Apoptotic lymphocytes in paraffin-embedded spleen and MLN sections were examined by histologic analysis, in situ deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and peroxidase (POD) staining. The images were taken by Cooldccd camera system, and the count and optical density value (transmission light) of apoptotic lymphocytes were analyzed with software Spot and Imagine proplus 4.10a(IPP4.10a). RESULTS: In the period of 3 to 48 postburn hours (PBHs) serum LPS level (x10(3) EU.L(-1)) in portal vein (2.11+/-0.02, 5.66+/-0.20, 3.70+/-0.22, 2.56+/-0.28, 0.90+/-0.11) was higher than that in vena cava (0.63+/-0.01, 1.53+/-0.18, 0.83+/-0.32, 0.52+/-0.12, 0.23+/-0.02, P【0.01), but both increased sharply in postburn rats (P【0.01) and reached a peak at 6 PBH. Analysis of apoptotic lymphocytes showed that the proportion (%) of postburn apoptotic cells was much higher than that in healthy rats (8.34+/-1.53, 8.13+/-1.81, 20.77+/-3.94, 23.90+/-3.92, 11.23+/-1.35 and 13.26+/-2.09 at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 PBH, respectively, vs 3.99+/-1.72, P【0.01), especially after 6 PBH. The concentrations of lymphocytic apoptosis at 12 and 24 PBH were markedly higher than that at other time points. Meantime, few apoptotic lymphocytes were found in normal MLN, but increased postburn obviously (3+/-1 vs 546+/-83, 285+/-39, 149+/-30, 58+/-10, 36+/-11 and 33+/-9 in turn, P【0.01), especially at 3 PBH, whereas apoptotic lymphocytes were concentrated in splenic cortex before the burn and decreased obviously during 72 PBHs (499+/-186 vs 12+/-8, 19+/-15, 12+/-7, 100+/-15, 123+/-25 and 226+/-26 in turn, P【0.01) though a slight rise was found in the medulla after 24 PBH. Optical density of apoptotic lymphocytes was significantly reduced in spleen in the 24 PBHs and raised in MLN during 48 PBHs than that prior to the burn, respectively. CONCLUSION: Gut-origin LPS is a major cause of endotoxemia taken place early in rats following severe thermal injury and could induce extensive lymphocyte apoptosis in blood and MLN, which suggests an immunosuppression state could follow the initial injury and favores a septic state based on apoptotic mechanism.

Gender and managerial competence:a comparison of male and female first-line nurse managers in Indonesia

Objective:First-line nurse managers are more likely to work according to gender beliefs and stereotypes,which may affect their managerial competence.This study is aimed at comparing managerial competence of male and female first-line nurse managers in public hospitals in Indonesia.Methods:This study employed a descriptive comparative approach with a cross-sectional survey with a total of 256 participants selected from 18 public hospitals.To measure managerial competence,the managerial competence scale for Indonesian first-line nurse managers was used.Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses using mean,standard deviation,and Independent t-test.Results:Managerial competence of male and female first-line nurse managers was not significantly different(P=0.555).Female nurse managers descriptively reported/received higher ranking in facilitating spiritual nursing care,managing self,staffing and professional development,utilizing informatics,and applying quality care improvement.Male nurse managers repor ted higher in leadership and financial management.Conclusions:Female and male first-line nurse managers should be treated equally for leadership and managerial development.

Brain activation patterns associated with sexual orientation in homosexual male and female: a case study with 3.0T fMRI

This study was performed to clarify the sexual orien-tation in a 19-year-old homosexual male and a 20-year-old homosexual female by using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with viewing male and female erotic nude pictures. The sex hor-mone levels of the homosexual male and female were in the normal range of healthy heterosexual males and females, respectively. In both homosexuals more significant brain activities were observed while view-ing the nude pictures of the same genetic sex than those of the opposite sex in the frontal cortex, parietal cortex, occipital cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala, midbrain, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, globus pallidus, and putamen, which are known to be re-sponsive to sexual arousal. The homosexual male and female showed a tendency toward higher sexual arousal to the same genetic sex as comparison with the opposite sex. This finding may be useful to un-derstand the different neural mechanisms on sexual arousal in homosexuals.

Effects of Different Row Ratios of Male and Female Parents and Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Wheat Seed Production and Its Component Factors

In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

Hourly Wage and the Likelihood of Stealing an Item

Researchers have extensively explored the impact of wages on individuals’ decisions to engage in property crimes. While most of these studies in the past have relied on macro-level data to investigate the relationship between crime rates and hourly wages, this paper takes a novel approach by utilizing micro-level data to examine the influence of hourly wages on the likelihood of stealing an item valued at least $50. The results obtained from the estimations reveal that an increase in hourly wage leads to a decrease in the probability of theft, all other factors being held constant. Further estimation by gender revealed that hourly wages given to both male and female have no bearing on the decision to steal. Additionally, the analysis of the differences in theft probabilities across gender and race demonstrates that males consistently exhibit a higher likelihood of engaging in theft when compared to females across various racial groups.

Gender Discrimination and Female Human Rights Protection in China's Labor Market

As an important part of women’s human rights system, women’s labor right for the women as a group is of very important value and profound significance. The existence of gender discrimination in the labor market caused double losses of benefits and economic efficiency and the interaction with human capital investments. It seriously hinders the women’s equal enjoyment of labor rights, affects the rational use of female talent resources and leads to the idle and waste of human resources in society. Based on analyzing the harm caused by gender discrimination in the labor market from an economic point of view, this paper reveals the existing problems of China’s existing laws and regulations. In the end, some advisable recommendations are suggested to improve the women’s equal employment rights for China.

Mast cells and multiple sclerosis in females and males

Mast cells were observed in autopsies from 11 females and 8 males. We confirm earlier observations that mast cells are more frequent in close vicinity to MS-plaques. In these plaque-border zone areas, defined as the area within 1 mm distance of the actual plaques, the average number of mast cells was 2.34/mm2 in males and 4.77/mm2 in females, which in average is appr. 10 times more than earlier observed in MS. The difference in number of mast cells between females and males is significant (p < 0.005) and is of interest since females are more inclined to developing MS than males. Mast cells were rare in areas without visible plaques. The mast cells were preferably located close to capillaries and venules. A mechanism for the probable role of mast cells, based on diet-factors and mast cell mediators in the pathogenesis of MS is discussed.

Cytological Analyses on Development of Male and Female Gametophytes in an Interspecific Hybrid F_1 from Cucumis hystrix Chakr. × Cucumis sativus L.

An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. （NC4406） was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for further understanding of the phylogenic relationship and the mechanism of fertility or sterility in the interspecific hybrid F1 The development of male and female gametophytes was studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation technique, respectively. Meanwhile, the fertility level was assessed through hybrid F1 backcrossing to cultivated cucumber 4406. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells （PMCs） of hybrid F1 at metaphase Ⅰ , e.g., univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadravalents, etc. At anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges were frequently observed as well, which led to the formation of polyads and only a partial number of microspores could develop into fertile pollen grains （about 23.3%）. Observations of the paraffin sections showed numerous degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the development of female gametophytes, and only 40% of the female gametophytes could develop into normal eight-nuclear megaspore. On an average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross. The interspecific hybrid F1 of C. hystrix x NC4406 was partially fertile; however, the meiotic behaviors of hybrid F1 showed a high level of intergenomic recombination between C. hystrix and C. sativus chromosomes, which indicated that it plays an important role for introgression of useful traits from C. hystrix into C. sativus.