Evaluation of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in a conductive hearing loss model

Objective: To investigate the effects of conductive hearing loss(CHL) on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) using a simulated CHL model, and to provide the basis for future studies.Methods: Twenty-one healthy subjects were recruited in this study. We measured ocular VEMPs(o VEMPs) and cervical VEMPs(c VEMPs) in these subjects by air-conduction sound(ACS) stimulation. CHL was simulated later by blocking the right external auditory canal with a soundproof earplug to evaluate its impacts on VEMPs. Subjects' responses before simulated CHL served as the control, and were compared to their responses following simulated CHL.Results: o VEMPs following simulated CHL showed decreased response rate, elevated thresholds, attenuated amplitudes and prolonged N1 latencies compared with those before simulated CHL, and the differences were statistically significant. Similarly, c VEMPs following simulated CHL also showed decreased response rate, elevated thresholds and attenuated amplitudes, with prolonged P1 latencies compared with those before simulated CHL, although only differences in response rate, threshold and amplitude were significant.Conclusions: Conductive hearing loss affects the response rate and other response parameters in o VEMPs and c VEMPs.

Estimation on wetland loss and its restoration potential in Modern Yellow River Delta,Shandong Province of China

Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems with varied functions and structures,and its loss has been a major issue.Wetland loss in Modem Yellow River Delta(MYRD) becomes a serious environmental problem,so its restoration attracts a great deal of attention from academia and governments.This article proposes a GIS-based multi-criteria comprehensive evaluation methodology for potential estimation of wetland restoration,using MYRD as an example.The model uses four kinds of data(hydrology,terrain,soil,and land use) and could be adapted by planners for use in identifying the suitability of locations as wetland mitigation sites at any site or region.In the application of the model in the MYRD,the research developed a lost wetland distributed map taking the better wetland situation of 1995 as the reference,and elevated the overall distribution trends of wetland restoration potential based on wetland polygon.The results indicated that the total area of wetland loss from 1995 to 2014 was 568.12 km^2,which includes 188.83 km^2 natural wetland and 21.80 km^2 artificial wetland,respectively.The areas of lost wetland with low,middle,and high resilience ability are 126.82 km^2,259.92 km^2,and 119.59 km^2,occupying 25.05%,51.33%,and 23.62%,respectively.The high-restoration-potential wetland included98.47 km^2 of natural wetland and 21.12 km^2 of artificial wetland,which are mainly bush,reed,and ponds.The highrestoration-potential wetland is mainly distributed in the vicinity of Gudong oil field,the Yellow River Delta protected areas,and the eastern sides of Kenli county and Dongying city.

Flood Risk Analysis and Flood Potential Losses Assessment

The heavy floods in the Taihu Basin showed increasing trend in recent years. In this work, a typical area in the northern Taihu Basin was selected for flood risk analysis and potential flood losses assessment. Human activities have strong impact on the study area’s flood situation (as affected by the polders built, deforestation, population increase, urbanization, etc.), and have made water level higher, flood duration shorter, and flood peaks sharper. Five years of different flood return periods [(1970), 5 (1962), 10 (1987), 20 (1954), 50 (1991)] were used to calculate the potential flood risk area and its losses. The potential flood risk map, economic losses, and flood-impacted population were also calculated. The study’s main conclusions are: 1) Human activities have strongly changed the natural flood situation in the study area, increasing runoff and flooding; 2) The flood risk area is closely related with the precipitation center; 3) Polder construction has successfully protected land from flood, shortened the flood duration, and elevated water level in rivers outside the polders; 4) Economic and social development have caused flood losses to increase in recent years.

Water-saving Potential in aeolian sand soil under straight tube and surface drip irrigation in Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China

Evaporation loss from the saturated soil beneath drip irrigation emitters highly influences the irrigation efficiency of drip krigation （D1]. Subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） is one good approach to curb this inefficiency, but in a new irrigation method, straight tube irrigation （STI）, the irrigation tubes do not need to be buried and thus STI is recommended to increase the irrigation efficiency under normal surface-applied DI. STI consists of only connectors and water-transference tubes that can directly transfer irrigation water from the lateral emitters in the drip line to the root zone of plants. Five-month field experiments were carried out in aeolian sand soil in the forest-belts of the Taklimakan Desert, which have poor water storage capacity, to compare the potential water saving between STI and DI. The preliminary results showed that, compared with DI, STI （1） improved the soil water content in soil depths from 40 to 100 cm under the soil surface; （2） achieved the same irrigation effects in relatively shorter irrigation durations; （3） had very little water loss due to deep seepage; and （4） formed a layer of dry sand about 10 to 30 cm thick immediately below the soil surface, which lessened evaporation loss of soil water beneath the emitters on the soil surface. This demonstrates that STI can maximize the water-saving potential of DI through the reduction of wetted soil perimeters on the soil surface. This is valuable information for water-saving engineering applications and projects with STI in arid and semiarid regions.

感音神经性听力损失患者的听觉皮质诱发电位平均阈值与言语识别阈相关性研究

目的研究感音神经性耳聋患者的听觉皮质诱发电位(CAEP)平均阈值与言语识别阈(SRT)的相关性,为临床通过客观检测预估主观言语测试阈提供参考。方法选取2023年1—7月收治的平均年龄为(31.2±22.7)岁的22例感音神经性听力损失患者,分别检测0.5、1、2、4 kHz频率处的CAEP反应阈和SRT,对结果进行相关性分析。结果Pearson相关性分析显示,CAEP平均阈值和SRT显著相关(r=0.764,P<0.01);非参数独立样本检验显示,CAEP平均阈值与SRT的相关性无耳间、性别间差异。结论CAEP平均阈值和SRT显著相关,对无法配合言语测试的患者,CAEP阈值可用于预估SRT。

人工耳蜗声场听觉皮层诱发电位反应阈和行为测听助听听阈相关性研究

目的研究人工耳蜗植入(CI)后声场短纯音听觉皮层诱发电位(CAEP)反应阈与声场行为测听助听听阈相关性,为无法主观配合声场行为测听的CI患者快速高效的评估提供参考依据。方法募集22名(22耳)CI儿童,对同组使用短纯音在0.5、1、2、4 kHz进行声场CAEP P1波反应阈及声场行为测听并进行相关性分析。结果CI后儿童在0.5、1、2、4 kHz声场短纯音CAEP P1反应阈与声场行为测听助听听阈在对应频率的相关性系数r分别为0.567、0.670、0.627及0.762(P<0.05);人工耳蜗声场短纯音CAEP P1反应阈与声场行为测听阈值显著相关,差值在5~8 dB之间。结论声场短纯音CAEP可用于无法主观配合声场行为测听患者的效果评估,对人工耳蜗临床调试工作提供参考依据。

类比法剖析毛细现象的能量分配

毛细现象的能量来源曾经有过激烈的讨论,但能量分配并未解释清楚.将毛细管中液柱上升运动与盘曲链条升降运动进行类比,通过受力及做功分析,明确了毛细现象中能量的分配问题,即毛细恒力做功与液柱重力势能变化、动能损失、滞阻损失之间的关系,并进行了实验验证.

氧化铟对铅酸蓄电池性能的影响

实验采用循环伏安法和线性伏安扫描法,在电化学工作站上研究了Pb电极和Pb-In电极。通过线性伏安扫描曲线图,分析了电极的析氢电位与析氢电流。得出初步结论后,将氧化铟作为添加剂加入负极铅膏中,做成实验富液式铅酸电池,并与常规富液电池进行对比测试。测试项目有初期性能、水损耗、充电接受等。实验结果表明,加氧化铟的电池整体性能优于常规电池,而且水损耗明显降低。

Analyses of the Temporal Development and Yield Losses due to Sheath Blight of Rice (Rhizoctonia solani AG1.1a)

Sheath blight of rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 1. 1a, has become the most important disease and caused serious yield losses in some major rice-growing regions in China in recent years. In the present study, field plot experiment was conducted to examine the relationships between disease intensity and inoculum density （ID）, the seasonal disease epidemic dynamics, and yield reductions due to disease damages. Results from the experiment demonstrated that the areas under progress curves of disease severity and those of percent rice tillers diseased were positively and closely related to the relative initial ID of the pathogen. The inoculum density-disease （IDD） relationships were simulated and the impractical linear models were obtained. Both logistic and Gompertz functions could be used to simulate the disease progress dynamics in time, but the progress curves of the disease severity were modeled better by the Gompertz than by logistic function. However, the Richards function was found to be the best in simulating the disease progress curves when a most appropriate value was chosen for the shape parameter m by using the computer software Epitimulator. Sheath blight infection decreased rice yield very significantly and a yield reduction of 40% was recorded in rice crop with the highest inoculum density. Rice yield was linearly and negatively correlated with the disease severity and the percent tillers affected. The simulated models for all these relationships were computed through executing Epitimulator software and were presented in this paper.

Assessment of Balance and Vestibular Functions in Patients with Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

This study investigated the relationship among the severity of hearing impairment,vestibular function and balance function in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss（ISSNHL）.A total of 35 ISSNHL patients（including 21 patients with vertigo） were enrolled.All of the patients underwent audiometry,sensory organization test（SOT）,caloric test,cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential（cV EMP） test and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential（o VEMP） test.Significant relationship was found between vertigo and hearing loss grade（P=0.009）,and between SOT VEST grade and hearing loss grade（P=0.001）.The abnormal rate of o VEMP test was the highest,followed by the abnormal rates of caloric and c VEMP tests,not only in patients with vertigo but also in those without vertigo.The vestibular end organs were more susceptible to damage in patients with vertigo（compared with patients without vertigo）.Significant relationship was found between presence of vertigo and SOT VEST grade（P=0.010）.We demonstrated that vestibular end organs may be impaired not only in patients with vertigo but also in patients without vertigo.The cochlear and vestibular impairment could be more serious in patients with vertigo than in those without vertigo.Vertigo does not necessarily bear a causal relationship with the impairment of the vestibular end organs.SOT VEST grade could be used to reflect the presence of vertigo state in the ISSNHL patients.Apart from audiometry,the function of peripheral vestibular end organs and balance function should be evaluated to comprehensively understand ISSNHL.Better assessment of the condition will help us in clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation of ISSNHL.

Otolithic organ function in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss

Profound sensorineural hearing loss (PSHL) is not uncommonly encountered in otology. In clinics, there is a high incidence of otolithic damage in patients with PSHL, but relevant reports are few. Sharing a continuous membranous structure and similar receptor cell ultrastructures, the cochlea and vestibule may be susceptible to the same harmful factors. Disorders of the inner ear may result in a variety of manifestations, including vertigo, spatial disorientation, blurred vision, impaired articulation, and hearing impairment. Considering the diversity of clinical symptoms associated with PSHL with otolithic dysfunction, it may be frequently misdiagnosed, and objective means of testing the function of otolithic organs should be recommended for hearing-impaired patients. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) via air-conducted sound are of great importance for the diagnosis of otolithic function. Hearing devices such as cochlear implants are commonly accepted treatments for PSHL, and early identification and treatment of vestibular disorders may increase the success rate of cochlear implantation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase awareness of otolithic functional states in patients with PSHL.

Role of Ion-Surface Interaction at the Entry Surface on the Energy Loss of Highly Charged Slow Ions in Solids

Evidence is obtained from the data of an earlier measurement that the effect of ion-surface interaction on the stopping power of highly charged slow ions is not at all tiny rather remarkably large, even it supersedes the bulk stopping power. The stopping power due to the surface interactions is directly proportional to the charge state of incident ions.

THE GENETIC-INDUCED HEARING lOSS CAN BLOCK THE EFFECT OF NOISE TRAUMA IN WAlTZING GUINEA PIG

The waltzing guinea pig may be a good model to investigate if genetic factor can change the sensitivity in noise-induced hearing loss. A total of 34 waltzig guinea pigs were studied and we found that there is no any significant increased sensitivity to noise trauma if the age-induced hearing loss was considered in waltz-ing guinea pig.

听力学客观检测技术在法医临床学中的应用进展

听力损失的定性、定量和定位分析是法医临床学科研和鉴定的重要内容之一。纯音测听是评估听力损失的“金标准”,但受被鉴定人主观配合的影响。由于听觉通路的复杂性和听力损失的多样性,听力损失评估需联合应用多种主客观测听技术,并结合案情、临床症状及其他检查进行综合判断,以保证法医学听力障碍评定结果的科学性、准确性和可靠性。客观测听技术包括声导抗、耳声发射及各类听觉诱发电位等。具有频率特异性的听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)、40 Hz听觉相关电位和听性稳态反应常用于客观听阈评估。声导抗、耳声发射和ABR联合可用于听力损失定位,判断损伤位于中耳、耳蜗还是蜗后。本文综述了不同客观测听技术在听阈评估和听力损失定位中的应用价值,以期为听力损失的法医学鉴定提供参考。

皮层听觉诱发电位在听力评估中的应用

目的探讨短纯音刺激皮层听觉诱发电位(cortical auditory evoked potentials,CAEP)对听力评估的价值。方法受试者为听力正常成人19例(36耳),感音神经性聋成人患者21例(21耳),以500、1000、2000和4000 Hz短纯音作为刺激声,在醒觉状态下颅顶电极记录CAEP的N1-P2复合波,分析N1-P2阈值与纯音听阈的相关性,以及两者差值在不同人群中的差异。结果所有受试者四个测试频率的N1-P2阈值与对应频率纯音听阈值的相关系数依次为0.971、0.967、0.958、0.955,呈显著的线性相关;听力正常组36耳500、1000、2000和4000 Hz的N1-P2阈值上限(95%置信区间)依次为32、27、32、39 dB SPL,即正常人阈值上限为32.5 dB SPL;正常人N1-P2阈值与纯音听阈的差值依次为18.9±6.1、11.6±5.9、13.3±7.0、18.7±8.3 dB;感音神经性聋患者两者差值依次为10.3±6.0、6.8±8.9、6.5±9.5、12.9±11.4 dB,四个测试频率的差值在两组人群中的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论听力正常人短纯音CAEP的N1-P2平均阈值小于32.5 dB SPL;N1-P2阈值与对应频率纯音听阈相关性非常好,听力评估中使用N1-P2阈值预测听力时应注意刺激声的校准及校正值的使用。

前庭诱发肌源性电位和耳蜗电图对急性低频感音神经性聋预后的预判价值

目的:探讨前庭诱发肌源性电位和耳蜗电图对急性低频感音神经性聋(acute low frequency sensorineural hearing loss,ALFHL)预后的预判价值。方法:收集2020年1月至2022年6月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科住院的60例单侧首次ALFHL患者的病历资料。所有患者入院后行耳蜗电图(electrocochleography,EcochG)、眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位(ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP)、颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位(cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP)检查;于治疗开始前,治疗后1周、2周和1月行纯音测听检测。EcochG-SP/AP>0.4和SP/AP面积比>1.92为异常。cVEMP和oVEMP波形引出与否,振幅比(≤1.61)和不对称比(≤0.29),其中任何一项异常为异常。各组间率的比较采用卡方检验、McNemar检验和Mann-Whitney检验,ALFHL预后的危险因素分析采用单因素和多因素二元logistic回归分析。结果:60例ALFHL患者中,EcochG、cVEMP和oVEMP异常率分别为26.7%、23.3%和35.0%。EcochG和oVEMP异常率与患者年龄、性别、听力损失水平、治疗起始时间、有无伴耳闷和头晕无相关性。cVEMP异常率在听力损失>40dB HL的ALFHL中显著高于≤40 dB HL的患者(P<0.05)。EcochG、cVEMP和oVEMP异常的患者听力提高程度均低于其正常的患者(P<0.05)。单因素二元logistic回归分析发现,异常的EcochG、cVEMP和oVEMP是ALFHL不痊愈的危险因素(均P<0.05),而多因素二元logistic回归分析发现仅cVEMP和oVEMP是ALFHL不痊愈的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:异常的cVEMP和oVEMP是ALFHL患者不痊愈的独立危险因素,这可能与ALFHL患者球囊和椭圆囊内淋巴积水严重不易消退有关。检查cVEMP和oVEMP发现其异常,提示ALFHL患者不痊愈风险大。

基于相对风险管控能力的化工企业风险分级方法

综合考虑企业的固有风险与风险管控能力,建立一种化工企业安全生产风险分级的新方法。通过潜在生命损失值评估企业固有风险,确定风险分级判据;引入过程量与动态量构建化工企业风险管控能力评估指标体系,并基于云模型评估企业风险管控能力;提出相对风险管控能力系数概念,描述风险管控能力与固有风险相互作用下的企业安全生产风险等级。案例应用结果表明:根据相对风险管控能力系数的大小,可识别出固有风险等级低而安全生产风险等级高的企业,基于相对风险管控能力的风险分级方法具有可行性、有效性和实用性,对企业风险管控工作具有科学指导价值。

节能效果评估与节能潜力分析指标研究

推广节能措施、挖掘节能潜力是很重要的发展方向。本文讨论了无效能量的概念及识别方法,提出了衡量用能水平的两个新的指标,给出了评价节能措施效果的节能判据,探讨了节能潜力的分析方法。首先阐述了有效能量、无效能量的概念,讨论了有效能量、必然无效能量、或然无效能量的识别方法。其次,提出了耗能比和减耗比指标,用于衡量用能水平,从物理含义、数量关系与应用场景三个方面与传统效率指标进行了对比。考虑到一项节能措施可能对不同的无效能量产生影响,关注系统整体无效能量的变化,推导出了评价节能措施的两条节能判据。从现有用能水平和无效能量情况出发,探讨分析了系统节能潜力的方法。最后以某剧院用能系统为例,展示本文所提指标和方法的应用。本文旨在给出相关概念、提出相关指标与方法,希望能为建立科学合理的能效评估体系做出一定贡献,希望有助于推广节能措施、发掘节能潜力。

电位诱导沉积防垢技术在油田污水处理中的应用

以高密度碳棒为阳极、碳钢为阴极,恒压电位仪为外加电源制备出电位诱导防垢装置,并在新疆油田某污水处理站进行了现场试验。结果表明电位诱导防垢装置电极数越多、水中含油量和悬浮物含量越低,对油田污水的防垢效果越好。当污水流速为2 L/min、外加电压为1.5 V时,水的钙离子去除率达15.77%,可有效去除水中不稳定的结垢离子。现场试验表明,电位诱导防垢装置处理后水中钙离子去除率在9.09%至26.06%之间,处理前后油田水的24 h失钙率降低幅度能稳定保持在50%以上,结垢速率降低70.80%。同时,电位诱导防垢装置处理后水质参数没有发生显著变化,不影响污水后续处理或使用。