Seismic performance evaluation of steel frame-steel plate shear walls system based on the capacity spectrum method

This paper presents some methods that the standard acceleration design response spectra derived from the present China code for seismic design of buildings are transformed into the seismic demand spectra, and that the base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure is converted to the capacity spectrum of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） system. The capacity spectrum method （CSM） is programmed by means of MATLABT.0 computer language. A dual lateral force resisting system of 10-story steel frame-steel plate shear walls （SPSW） is designed according to the corresponding China design codes. The base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure subjected to the monotonic increasing lateral inverse triangular load is obtained by applying the equivalent strip model to stimulate SPSW and by using the finite element analysis software SAP2000 to make Pushover analysis. The seismic performance of this dual system subjected to three different conditions, i.e. the 8-intensity frequently occurred earthquake, fortification earthquake and seldom occurred earthquake, is evaluated by CSM program. The excessive safety of steel frame-SPSW system designed according to the present China design codes is pointed out and a new design method is suggested.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Performance of Reinforced Concrete Short-Limb Shear Wall

On the basis of test, nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforcedconcrete (R. C) short-limb shear walls under monotonic horizontal load are carried out by ANSYSprogram in order to understand the evolution of cracking, deformation and failure course of thespecimens. At the same time, the results of numerical calculation are compared with the results oftest. The results indicate that, under monotonic horizontal load the failures of the specimens withflange wall and without flange wall all occur at the intersections of lintel bottom and limb ofwall, the failures also occur at the bottom of limb; the load-displacement curve of wall withoutflange is steeper than that of wall with flange, and the ductility is worse than that of wall withflange; the results, such as cracking, deformation, yield load and so on of finite element analysisagree well with the results of test. These results provide theoretical basis of study andapplication of R. C short-limb shear wall.

Performance index limits of high reinforced concrete shear wall components

The deformation performance index limits of high reinforced concrete （RC） shear wall components based on Chinese codes were discussed by the nonlinear finite element method. Two typical RC shear wall specimens in the previous work were first used to verify the correctness of the nonlinear finite element method. Then, the nonlinear finite element method was applied to study the deformability of a set of high RC shear wall components designed according to current Chinese codes and with shear span ratio λ≥2.0. Parametric studies were made on the influence of shear span ratio, axial compression ratio, ratio of flexural capacity to shear capacity and main flexural reinforcement ratio of confined botmdary members. Finally, the deformation performance index and its limits of high RC shear wall components under severe earthquakes were proposed by the finite element model results, which offers a reference in determining the performance status of RC shear wall components designed based on Chinese codes.

The Effect of Near-Wall Vortices on Wall Shear Stress in Turbulent Boundary Layers

The objective of the present study is to explore the relation between the near-wall vortices and the shear stress on the wall in two-dimensional channel flows. A direct numerical simulation of an incompressible two-dimensional turbulent channel flow is performed with spectral method and the results are used to examine the relation between wall shear stress and near-wall vortices. The two-point correlation results indicate that the wall shear stress is associated with the vortices near the wall and the maximum correlation-value location of the near-wall vortices is obtained. The analysis of the instantaneous diagrams of fluctuation velocity vectors provides a further expression for the above conclusions. The results of this research provide a useful supplement for the control of turbulent boundary layers.

Structural Analysis of a RC Shear Wall by Use of a Truss Model

Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An iterative method is used. Initially, there are only concrete bars. Repeated structural analyses are performed. After each structural analysis, every concrete bar exceeding tensile strength is replaced by a steel bar. For every concrete bar exceeding compressive strength, first its section area is increased. If this is not enough, a steel bar is placed at the side of it. For every steel bar exceeding tensile or compressive strength, its section area is increased. After the end of every structural analysis, if all concrete and steel bars fall within tensile and compressive strengths, the output data are written and the analysis is terminated. Otherwise, the structural analysis is repeated. As all the necessary conditions (static, elastic, linearized geometric) are satisfied and the stresses of ALL concrete and steel bars fall within the tensile and compressive strengths, the results are acceptable. Usually, the proposed method exhibits a fast convergence in 4 - 5 repeats of structural analysis of the RC Shear Wall.

Three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method for simulating blood flow in aortic arch

The three-dimensional （3D） lattice Boltzmann models, 3DQ15, 3DQ19 and 3DQ27, under different wall boundary conditions and lattice resolutions have been investigated by simulating Poiseuille flow in a circular cylinder for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The 3DQ19 model with improved Fillippova and Hanel （FH） curved boundary condition represents a good compromise between computational efficiency and reliability. Blood flow in an aortic arch is then simulated as a typical haemodynamic application. Axial and secondary fluid velocity and effective wall shear stress profiles in a 180° bend are obtained, and the results also demonstrate that the lattice Boltzmann method is suitable for simulating the flow in 3D large-curved vessels.

Experimental Confirmation on the Calibration Curves for Preston＇s Method

The Preston＇s method is considered as one of the most commonly employed methods to measure the wall shear stress. However, it is only possible to determine the wall shear stress from measured pressure differences of the Preston tube and undisturbed static pressure, combined with calibration curves, which depend on the Preston tube diameter, fluid density, and viscosity. Since its invention, no significant advancement in theory has been made, and calibration curves proposed by Preston, Patel and Bechert are still in use. In the present study, a need to measure surface shear stress over a circular cylinder prompted us to develop our original Preston tube system. The developed system has been calibrated by measuring the wall shear stress in the fully developed turbulent flow regime in a circular pipe. The present results generally confirm the previously reported calibration curves. A slight modification of the coefficients in the calibration equation shows further improvement.

Size-dependent sinusoidal beam model for dynamic instability of single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this study, a model for dynamic instability of embedded single-walled car- bon nanotubes （SWCNTs） is presented. SWCNTs are modeled by the sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory （SSDBT）. The modified couple stress theory （MCST） is con- sidered in order to capture the size effects. The surrounding elastic medium is described by a visco-Pasternak foundation model, which accounts for normal, transverse shear, and damping loads. The motion equations are derived based on Hamilton＇s principle. The differential quadrature method （DQM） in conjunction with the Bolotin method is used in order to calculate the dynamic instability region （DIR） of SWCNTs. The effects of differ- ent parameters, such as nonlocal parameter, visco-Pasternak foundation, mode numbers, and geometrical parameters, are shown on the dynamic instability of SWCNTs. The re- sults depict that increasing the nonlocal parameter shifts the DIR to right. The results presented in this paper would be helpful in design and manufacturing of nano-electromechanical system （NEMS） and micro-electro-mechanical system （MEMS）.

框架承担倾覆力矩的合理计算方法

为理清框架倾覆力矩的相关概念区别,并给出各自合理计算方法,对计算框架、支撑、框架+支撑、局部框架或者局部框架+支撑倾覆力矩的统一解法进行总结,给出相应的力学法。指出框架倾覆力矩和框架承担倾覆力矩之间的显著区别,给出两者的异同以及建筑结构中框架承担倾覆力矩的计算原则,并进一步给出合理计算框架承担倾覆力矩的方法,即修正的统一解法。修正的统一解法适用于一般建筑结构和带竖向构件转换的结构,也适用于带伸臂框架-核心筒结构。最后对典型结构算例的框架承担倾覆力矩进行计算分析,结果合理可行。

模块化防屈曲钢板墙抗震性能

考虑经济性和便利性,提出了模块化防屈曲钢板墙及其常用模数,然后基于已有的防屈曲钢板墙的简化计算模型,推导了在不同墙数量情况下,模块化防屈曲钢板墙充分发挥抗震性能时,周边梁的承载力和刚度需求,并提出了周边梁的设计方法.进而,对模块化防屈曲钢板墙和整体墙进行了对比验证试验及其有限元模拟分析.研究结果表明:模块化防屈曲钢板墙能够达到与整体钢板墙相同的抗震性能,且周边梁未发生明显转动和破坏,说明所提出的周边梁设计方法是合理的;在层间位移角为1/50时,防屈曲钢板墙上下周边梁均未进入塑性,且承载力和初始刚度等的有限元值与试验值误差小于6%,从而进一步验证了其抗震性能.

模块化冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系低层村镇住宅设计研究

在传统冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系的基础上,从模块化、装配化角度出发,提出了一种适用于低层村镇住宅的新型结构体系——模块化冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系。首先,简述了墙体模块单元的构成,给出了7种通用标准化墙体模块单元,并介绍了基于通用标准化模块单元的村镇模块化户型构建原则及过程;其次,详述了便于快速装配安装的标准墙体单元间模块化连接方式,对模块连接节点进行了受力分析及数值模拟,并给出了模块化冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系构建的原则;最后,重点介绍了适用于所有冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系的抗剪墙长简化设计方法以及基于模块化冷弯薄壁结构体系的抗剪墙长设计方法,并通过实际案例详述了墙长确定过程,同时对比了不同计算方法的抗剪墙长,进一步验证了所提出的抗剪墙长简化设计方法的可行性。结果表明:所提出的模块化冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系可大幅提高冷弯薄壁型钢结构低层村镇住宅的工业化和产品化水平,大幅缩减了工期;所提出的抗剪墙长简化设计方法可显著降低设计门槛,便于该类体系的推广应用。

自攻螺钉与拉铆钉混合连接受剪承载性能试验

为改善自攻螺钉连接的构件在地震作用下易发生拉脱导致结构严重破坏的缺点,提升冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体抗破坏能力,分析了组合墙体层间连接处的传力机理,针对自攻螺钉的破坏模式,提出拉铆钉与自攻螺钉混合连接。为研究混合连接的抗剪性能,共进行了48组连接接头抗剪性能试验,包含冷弯薄壁型钢结构常用的5种连接板厚度,不同搭接板厚比(变化范围1.0~2.0),包含纯自攻螺钉连接、纯拉铆钉连接及混合连接的连接方式。观察混合连接的破坏模式,自攻螺钉未发现拉脱破坏,其破坏模式主要表现为:板承压破坏与螺钉倾斜组合破坏、铆钉剪断破坏及板承压与铆钉部分剪断组合破坏3种;相较单一连接方式,混合连接荷载–位移曲线表现出更长的塑性阶段;当板厚比大于1.5且组合板厚小于3.0mm,混合连接的承载力及延性较单一连接增长明显;利用现有计算方法对混合连接的承载力进行累加计算,与试验结果对比,计算结果偏保守。研究发现:混合连接能较好地弥补拉铆钉和自攻螺钉受剪过程中的缺陷,有效改善自攻螺钉拉脱破坏,从而提升连接的承载力及延性;板厚和板厚比是影响混合连接破坏模式及承载力的重要因素,与单一连接相比,板厚比越大,承载力提升越大;排布方式对混合连接的力学性能及破坏机理影响有限;在本文试验工况下,结合混合连接的破坏模式,在现有计算方法的基础上,提出改善后的计算方法,其计算结果更合理。

考虑套筒灌浆随机缺陷的装配式剪力墙结构可靠度评估

在装配整体式剪力墙结构中,由于套筒灌浆连接的质量具有一定的随机性,势必影响结构的竖向连接性能和结构抗震性能。根据不同缺陷程度的套筒灌浆拉拔试验,建立了一套等效套筒灌浆缺陷连接承载力模型,并基于某实际工程结构,建立了装配整体式剪力墙结构有限元模型。通过考虑灌浆缺陷的随机性,赋予连接接头相应缺陷程度的力学连接性能,来反映套筒灌浆中可能存在的缺陷。通过非线性有限元分析并结合概率密度演化方法(probability density evolution method,PDEM)进行了结构随机非线性反应分析和可靠度评估。结果表明:在动力作用下,结构非线性与随机性具有明显的耦合效应;缺陷的随机性会随着时间的推移,逐渐放大对结构响应的影响;在不同的安全域内,结构的整体可靠度将存在较大的差异。

剪跨比对CFRP加固RC剪力墙抗剪承载力及加固效率影响分析

为探究剪跨比对外贴碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)布加固钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙抗剪性能及破坏机制的影响规律,建立了考虑Hashin损伤准则及Cohesive内聚力作用的三维数值模型。利用已有的试验数据验证了该文数值模拟方法的准确性,研究了剪跨比对不同加固方式下剪力墙的破坏模式、抗剪承载力和延性系数等力学性能的影响,并进一步分析了剪跨比及加固方式对CFRP抗剪贡献及加固效率的影响规律。结果表明:随着剪跨比的增大,CFRP加固RC剪力墙的抗剪承载力降低,CFRP的抗剪贡献与加固效率被大幅削弱;此外,在同一剪跨比下,相较于双面加固及全包裹加固方式,采取水平条带加固剪力墙将提高1.0倍~3.0倍的抗剪承载力加固效率,延性系数提高效率增大0.8倍~2.4倍。

高层建筑剪力墙采用置换法加固技术研究

由于施工不当等原因造成高层建筑剪力墙的混凝土强度不符合设计要求的情况时有发生,目前常用的方法为有支撑卸荷加固法、分段置换加固法。有支撑卸荷加固法存在成本高、风险大、施工工作面要求高等问题,分段置换加固法存在工期长、应力后滞等问题。以某25层剪力墙结构为例,重点介绍了新型剪力墙置换加固卸载装置对该建筑物地上1层部分剪力墙进行加固时采用的加固方法、工作原理。该方法能有效解决常规剪力墙置换法的问题,大幅降低造价、缩短工期,为类似工程提供安全、经济、可靠的加固方法。

微孔的磨料水射流抛光CFD模拟及试验

为解决飞秒激光微孔难以抛光的问题,结合磨料水射流去除函数稳定、自适应性强等特点,采用磨料水射流抛光方法提高飞秒激光微孔质量。利用Fluent软件对不同工艺参数下的磨料水射流微孔抛光过程进行计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)模拟,分析不同参数下的流场分布、侵蚀速率及壁面剪切力作用规律;然后通过响应面法对射流靶距、射流压力及磨料粒径等3因素进行优化试验,以微孔内壁面剪切力均方差为响应值,建立其响应面方程,获得最佳抛光参数组合并进行试验验证。结果表明:射流压力对微孔内壁面剪切力的影响最大,当射流压力从0.80 MPa增至1.50 MPa时,微孔内壁面剪切力增大2倍以上。射流的不同结构段因性质不同可适用于不同工况。利用响应面法分析得到水射流微孔抛光的最佳工艺参数组合是:射流冲击角,90°;射流靶距,3.5 mm;射流压力,1.10 MPa;磨料粒径,15.0μm。在该条件下抛光微孔内壁面的表面粗糙度R_a降至0.354μm。磨料水射流抛光可显著改善微孔壁面质量,且响应面法预测的数据模型有较高准确性。

干法连接装配式混凝土联肢墙抗震性能试验研究

为提高施工效率,充分发挥装配式结构的拼装优势,提出了一种用于装配式混凝土联肢墙的干式连接方法,在联肢墙的连梁跨中断缝,采用高强度螺栓和预埋连接钢板实现快速干法连接。为研究干法连接装配式联肢墙的抗震性能,对1片整浇联肢墙和1片采用干法连接的装配式联肢墙试件进行了低周往复加载试验。研究结果表明:干法连接节点可以有效传递预制联肢墙之间的相互作用力,实现“强墙肢和弱连梁”的性能目标;干法连接装配式联肢墙的滞回特性与现浇联肢墙相似,二者初始弹性刚度接近,加载后期因节点变形造成墙体刚度和承载力下降,但其变形能力和耗能能力更强。基于试验结果,提出的干法连接装配式混凝土联肢墙的承载力计算方法,反映了干连接节点的传力特点,可用于该连接形式的分析和设计。

北京某山地项目结构设计与分析综述

北京某山地项目总建筑面积约92万m2,主体建筑由19栋叠拼别墅及5栋洋房组成,均为地上5层、主体高度150m,地下2层或3层。别墅和洋房均采用装配整体式剪力墙结构体系;各单体通过7个1层或2层地下车库连接。首先,根据工程概况及国家政策要求确定结构体系,并根据山地建筑特点对工程建设场地地质灾害进行评估;其次,结合场地实际情况对竖向设计方案进行相关论述;同时,对抗震设防烈度8度(020g)区土质边坡主体结构基础设计、边坡支护设计过程中的重难点及其解决方法进行具体陈述。研究及设计结果表明:结合台地高差通过选用合理的结构布置及计算措施,各子项计算指标可以较好地满足相关规范要求,结构设计安全、可靠。

装配式混凝土剪力墙竖缝连接技术研究进展

概括了装配式混凝土剪力墙的几种竖缝连接方式,着重从连接机理、适用范围、主要特点等方面进行了介绍;归纳了国内外装配式混凝土剪力墙竖缝连接试验研究概况,分别从剪切性能试验研究和抗震性能试验研究两个方面进行探讨;介绍了一种新型榫卯连接装配整体式剪力墙结构;最后,针对装配式混凝土剪力墙竖缝连接技术提出几点建议。

基于面波法和高密度电法的地连墙成槽扰动研究

地下连续墙是当前地下工程中常见的一种截水、防渗、挡土结构,在众多轨道交通以及房建工程中都有广泛应用。在地下连续墙施工过程中,周围土体会受到扰动,导致各类工程性质参数发生变化。使用瑞雷面波法、高密度电阻率法两种新型试验手段,以江阴靖江长江隧道江北段明挖隧道为工程依托,对地下连续墙成槽施工后土体的剪切模量、电阻率变化规律以及扰动范围开展研究。结果表明,地下连续墙成槽施工后不同位置土体的剪切模量和电阻率变化不一。以剪切模量为评价指标时,明显扰动区分布在深度4 m以上且距槽壁5.5 m范围内;以电阻率为评价指标时,明显扰动区位于深度4 m以下且距槽壁4 m以内区域。