The food habits of Wild ass (Equus hemionus)and Goitred gazelle (Gazeds subgutturosa) in kalamaili ungulate Reserve in autumn was described, based on the investigation conducted in 1992. wild ass was much concentrated...The food habits of Wild ass (Equus hemionus)and Goitred gazelle (Gazeds subgutturosa) in kalamaili ungulate Reserve in autumn was described, based on the investigation conducted in 1992. wild ass was much concentrated around water sources, and had more food resource than Goitred gezelle. The quagmires in the reserve were critical conditions as food and water bases for both species. In terms of present survey, it was estimated that 680 Wild ass and 8840 Goitred gazelle lived in this reserve.展开更多
The microstructural features of the tissue of long bones subjected to different biomechanical stresses could be a helpful tool for a better understanding of locomotor behavior in extant and extinct mammals,including e...The microstructural features of the tissue of long bones subjected to different biomechanical stresses could be a helpful tool for a better understanding of locomotor behavior in extant and extinct mammals,including equids.However,few researches have attempted to describe the bone tissue of extinct horses.In our study,we analyze and compare the histomorphometric features of the bone tissue in extant modern horses,Equus caballus,and Equus namadicus,a Pleistocene Indian extinct wild horse.The number,position,and size of the osteons and Haversian canals of the bone tissue,classifiable as dense Haversian tissue,were considered for the comparison.The results obtained highlight some differences between the analyzed species,E.caballus having fewer and bigger osteons than E.namadicus.The microstructural differences may depend on the different lifestyles and environmental conditions characterizing the two species.The results obtained suggest that comparing the biomechanical properties of extinct and modern horse species may provide indirect information on their paleoenvironment.展开更多
This paper describes new fossils of Equus huanghoensis from an Early Pleistocene bed in Nihewan, Hebei Province, which confirms the classification of E. huanghoensis by Chinese researchers. The new fossils include a r...This paper describes new fossils of Equus huanghoensis from an Early Pleistocene bed in Nihewan, Hebei Province, which confirms the classification of E. huanghoensis by Chinese researchers. The new fossils include a relatively complete male skull and mandible with all upper and lower dentition, a broken female skull with fragment of mandible and a broken Mc III of Equus sp. The fossils were collected from the Yangshuizhan site of Nihewan. The age of the formation is about 1.6 Ma. The new materials verify some classification characteristics based on teeth published in previous descriptions. These characteristics include large teeth size, short protocone, and tilted protoloph and metaloph. We have added to these characteristics of large skull size, a developed protuberantia supramagna, pentagonal nuchal side, weak Pli cabaline, simple enamel plications; a series of new characteristics strikingly different from the other Equus horses. The broken Mc III is similar to Equus qingyangensis from Qingyang, Gansu.展开更多
The Chinese fossils ofEquus began to appear from the beginning of the Quaternary at 2.5 Ma B.P., and the extant species ofEquus still live in China under natural conditions at the present, which is unique in the world...The Chinese fossils ofEquus began to appear from the beginning of the Quaternary at 2.5 Ma B.P., and the extant species ofEquus still live in China under natural conditions at the present, which is unique in the world. 12 valid fossil species ofEquus have been discovered in China, including the stenonid, caballoid and hemione representatives ofEquus. The origin and evolution of the Chinese fossil species and other relevant species ofEquus are discussed in detail. The pmposed phylogenetic relationships and temporal distribution sequences including all the Chinese fossil species ofEquus are established. Some mistakes in the earlier researches about the Chinese fossils ofEquus are corrected.展开更多
The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples ...The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples were extracted with organic solvents (pentane or hexane) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) with closed electron ionization (CEI). Using the GC-MS analysis, we observed a compound peak, which could not be identified by comparison to mass spectra in the mass spectral library. This unknown compound was often the largest peak in the chromatogram and had a retention index and mass spectral fragmentation similar to nonanal. However, there were several differences in the fragmentation pattern. When compared to a nonanal reference standard, it was evident that this was a different compound. Hydrodistillation of pony hair was another extraction method to obtain the unknown component in higher concentrations. Analysis of this extract with GC-flame ionization detector (FID) with GC-MS confirmed the same unknown peak. Further experiments and analysis with the various mass spectroscopy tools gave the possible molecular ion with mass-to-charge ratio (<em>m/z</em>) 142, corresponding to the unknown component.展开更多
文摘The food habits of Wild ass (Equus hemionus)and Goitred gazelle (Gazeds subgutturosa) in kalamaili ungulate Reserve in autumn was described, based on the investigation conducted in 1992. wild ass was much concentrated around water sources, and had more food resource than Goitred gezelle. The quagmires in the reserve were critical conditions as food and water bases for both species. In terms of present survey, it was estimated that 680 Wild ass and 8840 Goitred gazelle lived in this reserve.
文摘The microstructural features of the tissue of long bones subjected to different biomechanical stresses could be a helpful tool for a better understanding of locomotor behavior in extant and extinct mammals,including equids.However,few researches have attempted to describe the bone tissue of extinct horses.In our study,we analyze and compare the histomorphometric features of the bone tissue in extant modern horses,Equus caballus,and Equus namadicus,a Pleistocene Indian extinct wild horse.The number,position,and size of the osteons and Haversian canals of the bone tissue,classifiable as dense Haversian tissue,were considered for the comparison.The results obtained highlight some differences between the analyzed species,E.caballus having fewer and bigger osteons than E.namadicus.The microstructural differences may depend on the different lifestyles and environmental conditions characterizing the two species.The results obtained suggest that comparing the biomechanical properties of extinct and modern horse species may provide indirect information on their paleoenvironment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41290253,41174057)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB955901)
文摘This paper describes new fossils of Equus huanghoensis from an Early Pleistocene bed in Nihewan, Hebei Province, which confirms the classification of E. huanghoensis by Chinese researchers. The new fossils include a relatively complete male skull and mandible with all upper and lower dentition, a broken female skull with fragment of mandible and a broken Mc III of Equus sp. The fossils were collected from the Yangshuizhan site of Nihewan. The age of the formation is about 1.6 Ma. The new materials verify some classification characteristics based on teeth published in previous descriptions. These characteristics include large teeth size, short protocone, and tilted protoloph and metaloph. We have added to these characteristics of large skull size, a developed protuberantia supramagna, pentagonal nuchal side, weak Pli cabaline, simple enamel plications; a series of new characteristics strikingly different from the other Equus horses. The broken Mc III is similar to Equus qingyangensis from Qingyang, Gansu.
基金Project supported by the French-Chinese Cooperation (Grant No. 203720C).
文摘The Chinese fossils ofEquus began to appear from the beginning of the Quaternary at 2.5 Ma B.P., and the extant species ofEquus still live in China under natural conditions at the present, which is unique in the world. 12 valid fossil species ofEquus have been discovered in China, including the stenonid, caballoid and hemione representatives ofEquus. The origin and evolution of the Chinese fossil species and other relevant species ofEquus are discussed in detail. The pmposed phylogenetic relationships and temporal distribution sequences including all the Chinese fossil species ofEquus are established. Some mistakes in the earlier researches about the Chinese fossils ofEquus are corrected.
文摘The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples were extracted with organic solvents (pentane or hexane) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) with closed electron ionization (CEI). Using the GC-MS analysis, we observed a compound peak, which could not be identified by comparison to mass spectra in the mass spectral library. This unknown compound was often the largest peak in the chromatogram and had a retention index and mass spectral fragmentation similar to nonanal. However, there were several differences in the fragmentation pattern. When compared to a nonanal reference standard, it was evident that this was a different compound. Hydrodistillation of pony hair was another extraction method to obtain the unknown component in higher concentrations. Analysis of this extract with GC-flame ionization detector (FID) with GC-MS confirmed the same unknown peak. Further experiments and analysis with the various mass spectroscopy tools gave the possible molecular ion with mass-to-charge ratio (<em>m/z</em>) 142, corresponding to the unknown component.
