Preliminary Research of the Regular Pattern between Flavonoids Content and the Age of Erect Type Ophiopogon jaonicus

[Objective] The experiment aimed to inquire into the regular pattern of the flavonoids content in erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus preliminarily.[Methods]In the main Ophiopogon jaonicus-producing area,we use the method of home position dynamic method to gather sample for experiments,use UV to determine the flavonoids content in Ophiopogon jaonicus and use correlation and regression method to analyze the relation between flavonoids content and the growth period of Ophiopogon jaonicus.[Results]The relation between flavonoids content(y1)and the growth period(x∥d)of erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus is:y=1.235 6lnx-4.748 9(n=7,50≤x≤730,0≤y≤3.128,r0.001=0.950 7,r=0.954 2).[Conclusion]During a determinate time(50≤x≤730),positive correlation exists between flavonoids content and the growth period of Ophiopogon jaonicus.Our research has a great importance in directing the scientific harvest and GAP production of erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus.

Study on Root Morphology of Erect Type Peanut

The root morphology of erect type peanut in deep soil was studied in this paper. In the experiment, erect type peanut showed as most as five-order lateral roots with 13 227 pieces of lateral roots. At the seedling stage, the root system of erect type peanut was handstand cone-typed with lateral roots at various orders distributed around the taproot, and among the roots, the taproot was longest. During the late seedling stage to mature stage, the upper part of the root system of erect type peanut was blunt cone-typed, the middle part was three-dimensional network typed, while the lower part was cyUnder-like. The longest first-order lateral root was the longest root. At the mature stage, the taproot was not always the deepest root.

Genetical and Physiological Basis of Plant Type Model of Erect and Large Panicle Japonica Super Rice in Northern China

The historical changes in rice yields across China were explored. The physiological mechanisms and genetic basis of the erect and large panicle super-high-yield plant type model for breeding japonica super rice were analyzed mainly on the panicle type, number of large vascular bundles （LVB） in the panicle neck, and the panicle type index （PTI）. In the production point of view, we suggested that, for the breeding of super-high-yield japonica rice, the erect panicle types with more LVB numbers in the panicle neck and superior upper grains in the secondary branches would be the key factors. The information has potential significance in the rice breeding and productivity not only in China but also throughout the rice production areas of the world.

Erectile potentials of a new phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, DA-8159, in diet-induced obese rats

Aim： To examine the changes in the erectile function in diet-induced obese rats and investigate the oral efficacy of DA-8159, a new phosphodiesterase type 5 （PDE5） inhibitor, on penile erection in obese rats. Methods： The rats were fed a high-energy diet for 12 weeks and divided into three groups： an obesity-resistant （OR） control group, an obesity-prone （OP） control group, and an OP-DA-8159 treatment （DA-8159） group. The electrostimulation-induced erectile responses were measured in all groups. The body weight, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels were also measured. Results： In the OP control group, the maximum intracavernous pressure （ICP） and ICP/blood pressure （ICP/BP） ratio after electric stimulation were significantly lower than those in OR control group. The corresponding area under the curve （AUC） of the ICP/BP ratio, the detumescence time and the baseline cavernous pressure were also lower than those in the OR control group, but this difference was not significant. The body weight gain, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride level in the OP group were significantly higher than those in the OR group. After administering the DA-8159, a significant increase in the maximum ICP and the ICP/BP ratio were observed. The corresponding AUCs in the DA-8159 group were also higher than those in the two control groups. Furthermore, the detumescence time was significantly prolonged after treatment with DA-8159. Conclusion： These results demon- strate that diet-induced obesity affects the erectile function in rats and these erectile dysfunction （ED） can be improved by the treatment with DA-8159, indicating DA-8159 might be a treatment option for ED associated with obesity.

Erectile potentials of a new phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor,DA-8159,in diet-induced obese rats

Aim:To examine the changes in the erectile function in diet-induced obese rats and investigate the oral efficacy of DA-8159,a new phosphodiesterase type 5(PDE5)inhibitor,on penile erection in obese rats.Methods:The rats were fed a high-energy diet for 12 weeks and divided into three groups:an obesity-resistant(OR)control group,an obesity- prone(OP)control group,and an OP-DA-8159 treatment(DA-8159)group.The electrostimulation-induced erectile responses were measured in all groups.The body weight,plasma cholesterol,triglyceride and glucose levels were also measured.Results:In the OP control group,the maximum intracavernous pressure(ICP)and ICP/blood pressure(ICP/BP)ratio after electric stimulation were significantly lower than those in OR control group.The corresponding area under the curve(AUC)of the ICP/BP ratio,the detumescence time and the baseline cavernous pressure were also lower than those in the OR control group,but this difference was not significant.The body weight gain,plasma cholesterol and triglyceride level in the OP group were significantly higher than those in the OR group. After administering the DA-8159,a significant increase in the maximum ICP and the ICP/BP ratio were observed.The coerrsponding AUCs in the DA-8159 group were also higher than those in the two control groups.Furthermore,the detumescence time was significantly prolonged after treatment with DA-8159.Conclusion:These results demon- strate that diet-induced obesity affects the erectile function in rats and these erectile dysfunction(ED)can be im- proved by the treatment with DA-8159,indicating DA-8159 might be a treatment option for ED associated with obesity.

Effects of Row-Spacing on Canopy Structure and Yield in Different Plant Type Rice Cultivars

Two japonica rice varieties, Longjing 20 （more tillers and curved panicle type, MCP） and Longjing 21 （few tillers and half erect panicle type, FEP）, were used to study the effects of row-spacing on canopy structure, morphological characteristics and yield. The results showed that the percentage of productive tiller reduced first, and increased afterwards as row-spacing increasing. The relationship between row spacing and the percentage of productive tiller fitted a quadratic regression. The effects of row spacing on leaf area index （LAI） at later tillering stage and the highest stem number per square meter also followed a quadratic regression relationship with increasing first and then reducing. The effects of row-spacing on primary branch were larger than the secondary branch in Longjing 20. However, the trend in Longjing 21 was opposite. The relationship between row spacing and seed setting rate of the secondary branch or panicle was negatively correlated. An extreme significant negative correlation was obtained between seed setting rate of secondary branch in Longjing 20. There was no significant positive correlation between row-spacing and yield in Longjing 20 （R2=0.68）. However, the negative correlation between row-spacing and yield of Longjing 21 was extremely significant （R2=–0.96＊＊）. The canopy structure of MCP was more sensitive to row-spacing. The positive correlation between row spacing and the length of the flag leaf （R2=0.89＊＊）, the width of the flag leaf （R2=0.85＊）, the length of the last internode （R2=0.85＊）, the length of the last 2nd internode （R2=0.96＊＊） or the length of the panicle （R2=0.91＊＊） was significant or extremely significant in Longjing 20, but not in Longjing 21. The wider row-spacing promoted the accumulation of the dry matter of panicle, stem and leaf and the yield formation in MCP. The best row-spacing in Longjing 20 was 30 cm. For Longjing 21, the narrower row-spacing was better. The best row-spacing of it was 21 cm. These results suggested that improved the population environment of MCP or the utilization of the free space in the field of FEP could be reached either by wider row-spacing or narrow row-spacing.

Recent insights into androgen action on the anatomical and physiological substrate of penile erection

Erectile response is centrally and peripherally regulated by androgens. The original insights into the mechanisms of action of androgens were that androgens particularly exert effects on libido and that erections in response to erotic stimuli were relatively androgen-independent. It was shown that sexual functions in men required androgen levels at the low end of reference values of testosterone. So it seemed that testosterone was not useful treatment for men with erectile difficulties, particularly following the advent of the phosphodiesterase type 5 （PDE5） inhibitors. However, approximately 50% of those treated with PDE5 inhibitors discontinue their treatment. A number of recent developments shed new light on testosterone treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED） in aging men. （1） A recent insight is that, in contrast to younger men, elderly men might require higher levels of testosterone for normal sexual functioning. （2） Several studies have indicated that PDE5 inhibitors are not always sufficient to restore erectile potency in men, and that testosterone improves the therapeutical response to PDE5 inhibitors considerably. （3） There is growing insight that testosterone has profound effects on tissues of the penis involved in the mechanism of erection and that testosterone deficiency impairs the anatomical and physiological substrate of erectile capacity, reversible upon androgen replacement. The synthesis of PDE5 is upregulated by androgens, and the arterial inflow into the penis is improved by giving androgen. The above invites a re-examination of the merits of giving testosterone to aging men with ED. The beneficial effects of PDE5 inhibitors may only be optimally expressed in a eugonadal environment. （Asian J Androl 2006 Jan; 8： 3-9）

济南齐鲁黄河大桥网状吊杆系杆拱桥施工关键技术

济南齐鲁黄河大桥主桥为(95+280) m+420 m+(280+95) m五跨三连拱下承式网状吊杆系杆拱桥,主梁采用钢-混组合梁,梁宽60.7 m,采用“先梁后拱”的施工工艺。钢箱梁采用“静动结合”的吊装技术,解决了有限作业空间下超重、超宽钢箱梁节段上桥的难题,钢箱梁采用智能化步履式顶推设备与坦克轮相结合的方式顶推施工,提高了顶推过程的可控性、安全性和高效性。3跨拱肋中2个280 m跨采用满堂支架法施工,420 m跨采用“三段法”施工,即通过满堂支架法安装两端60 m边拱肋,300 m中拱段采用在钢箱梁上低位拼装,然后整体提升中拱段,使其与边拱肋配切合龙。对吊杆张拉方案进行对比,基于有限元分析,以吊杆内力控制为原则,最终选择吊杆应力水平更低的从跨中向拱脚对称张拉的吊杆张拉方案,张拉过程中采用接长杆减少张拉工作量,使吊杆张拉更高效、安全。

中日水稻品种杂交后代株型性状的变化及其相互关系

株型改良在水稻高产优质新品种选育中具有重要地位。以东北地区最具代表性的直立穗型品种辽粳5号和日本著名的优质米品种秋田小町(弯曲穗型)杂交构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体为试材,分析后代群体株型性状的变化规律及其相互关系。研究结果表明,RIL群体中株型性状发生了显著的分离,大多数株型性状符合多基因控制的数量性状遗传规律,在后代群体中可以重新组合,但不同株型性状间的相关性有显著的不同。植株较高的株系,穗子一般较长,颈穗弯曲度较大,叶片狭长,枝梗数少,着粒较稀,这与秋田小町的株型特点很类似;反之,植株较矮的株系,穗子一般较短,穗型较直立,叶片短宽,枝梗数较多,着粒较密,这与辽粳5号的株型特点很类似。这一现象可能与控制某些株型性状的基因存在一因多效或基因连锁有关。尽管出现概率偏低,中日水稻品种典型株型性状仍可以相互结合,育种者通过杂交后定向选择的方法,可以创造出综合二者特点(如长剑叶-短密穗型或矮秆-长穗型)的水稻新株型。

直立和倒伏型桔梗的比较研究

从植物学特征性、物候期、产量和有效成分含量等方面对直立和倒伏型桔梗进行了比较。结果表明直立型桔梗的综合性状较好，适宜推广，而倒伏型桔梗的某些具体性状较直立型桔梗好。

直立穗型水稻品种演进状况分析

20世纪上半叶 ,国内外开始陆续出现了直立穗型水稻品种。自1974年辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会成立以来 ,共审定直立、半直立穗型水稻品种30个 ,占审定品种总数的36.6% ,其中 ,“八五”期间达到审定品种总数的32% ,“九五”期间则上升到55%。自20世纪90年代以来 ,辽宁省直立穗型水稻品种的种植面积迅速扩大 ,年种植面积从6.67×104hm2提高到26.67×104hm2 ,种植比例也迅速提高 ,从15%左右提高到50 %以上 ,1999年高达63.6%。辽宁省审定的直立穗型水稻品种中 ,有2/3的品种直立穗型基因来自意大利古老品种巴利拉 ,而且与辽粳5号亲缘关系密切。中国北方地区 (除辽宁省外 )推广种植的直立穗型水稻品种中 ,有53.3 %的品种与巴利拉有亲缘关系。以辽宁省审定的62个粘型常规水稻品种为对象进行对比分析 ,发现直立穗型品种相对于弯曲穗型品种 ,具有产量潜力较高 ,株高较矮。

行距对两个不同类型水稻品种冠层结构与产量的影响

以寒地粳稻龙粳20(多蘖-弯穗型)和龙粳21(少蘖-半直立穗型)为试材,研究了行距对两个不同类型水稻品种冠层结构、形态和产量的影响。结果表明,行距与两种类型水稻成穗率呈先降后升的二次回归关系,与分蘖末期叶面积指数和单位面积最大茎蘖数呈先升后降的二次回归关系。行距对龙粳20一次枝梗的影响大于二次枝梗,而龙粳21则相反;行距与参试品种的二次枝梗结实率和穗结实率均呈负相关,其中与龙粳20二次枝梗结实率呈极显著负相关。行距与龙粳20产量呈正相关,但相关不显著,与龙粳21的产量呈极显著负相关。多蘖-弯穗型品种的株型性状更易受到行距的影响,其中行距与龙粳20的剑叶长、剑叶宽、倒1节间长、倒2节间长和穗长均呈显著或极显著正相关,而与龙粳21的各株型性状相关均不显著。较宽行距有利于多蘖-弯穗型品种穗、茎、叶干物质积累和产量的形成,龙粳20的最佳行距处理为30cm,而少蘖-半直立穗型品种龙粳21,窄行距更佳,最佳行距为21cm。分析认为宽行距移栽有利于改善多蘖-弯穗型品种的群体生态环境,窄行距有利于提高少蘖-半直立穗型品种的空间利用。

水稻直立穗性状的遗传与其它性状的关系

直立穗型辽粳５号与弯曲穗型丰锦和沈农１２９号杂交，Ｆ１表现直立穗型，Ｆ２直立穗型与弯曲穗型表现３：１分离，正反交Ｆ１表现和Ｆ２分离均无显著差异；直立穗型穗和上部节间较短，因此株高明显低于弯曲穗型；直立穗型１，２次枝梗和１，２次枝梗籽粒的比例和分布都与弯曲穗型相似，但２次枝梗籽粒尤其是下部２次枝梗籽粒空秕率高，粒重亦明显低于１次枝梗籽粒；选育１次枝梗籽粒比率高，２次枝梗籽粒主要分布于穗轴上部的直立穗型品种，将有助于改善结实性和品质．

花生株型与高产

花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)是我国重要的油料作物,在我国食用油供给中具有重要作用,因此提高花生产量对于推动我国花生产业发展至关重要。自上世纪六十年代以来,我国花生主推品种以直立型为主,该株型结果集中,可以密植,能够满足当时小农经济手工劳作的需求。但是相比于蔓生型和半蔓生型花生来说,直立型花生用种量大、投入高、产量偏低,已经越来越不能满足现代化生产的要求。美国花生品种以蔓生型为主,花生单产高于我国,但是在我国发展蔓生型花生不切合我国耕地紧缺的实际情况,因此培育半蔓生型高产花生新品种是当务之急。本文分析了直立型花生对产量的限制性,论证了半蔓生型高产花生的优势,以期为我国花生高产育种提供一定的理论支持。

直立型川麦冬黄酮含量变化规律的初步研究

[目的]初步探讨直立型川麦冬黄酮含量的变化规律。[方法]在川麦冬主产区,采用原位动态法采集供试品,硫酸-苯酚比色法测定麦冬黄酮含量,相关回归法分析麦冬黄酮与生育时间的变化规律。[结果]直立型川麦冬中的黄酮含量y(mg/g)与生育时间x(d)的变化规律是:y=1.2356 lnx-4.748 9(n=7,50≤x≤730,0≤y≤3.128,r0.001=0.9507,r=0.9542)。[结论]在一定生育时间范围内(0≤x≤730 d),直立型川麦冬中的黄酮含量y(mg/g)与生育时间x(d)呈极显著的正相关关系。

水稻的产量潜力与株型演变

在简要分析中国50年来水稻单产变化及其原因的基础上 ,重点阐述了直立穗型水稻群体生理生态特性、株型演变趋势及与产量潜力的关系 。

水稻冠层垂直反射率的品种间差异及其影响因素初步分析

【目的】揭示结实期冠层垂直反射率与群体和株型性状关系。【方法】以辽宁省56个水稻品种(品系)为试材进行田间试验。【结果】冠层垂直反射率存在显著而稳定的品种间差异,与颈穗弯曲度呈极显著的正相关,与比叶重和叶宽呈显著或极显著的负相关,与叶面积指数的关系有待进一步研究。【结论】颈穗弯曲度是影响冠层垂直反射率的主要因素,进一步揭示了直立穗型水稻品种产量潜力高的生理基础。

水稻直立穗型的遗传及其对籼稻农艺性状的影响

以直立穗型品系G 83和弯曲穗型温敏核雄性不育系培矮64S为材料进行杂交、测交,获得F1、TC1和F2群体,研究穗型的遗传规律及穗型与茎叶形态性状、穗部性状的关系。结果表明,水稻直立穗型遗传受一对核主效基因控制,直立穗型相对弯曲穗型为显性;直立穗型植株较矮,剑叶短而宽,穗、穗颈节间较短,而弯曲穗型则相反;不同穗型植株有效穗数差异不显著,直立穗型植株的每穗粒数极显著高于弯曲穗型植株,而千粒重、结实率、单株产量则极显著低于弯曲穗型植株。

直立穗型水稻群体小气候环境研究

测定了直立穗型和弯曲穗型水稻群体的小气候环境。结果表明 ,直立穗群体内 (1)光分布比较均匀 ,尤其中上部光环境明显改善 ;(2 )群体内温度高于弯曲穗群体 ,湿度低于弯穗群体 ,有利于光合效率的提高 ;(3)群体上部CO2 浓度高于弯穗群体 ,中下部低于弯穗群体 ,说明直立穗群体上部通透性好 。

利用远缘杂交培育半匍匐密枝型高产花生新品系

花生是我国重要的油料作物。为将野生花生的优异基因导入栽培花生,采用远缘杂交方法,将黑花生(A.hypogaeaL.)与野生花生A.monticola进行杂交,获得一个高产株系。该株系平均单株产量为普通花生的4倍,株型由亲本黑花生的直立、疏枝型转变为半匍匐、密枝型。另外,该株系生育期稍长,花量大,花色深,荚果数量多,单枝有效结果范围大约20~25cm。不同株系间荚果果型差异明显,大部分株系果型与黑花生相似。种皮颜色由粉到紫各不相同。种子大小差异明显。研究认为利用半匍匐密枝株型培育高产花生品系(种)是可行的。