Detection of Burned Areas through Spectral Indices Analysis of Sentinel-2A Satellite Images in the Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve (Central, Côte D’Ivoire)

In Côte d’Ivoire, the recurring and unregulated use of bushfires, which cause ecological damage, presents a pressing concern for the custodians of protected areas. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of burnt areas within the Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve (AWR) by employing the analysis of spectral indices derived from satellite imagery. The research methodology began with the calculation of mean indices and their corresponding spectral sub-indices, including NDVI, SAVI, NDWI, NDMI, BAI, NBR, TCW, TCG, and TCB, utilizing data from the Sentinel-2A satellite image dated January 17, 2022. Subsequently, a fuzzy classification model was applied to these various indices and sub-indices, guided by the degree of membership α, with the goal of effectively distinguishing between burned and unburned areas. Following the classification, the accuracies of the classified indices and sub-indices were validated using the coordinates of 100 data points collected within the AWR through GPS technology. The results revealed that the overall accuracy of all indices and sub-indices declines as the degree of membership α decreases from 1 to 0. Among the mean spectral indices, NDVI-mean, SAVI-mean, NDMI-mean exhibited the highest overall accuracies, achieving 97%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. These results closely mirrored those obtained by sub-indices using band 8 (NDVI-B8, SAVI-B8, and NDMI-B8), which yield respective overall accuracies of 93%, 92%, and 89%. At a degree of membership α = 1, the estimated burned areas for the most effective indices encompassed 2144.38 hectares for NDVI-mean, 1932.14 hectares for mean SAVI-mean, and 4947.13 hectares for mean NDMI-mean. A prospective approach involving the amalgamation of these three indices could have the potential to yield improved outcomes. This study could be a substantial contribution to the discrimination of bushfires in Côte d’Ivoire.

Evaluation Indicator System of Low-carbon Landscape in Residential Areas: A Case Study of Garden Plant Landscape

Garden plant landscape is one of the main contents of low-carbon landscape design in residential areas. From the basic theory of garden plant landscaping, we put forth five principles and ideas concerning the building of evaluation indicator system of garden plant landscape, to establish the indicator system with ecological quality, recreational function and aesthetic effect as three layers. According to the characteristics of evaluation system, we use qualitative and quantitative integration method, coupled with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert consulting method, to determine the weight of various factors. And we use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to test this indicator system, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research on evaluation indicator system of low-carbon landscape.

A study on zooplankton distribution patterns and indicator species in Kuroshio upstream area and adjacent East China Sea

On the basis of the data of zooplankton biomass and three major taxa—— Copepoda, Chaetognatha andSiphonophora of May-June 1986, July-August and December 1987, the distributional patterns and the indicator species of zooplankton in the Kuroshio and adjacent waters of the East China Sea are preliminarily studied. The results are as follows:The horizontal distribution of zooplankton biomass and the abundance of copepods, chaetognaths and siphonophores arecurred in the continent area northwest of Taiwan and the south-centre section of the East China Sea continent, which are the mix front of different waters. Zooplankton in the water area inside of Ryukyu Islands presented low abundance and high diversity. There are clear seasonal variations in zooplankton biomass and abundance in the study area. The strength or weakness of different water masses and fronts is the basic reason for the variations of zooplankton biomass and abundance.The species composition of zooplankton in the study area is complex and varies, however, the tropic oceanic species predominates overwhelmingly. The distribution of different ecotype species evidences the distribution of different water masses and the state of mixture. The indicator species of each water mass are listed in the paper so as to provide grounds for the variation of currents in the Kuroshio area.The temperature and salinity of sea water are important factors affecting zooplankton distribution, composition and diversity , however the role of salinity is major. With the replacement of one season by another, the correlative levels of temperature and salinity to various zooplankton taxa are more or less significant.

Antimicrobial Resistance Encountered in Garbage Collection Areas and Dumpsites in Nairobi, Kenya Using <i>Escherichia coli</i>and <i>Klebsiella</i>as Indicator Species

Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and garbage collection areas. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of garbage collection areas and dumpsites in different parts of Nairobi as possible sources of resistant strains using E. coli and Klebsiella as indicator species. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Sample collection was carried out at different days in seventeen different areas. A total of 126 samples were collected during the sampling period. The samples were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining was done on discrete isolates based on colony characteristics. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from primary cultures for final identification of the isolates. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests and pathogenicity tests were also carried out on the indicator isolates. A total of 121 E. coli and 165 Klebsiella were isolated from all the sampled sites. The highest bacterial burden was recorded from Muthurwa estate dumpsite, with a mean viable count of 8.2 × 1010 cfu/gm while the least was from Dandora dumpsite with a mean count of 1.1 × 1011 cfu/gm. Overall, gentamicin was the most effective antibacterial agent on Klebsiella and meropenem was the most effective on both E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that municipal waste dumpsites and garbage collection areas bear heavy burdens of potentially resistant bacteria which may constitute major public health hazards, not only to the immediate communities but also to the families of such site workers.

Study on the Meiofauna Community Structure in Sajafi Shores as the Bio-Indicator of Environmental Pollution

In order to investigate the health of the coastal environments, we collected Meiofauna assemblages along intertidal muddy shores of Sajafi in the northwest of Persian Gulf in two seasons (February 2013 and July 2014) from three horizontal transects. Meiofauna are the metazoan components of the benthos, defined by their body size (<500 μm) and are the most diversified elements of the marine biota. They are so sensitive against adverse environmental changes and represent the ecological conditions. Environmental factors (temperature, salinity, DO, and pH), diversity and distribution of Meiofauna and their relationship with each other and with the grain size and TOM in both cold and warm seasons were evaluated. In this study, 56 meiofaunal species were identified in which foraminifera were abundant. The result of Shannon-Wiener in summer 2014 showed the highest value (H' = 3.148) while the lowest value occurred in winter 2014 (H' = 1.5). At the same time, the highest and lowest values of Simpson index (λ) were 0.43 and 0.05 respectively. Sajafi area, according to the Welch model, has a moderate (H' = 1 - 3) to unpolluted (H' > 3) condition compared to neighboring regions.

Distribution of indicator dinoflagellates in the East China Sea

-The material discussed in this paper is from four cruises which were carried out in May -June, 1986 (spring), July -August, 1987(summer) .October -November, 1988(autumn)and December, 1987(winter)respectively. Identified dinoflagellates were 141 species (including varieties and forms) belonging to 18 genera.According to the distribution and ecological characteristics of dinoflagellates species, we can divide them into three groups: 1) Hyporhaline-neritic group: they are distributed only in type Ⅲ and typeⅣ water and they perform an evident function indicating continental coast water; 2) Eurythermic-euryhaline group represented by Protoperidinium depressum, Gentium fusus, etc. They are fond of perching in mixing water which character is similar to that of coast water even though they are distributed in different water systems; 3) Hyperthermic-hyperhaline group: on the basis of varying degrees to which they tolerate temperature and salinity, we can divide them into two sub-groups: euryhyperthermic-euryhyperha-line subgroup and stenohyperthermic- stenohyperhaline subgroup. The first subgroup is represented by Pyrocystis pseudoxoctiluca whose adaptability reaction occurred with the changing of hydrographic environment. The second subgroup is tropic oceanic species which can serve as a good indicator for Kuroshio in the East China Sea. Its biological boundary coincides well with the hydrographic boundary of Kuroshio water.

Body Size as an Indicator of Health for Green Turtles at the TCMP （Tobago Cays Marine Park）, Eastern Caribbean

Gazetted in 1997, The TCMP （Tobago Cays Marine Park） is the only marine protected area within the territorial boundaries of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Sea turtles are an important species in TCMP, and because their globally endangered status have become the focus of an in-water monitoring program, primarily for green turtles （Chelonia mydas）. Preliminary assessment indicated that the TCMP contains an important foraging aggregation of sub-adult green turtles. Since then two additional years of data has been collected; this data was analyzed to assess the health of the turtle population. The data also indicated that the weight was predictable according to carapace width and length and that the population is dominated by larger sub-adults.

Current Protection of Geographical Indication Specialties in Anqing Area and Future Development Strategies

Current protection of geographical indications of specialty resources in Anqing area was introduced,development strategies for intellectual property right protection of geographical indications in the city were explored from the perspectives of protection of intangible cultural heritage,cultivation of high-quality specialties,technical specifications and quality control,poverty alleviation through industrial development.

Geographical Indication Protection and Brand Cultivation of Hefeng Tea in Wuling Mountain Area

Located in Wuling mountain area which is the main battlefield for poverty alleviation in the new stage,Hefeng County of Hubei Province has been recognized as a " National Key Tea-producing County in 2013"( ranking 17th) and one of the " Top Ten Ecological Rea Counties of China in 2012". As the first county of tea export in Hubei Province,it has been awarded the " Town of the Chinese Tea" certificate by the State Forestry Bureau. This paper introduced the characteristics of geographical indication and the current situation of brand of Hefeng Tea. Later,it analyzed its geographical indication protection and brand cultivation strategies and puts forward 9 suggestions.

盐胁迫对春茄6号茄子幼苗叶面积及生理生化指标的影响

茄子是世界四大蔬菜作物之一,其周年供应主要依靠设施化栽培技术。然而,设施栽培因常年大量施用化肥和不合理灌溉等因素导致土壤次生盐碱化,这将严重影响蔬菜的生长发育和设施农业的可持续发展。因此,本试验以春茄6号幼苗为试验材料,研究0、50、100、150 mmol/L这4个浓度NaCl盐胁迫对春茄6号叶面积和抗氧化酶含量的影响,并分别在第0天、第3天、第6天和第9天记录叶面积,同时测定了丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的含量。结果表明:随着盐胁迫浓度逐渐上升,春茄6号幼苗叶面积增长逐渐缓慢,在150 mol/L浓度NaCl处理下春茄6号幼苗叶面积生长量最低;NaCl盐胁迫对春茄6号幼苗叶片的叶面积及MDA、SOD、POD和CAT含量均会产生抑制。不同NaCl浓度对春茄6号幼苗的抑制效果表现为150 mmol/L>100 mmol/L>50 mmol/L>0 mmol/L。

宁波都市区森林城市群建设现状、发展指标与总体布局——基于中欧合作研究的城市群森林建设规划

区域是生态环境的共同体,需要协同在城市群尺度推进森林城市群建设。基于对宁波都市区森林城市群建设现状的分析,结合上位规划要求及国内外经验,构建包括7项一级指标(生态资源总量、生态网络、生态保护修复、生物多样性、生态文化、生态福利、区域协同)、24项二级指标的宁波都市区森林城市群建设指标体系;同时,立足宁波都市区现状与发展目标,形成都市区“两山三湾一岛链”,中心区“两屏一区、多廊多点”,生态建设核心区“绿心、绿隔、绿核、绿廊、绿网、绿园”的森林城市群分层布局。研究结果不仅对宁波都市区森林城市群的落地建设具有指导作用,也对我国其他地区森林城市群建设具有重要的参考价值。

不同气象干旱指数在北疆绿洲农业区适用性分析

选取北疆绿洲农业区11个气象站1961—2020年的数据,按月尺度计算降水距平百分率(PA)、标准化降水指数(SPI)、标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)、K指数和气象干旱综合指数(MCI)5种干旱指数,通过比较这些指数的相关性、不同等级的干旱发生频率以及在典型干旱年份的识别能力,分析各指数在该区域的适用性。结果表明,PA和SPI对降水亏缺有敏感的反应,但对温度的关联较弱,未充分考虑增温对干旱的影响;MCI与温度和降水的关联均较弱,倾向于低估重旱和特旱;SPEI和K指数与温度和降水均有较好的关联,但K指数过多地报告中度至重度干旱,而SPEI则全面考虑了温度和降水对干旱的综合影响,其结果更符合实际情况。由于SPEI计算蒸散发采用的Thornthwaite方法可能高估了温度对干旱的影响,在降水显著偏少、温度偏差较小的情况下,SPI的监测结果可能比SPEI更为严重,因此,建议结合SPI使用,以弥补这一不足。

小区域尺度视角下的丽江市玉河健康特征研究

随着社会发展,工业化、城镇化进程不断加快,河湖生态问题日益突出且呈现更复杂的发展态势,进行河湖健康评价,开展河湖健康问题诊断,针对性地提出河湖生态系统精准治理、生态修复与保护等对策显的尤为迫切.结合丽江市典型河流玉河,以水域岸线状况、水量水质状况、生物状况、社会服务功能等4个准则层为重要抓手,构建11个指标层的河流健康评价体系,将玉河划分为农村段、城镇段、复合段3个小区域尺度进行综合评价,探讨了小区域尺度河流健康评价差异性特征,研究表明:玉河全河段、各分段均处于亚健康状态,玉河农村段、复合段、各城镇段岸线部分指标层、准则层间健康状况差异性显著,主要存在水资源禀赋差,生态流量小,底栖动物少,局部岸线状况较差的问题.

云南省生态环境质量与生态修复区识别

[目的]分析云南省生态环境时空变化,识别生态修复优先序,为该省低碳的可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]基于遥感生态指数(RSEI)研究生态环境质量时空变化及空间相关性,与区域生态系统碳储量及生态保护红线结合识别云南省生态修复优先序。[结果]①22 a间云南省RSEI均值呈S形变化趋势,分别以2005年和2011年作为上升和下降的拐点。②2000—2022年空间上生态环境质量均表现为“西高东低”的态势,西部地区生态环境质量较好,而中部城市群及东部喀斯特地区生态环境质量较差。③2000—2005年受退耕还林政策的影响生态环境质量变好。2005—2011年则因旱灾和建设用地的剧烈扩张导致生态环境质量大幅下降。2011—2016年是旱灾后恢复时段,除中部城市化快速发展地区外,其他地区生态环境质量在逐渐恢复。2016—2022年受国家政策的影响,生态环境质量进一步变好。④云南省生态环境质量在空间上表现出明显的空间全局与局部自相关。⑤2000—2022年云南省碳储量呈先增加后减少的趋势,22 a间总碳储量减少2.38×10^(7)t,在空间上总体表现为“南北高,中间低”的地带性分布特征。⑥云南省生态修复极优先区主要分布在北部及东部地区,约占总面积的18.08%,生态修复优先区及中等优先区则分布较为广泛,约占总面积的70.17%。生态修复一般优先区主要位于普洱市等地,约占总面积的11.76%。[结论]云南省2000—2022年生态环境质量在时空上均呈现一定规律,在此基础上进行生态修复区划分,因地制宜地治理生态环境,推进云南省生态及低碳的可持续发展。

电力系统关键领域“卡脖子”技术评价研究

电力系统技术的发展关乎社会经济结构优化调整和国家安全的战略。目前我国电力行业正在快速发展,但在关键领域依然存在技术短板,亟需突破。为进一步识别、评价电力系统关键领域存在的“卡脖子”技术问题,本文基于电力系统的特征,构建关键领域“卡脖子”技术评价体系,并采用相关二手数据进一步识别和分析具体的“卡脖子”技术,为该系统未来技术突破提供方向性指导。

川滇地区地震活动图像异常统计特征研究

基于《中国震例》,梳理总结了1966—2018年川滇地区120次5级以上地震震前6种地震活动图像异常及特征参数,并提出了各异常的半定量预测指标。结果显示,川滇地区6种地震活动图像异常按次数排序依次为:震前显著事件88次,地震平静42次,地震空区39次,地震条带25次,地震窗24次,震群11次;其中,4项异常多出现在中强震前的中短期阶段,多数中强震发生在这些异常区内及其附近地区;部分特征参数与中强震之间存在较好的线性关系,但在实际应用中还需结合其他观测异常来综合判定震情趋势。

祁连山国家公园煤矿修复对地表节肢动物多样性的影响

高寒山区煤矿覆土回填和种植草本植物能够快速改善环境,强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性及其生态功能,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应还会因海拔及放牧扰动强度的变化而异。选择祁连山国家公园甘肃片区中部西营河和东大河保护站煤矿修复区和毗邻草地(对照区)为研究对象,利用陷阱法调查煤矿修复区及对照区地表节肢动物的种类组成和数量变化,解析地表节肢动物群落及关键类群对煤矿修复的响应模式,确定影响地表节肢动物多样性变化的关键要素。结果表明,煤矿修复缩小了修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落差异,但煤矿修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落组成明显不同并存在地域差异。西营河煤矿修复显著提高了地表节肢动物活动密度,而东大河保护站煤矿修复导致地表节肢动物活动密度略有降低,地表节肢动物类群丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数变化与活动密度相反。主要地表节肢动物科对煤矿矿区修复的响应模式不同并存在区域差异,西营河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了平腹蛛科、微蛛亚科和隐翅虫科的活动密度,但显著降低了硬体盲蛛科和象甲科的活动密度;东大河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了步甲科活动密度,但降低了蚁科和狼蛛科的活动密度。pRDA排序结果表明,海拔高度和全氮含量解释了西营河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区20.8%的地表节肢动物群落变异;草本地上生物量和海拔高度解释了东大河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区24.3%的地表节肢动物群落变异。总之,高寒山区人工覆土和植被建设引起的植被和土壤环境变化强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应存在明显的区域差异,地表节肢动物多样性可以指示和评估煤矿修复效果。

基于结构光场辅助的面阵定位投影标示技术研发

以一套数字光处理面阵投影装置和一个工业相机作为基本硬件平台,研发了三维定位标示原型系统i-Guider,阐述了i-Guider系统的工作原理和关键技术。在数字光处理投影仪中固化一组正弦相移条纹结构光图像,将投影仪作为逆成像装置,在结构光场的辅助下利用一块平面标定板实现相机–投影仪内外参数的精确标定。对于三维数模上的曲线轮廓、操作说明等操作信息,提出一种现场自动生成标示信息定位投影图像的方法,并通过HDMI端口将现场生成的标示信息投影图像传递给面阵投影仪,实现操作信息在三维工件实物上的精确定位标示。以一个机身蒙皮试验件为对象,开展了蒙皮定位钻铆三维标示试验,结果表明,i-Guider系统定位投影标示精度在0.25 mm以内,且具有良好的三维定位标示效果。

极端天气下三峡库区土地利用对河流水质的多时空尺度影响

为探究极端天气下流域内水质对土地利用的响应关系,本研究基于不同空间尺度(1000 m河段缓冲区、500 m河岸带缓冲区及子流域)的土地利用指数以及旱季(2019年11月)、雨季-洪水期(2020年7月)和雨季-干旱期(2022年8月)的水质数据,探究流域内土地利用对水质的多时空尺度影响,从而得到保护流域水质和规划流域内土地利用格局的最佳时空尺度和对水质影响最显著的预测因子。研究表明:(1)流域水质受极端天气影响,降雨会增强水体的稀释能力,高温会加快水中微生物反应速率,具体表现为雨季-洪水期的水质较好,雨季-干旱期次之,旱季较差。(2)土地利用对水质指标的影响存在时空尺度效应,土地利用在子流域和旱季尺度下对河流水质影响最显著。(3)不同土地利用指数对流域水质影响存在差异,耕地、林地、斑块密度、最大斑块指数和边缘密度是影响水质指标最显著的解释变量。其中林地与多数水质指标具有负相关关系,建设用地、耕地、斑块密度与较多水质指标存在正相关关系。本研究结果为合理规划土地利用格局以及保护河流水质提供科学依据,对三峡库区环境可持续发展及生态保护具有一定意义。

基于突变理论和模糊数学的湖库型水源地风险评价

为科学评估湖库型水源地风险评价等级,以茂名市电白区罗坑水库水源地为例,从水要素、管理要素、社会经济要素3方面构建了湖库型水源地风险评价指标体系,并确定各指标的评价标准,基于突变理论和模糊数学构建了风险评价模型。结果表明:水源地风险等级与水源地建设投入关系密切。自2018年罗坑水库水源地划为饮用水水源地以来,随着水源地建设投入的加大和保护力度的增强,水源地风险逐渐降低。2018-2022年,罗坑水库水源地风险评价等级依次为较高风险、较高风险、中风险、较低风险、较低风险;尽管现在罗坑水库风险较低,但后续罗坑水库仍需加大投入力度,提高水源地管理、监控和应急水平、进一步降低风险等级。