A New Class of Nonlinear Error Control Codes Based on Neural Networks

By mcans of stable attractors of discret Hopfield neural network (DHNN) , anew class of nonlinear error control codes is sugsested and some relativetheorems are presented. A kind of single error control codes is also given forillustrating this new approach.

Error code analysis and selection principle of M-ary modulation in network-based control systems

Error codes induced by M-ary modulation and modulation selection in network-based control systems are studied.It is the first time the issue of error codes induced by M-ary modulation is addressed in control field.In network-based control systems,error codes induced by noisy channel can significantly decrease the quality of control.To solve this problem,the network-based control system with delay and noisy channel is firstly modeled as an asynchronous dynamic system(ADS).Secondly,conditions of packet with error codes(PEC)loss rate by using M-ary modulation are obtained based on dynamic output feedback scheme.Thirdly,more importantly,the selection principle of M-ary modulation is proposed according to the measured signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and conditions of PEC loss rate.Finally,system stability is analyzed and controller is designed through Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality(LMI)scheme,and numerical simulations are made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Power control scheme for multiple antenna systems with space-time coding in Rayleigh fading channels

Two optimal power control （PC） schemes under the power constraint for space-time coded multiple input multiple output systems over the flat Rayleigh fading channel with the imperfect channel state information （CSI） are presented. One is based on the minimization of a bit error rate （BER）, and the other is based on the maximization of a fuzzy signal-to-noise ratio. In these schemes, different powers are allocated to individual transmit an- tennas rather than equal power in the conventional one. For the first scheme, the optimal PC procedure is developed. It is shown that the Lagrange multiplier for the constrained optimization in the power control does exist and is unique. A practical iterative algorithm based on Newton＇s method for finding the Lagrange multiplier is proposed. In the second scheme, some existing schemes are included, and a suboptimal PC procedure is developed by means of the asymptotic performance analysis. With this suboptimal scheme, a simple PC calculation formula is provided, and thus the calculation of the PC will be straightforward. Moreover, the suboptimal scheme has the BER performance close to the optimal scheme. Simulation results show that the two PC schemes can provide BER lower than the equal PC and antenna selection scheme under the imperfect CSI.

Digital Image Watermarking Based on Mixed Error Correcting Code

In this paper, we present a novel technique based on a mixed Error Correcting Code(ECC)-the convolutional code and the repetition code to enhance the robustness of the embedded watermark. Before embedding, the binary watermark is scanned to one-dimension sequence and later inputted into the (3, 1, 2) convolutional encoder and (3, 1) repetition encoder frame by frame, which will improve the error correcting capability of decoder. The output code sequence is scanned to some matrixes as the new watermark messages. The watermarking is selected in low frequency band of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and therefore it can resist the destruction of image processing. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the robustness of a watermark with mixed ECC is much higher than the traditional one just with repetition coding while suffering JPEG lossy compression, salt and pepper noise and center cutting processing.

Effectiveness and failure modes of error correcting code in industrial 65 nm CMOS SRAMs exposed to heavy ions

Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results show that the ECC did improve the performance dramatically,with the SEU cross sections of SRAMs with ECC being at the order of 10^(-11) cm^2/bit,two orders of magnitude higher than that without ECC(at the order of 10^(-9) cm^2/bit).Also,ineffectiveness of ECC module,including 1-,2- and 3-bits errors in single word(not Multiple Bit Upsets),was detected.The ECC modules in SRAMs utilizing(12,8) Hamming code would lose work when 2-bits upset accumulates in one codeword.Finally,the probabilities of failure modes involving 1-,2- and 3-bits errors,were calcaulated at 39.39%,37.88%and 22.73%,respectively,which agree well with the experimental results.

Error Resilient Video Communication Based on Picture Level Adaptive Frame / Field Coding

Packet loss protection method based on picture level adaptive frame /field coding (PAFF)was presented. Firstly,the end-to-end rate-distortion analysis for PAFF on the current frame was performed. Secondly,in order to evaluate the severity of error propagation in the following frames,the error propagation intensity and human visual quality sensitivity of different areas were taken into consideration. It was followed by the quantification of relative importance. Finally,the proper coding mode was chosen utilizing an unequal comparison procedure. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) up to 0. 9 dB and 1. 6 dB comparing with the field only and the dispersed flexible macro-block ordering (FMO)only methods respectively.

一种基于flash的硬件ECC设计原理及实现

为应对芯片中因工艺问题、时序偏差、电路不稳定等因素导致的flash位翻转,设计一种基于144位flash的硬件ECC。该ECC是基于144位flash设计的专用ECC,支持128位数据中1位错误检测纠正、2位错误检测和记录错误地址等功能;对2位以上错误也可做大概率检测。通过仿真实验,逐一验证功能的效果和可靠性,并通过FPGA原型验证。本设计的ECC对数据的检测纠正无需CPU处理,也无需软件处理,增强了flash和系统的可靠性,具有一定的应用价值。

基于ECC和HFE的纠错密码构造

纠错密码是一种利用纠错码体制来实现纠错和加密双重功能的一种密码体制。大部分已知的纠错密码从变换的角度看是一种对明文的线性变换。从密码分析的角度看,由于不具有非线性变换,密码的混淆能力不强,容易被攻击。利用纠错码(Error-Correction Code,ECC)改造基本HFE(Hidden Field Equations)密码算法,所得的新密码算法具有纠错和加密功能,而且因其具有概率密码特性以及建立在MQ困难问题之上,具有很高的安全强度。

ECC技术在大容量智能Smart Media卡上的应用

分析了Smart Media(SM)智能卡的使用现状,特别是大容量SM卡数据存储系统的关键技术问题。提出利用ECC编码技术在SM卡实现DOS文件系统的ECC编码,从而解决大容量SM卡在实际应用中的关键技术问题。

快速识读QRCode码

QR Code码除了具有其他二维条码的优点以外 ,还可超高速全方位识读 ,并有效表示汉字。介绍了二维条码 QR Code码的特点、编码和译码方法。该 QR

Frame loss error concealment for SVC

Scalable video coding (SVC), as the Scalable Extension of H.264/AVC, is an ongoing international video coding standard designed for network adaptive or device adaptive applications and also offers high coding efficiency. However, packet losses often occur over unreliable networks even for base layer of SVC and have severe impact on the playback quality of compressed video. Until now, no literature has discussed error concealment support for standard SVC bit-stream. In this paper, we provide robust and effective error concealment techniques for SVC with spatial scalability. Experimental results showed that the proposed methods provide substantial improvement, both subjectively and objectively, without a significant complexity overhead.

Quality incentive based congestion control for multimedia communication over IP networks

In this paper we introduce a framework for using quality as an incentive to promote proper application level congestion control. Through integrating a joint-source channel coder and feedback-based congestion control scheme, we are able to construct accurate and efficient quality incentives. The framework is applicable in all network architectures where end-to-end congestion control may be used, and is as such not specific to either best-effort or traffic class-based architectures. The concept is presented along with preliminary simulations that highlight the resulting rate control accuracy. We also discuss how to implement some well-known congestion control schemes within our framework.

ELIMINATING SPEED PENALTIES IN ECC PROTECTED MEMORY DESIGNS USING “BIT BYPASSING” TECHNIQUES

In deep sub-micron ICs, growing amounts of on-die memory and scaling effects make embedded memories more vulnerable to reliability problems, such as soft errors induced by radiation. Error Correction Code(ECC) along with scrubbing is an efficient method for protecting memories against these errors. However, the latency of coding circuits brings speed penalties in high performance applications. This paper proposed a "bit bypassing" ECC protected memory by buffering the encoded data and adding an identifying address for the input data. The proposed memory design has been fabricated on a 130 nm CMOS process. According to the measurement, the proposed scheme only gives the minimum delay overhead of 22.6%, compared with other corresponding memories. Furthermore, heavy ion testing demonstrated the single event effects performance of the proposed memory achieves error rate reductions by 42.9 to 63.3 times.

基于正交拉丁方多位纠错算法的数据可靠性存储设计

地震勘探过程中采集点多数据量大,面对海量数据的存储与转发,需要配置安全性可靠性更高的存储设备与存储方法,以系统级加固为基础,设计了基于ECC(error correction codes)代理的大数逻辑可解正交拉丁方(OLS)编码方法,为每16个数据添加16个奇偶校验位,通过构建校验矩阵来纠正多位翻转错位。经过ZYNQ7000 FPGA平台的设计及仿真验证,排除了单事件扰乱、实现了多功能扰乱控制电路中单事件中断的保护、及单双错误的纠正。

基于Matlab/Simulink的线性分组码仿真分析

分析线性分组码的原理及特点,根据线性分组码差错控制通信系统的组成,利用Matlab/Simulink仿真技术实现基于线性分组码差错控制的通信系统的仿真建模与分析。仿真实验结果有助于学生直观地理解线性分组码的编码与译码工作原理、差错控制特点,以及检错、纠错的理论过程。

城轨列车逻辑控制装置控制软件编码防错技术研究

列车可编程逻辑控制单元产品应用现场采用分布式机箱架构,不同机箱使用不同编码进行区分。但编码易受应用现场环境干扰、编码器失效等因素影响,使车辆出现逻辑误动作。本文分析了编码识别错误问题的产生原因,针对编码采集值错误故障树分析了硬件失效、结构失效、软件采集过程失效等导致编码采集值错误的可能原因,并针对这些可能失效点,提出一套针对现场LCU编码的防错采集方法。目前LCU编码防错技术已成功应用于全国各地城轨列车可编程逻辑控制单元装车现场,应用情况良好。

分簇无线传感器网络中根校验全分集LDPC码设计与能效分析

高效的差错控制编码技术(ECC)可以增强无线传感器网络传输稳定性、网络的能量利用效率。为了充分利用无线传感器网络中蕴含的分集资源应对恶劣信道环境导致的高差错概率,该文研究了基于根校验全分集LDPC码的差错控制编码技术。首先,提出在分簇无线传感器网络中,基于根校验全分集LDPC码的编码方案;其次,设计了适用于所提方案的速率兼容全分集LDPC码字结构。最后,分析了所提编码系统的能效。仿真结果表明,在信道条件较差的环境中(仿真中,信道噪声大于44 10 m W-′),采用该文的编码方案,能够显著提高无线传感器网络的能效。

基于错误控制编码的差值扩展可逆数字水印

可逆数字水印能在水印提取后将含印载体恢复到无失真的原始状态。Tian的基于差值扩展隐藏算法是目前容量最高但含印载体质量偏低的可逆隐藏算法。针对Tian中过度修改像素对值造成含印图像质量不必要下降问题,该文提出了基于错误控制编码的差值扩展可逆数字水印算法。该算法将像素对仅分为I,II两类。嵌入、提取及恢复过程对称,实现相对简单,含印图像质量在容载较低时得到很大提高。

汉明(Hamming)码及其编译码算法的研究与实现

从差错控制编码理论的基本思想出发,在简要介绍汉明码编译原理的基础上,采用线性代数的方法,以矩阵为基本分析与设计工具,重点探讨了汉明码纠错的软件实现算法。并使用VB编制了程序,验证了算法的可行性,从而达到理论与实践的相融合。

基于直接序列扩频码的图像空间域水印技术

提出了一种基于直接序列扩频码的图像空间域水印方案.在建立数字图像水印的通信模型的基础上,通过生成原图的视觉掩模以充分保证图像的逼真度,在数字图像相应的空间域嵌入扩频码调制水印,同时利用纠错编码技术来进一步增强水印的抗干扰性能.水印的检测通过计算像差图像和原扩频码的相关性来实现.实验表明,该方案提高了数字水印的稳健性和隐蔽性,具有较好的主观效果.