Effects of error feedback on a nonlinear bistable system with stochastic resonance

In this paper, we discuss the effects of error feedback on the output of a nonlinear bistable system with stochastic resonance. The bit error rate is employed to quantify the performance of the system. The theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation are presented. By investigating the performances of the nonlinear systems with different strengths of error feedback, we argue that the presented system may provide guidance for practical nonlinear signal processing.

Improved time-interleaved error feedback delta sigma modulator for digital transmitter application

Time-interleaved structure can promote the equivalent processing speed of a digital signal processing system. An improved time-interleaved error feedback delta sigma modulator( TI-EF-DSM)for digital transmitter application is presented in this paper. Two TI-EF-DSMs are compared,one is a conventional directly implemented and the other is the improved. The processing speed of the proposed two-channel improved time-interleaved error feedback delta sigma modulator( ITI-EF-DSM) is higher than the conventional directly implemented TI-EF-DSM for shortened critical path. A digital transmitter based on the ITI-EF-DSM is implemented on field progrmmable gate array( FPGA). The long term evolution( LTE) signals with different bandwidths of 5 MHz,10 MHz and 20 MHz are used as the signal source to evaluate the transmitter. The achieved SNR is 41 dB for the 20 MHz LTE signal with the processing clock of only 184 MHz.

Error Feedback on Students' Writings by Chinese Tertiary Teachers of English

This study explores how error feedback is practiced by Chinese tertiary EFL teachers with its focus on the extent and modes of error feedback, types of focused errors, feedback strategies, and perceptions and attitudes of concern. Analysis of the data from questionnaires, interviews and sample writings indicates that error feedback was extensively practiced in both comprehensive and selective modes. When providing feedback, teachers tended to focus on diction problems and ill-formed sentences, and mainly used the strategies of ＂direct feedback＂ and ＂hinting at the location of errors＂. Despite their expectations on students to locate and correct errors, teachers were found more concerned with the immediate goal of helping students avoid making the same errors than helping them learn on their own. As for the students, they expected teachers to provide comprehensive error feedback and make frequent use of error codes. This paper finally points out that for more effective error feedback, various feedback strategies should be used by teachers and self-correction and peer review should be conducted by students.

Instructors' Debate over Error Feedback on Chinese International Students' Academic Writings in a U.S.University

As the number of Chinese international students studying in the U.S. has grown dramatically in recent years, there has been increasing attention to how English Composition instructors approach these students＇ writings. Using a dialogue format representing ＂narratives of classroom life＂ （Nelson, 2011a）, this paper demonstrates two polemic views held by teachers and researchers： one view sees students＇ language use as problematic as it differs from the expected standards required for academic success in the U.S., while the other calls for more tolerance of the students＇ linguistic and cultural diversity and accordingly, more strategic ways to give ＂error feedback.＂ By opening up the debate, the paper explores possibilities for teachers in the U.S. and around the world to help their students address the gap between academic expectations, and what they are currently capable of.

Error Correction and Feedback in Second Language Acquisition

This paper is aimed at investigating the different ways of English teachers correcting errors in second language acquisition in classroom and offering constructive pedagogical proposal on error correction in oral English class. Transcripts totaling450 minutes of classroom interaction taken from 5 non-native English classes of different types(reading, writing, speaking, and integrated English learning) were analyzed on error correction and feedback in second language acquisition. Results include the frequency and distribution of the six different feedback types used by five teachers. The findings here illustrate an overwhelming tendency for teachers to use recasts in class. Four other feedback types-elicitation, metalinguistic feedback, clarification request,and repetition—lead to student-generated repair more successfully and are thus able to initiate what the authors characterize as the negotiation of form.

Discussion about the Side Effect of Error Corrective Feedback and Possible Alternatives to Error Correction

Feedbacks given by teachers is possibly a common instruction in second language writing classes, to help students makeprogress in writing. At one time, feedback was almost entirely at a superficial level--identifying the grammatical errors and givingthe correct form. However, recently, this type of feedback has begun to be challenged by some researchers(eg.,Krashen, 1984, Trus-cott, 1996),who argue that teachers should be more concerned with the content of essay instead of grammatical errors. This essaywill discuss some research surrounding feedback to students' writing and will try to find the answer to the question whether the er-ror corrective feedback should be abandoned. In order to find the answer, the essay will elaborate on two parts: some literary reviewabout the issue and some suggested solutions to the issue.

Feedback-based unequal error protection fountain code over device-to-device broadcast

To enhance encoding efficiency, an unequal error protection （UEP） broadcast scheme based on one additional feedback is proposed. Different from the equal probability selection for source packets in traditional fountain encoding, the proposed scheme calculates the packet loss ratio （PLR） according to the feedback results in systematic broadcast phase （SBP） and then optimizes the selection probability for source packets to guarantee higher level error protection for those source packets with larger PLRs. Thus the amount of unnecessarily redundant encoded packets during encoding broadcast phase （EBP） is decreased significantly. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can recover 60% more packets than the traditional non-feedback broadcast scheme at the ex- pense of tolerably only one feedback procedure.

Quantitative feedback theory and zero phase error tracking control combined robust control for radar truck leveling simulator

Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this paper, which suffers from strong nonlinearities and system parameter uncertainties. QFT can reduce the plant uncertainties and stabilize the system, but it fails to obtain high-precision tracking. This drawback can be solved by a robust QFT control scheme based on zero phase error tracking control (ZPETC) compensation. The combined controller not only possesses high robustness, but greatly improves the system performance. To verify the effiectiveness and the potential of the proposed controller, a series of experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated its robustness against a large range of parameters variation and high tracking precision performance, as well as its capability of restraining the load coupling among channels. The combined QFT controller can drive the radar truck leveling platform accurately, quickly and stably.

Dual loop feedback pre-distortion in satellite communication

Since the satellite communication goes in the trend of high-frequency and fast speed, the coefficients updating and the precision of the traditional pre-distortion feedback methods need to be further improved. On this basis, this paper proposes dual loop feedback pre-distortion, which uses two first-order Volterra filter models to reduce the computing complexity and a dynamic error adjustment model to construct a revised feedback to ensure a better pre-distortion performance. The computation complexity, iterative convergence speed and precision of the proposed method are theoretically analyzed. Simulation results show that this dual loop feedback pre-distortion can speed the updating of coefficients and ensure the linearity of the amplifier output.

Structural scheme and theory behind feedback compensation of new parallel machine tools

Analyses the errors of new parallel machine tools and presents a structural scheme for feedback compensation of machine tools to eliminate these errors, the theory behind and the relation between direction consine of normal vector of the workpiece surface and the rotation angles α,β,γ of the cutter head.

QFT control based on zero phase error compensation for flight simulator

To improve the robustness of high-precision servo systems, quantitative feedback theory （QFT） which aims to achieve a desired robust design over a specified region of plant uncertainty is proposed. The robust design problem can be solved using QFT but it fails to guarantee a high precision tracking. This problem is solved by a robust digital QFT control scheme based on zero phase error （ZPE） feed forward compensation. This scheme consists of two parts： a QFT controller in the closed-loop system and a ZPE feed-forward compensator. Digital QFT controller is designed to overcome the uncertainties in the system. Digital ZPE feed forward controller is used to improve the tracking precision. Simulation and real-time examples for flight simulator servo system indicate that this control scheme can guarantee both high robust performance and high position tracking precision.

Cooperative Beamforming for Multi-Relay Networks with Limited Feedback

In this paper, we consider a multi-relay cooperative communication network that consists of a source node transmitting to its destination with the help of multiple decode-and- forward (DF) relays. Specifically, the DF relays that succeed in decoding the source signal are allowed to re-transmit their decoded results simultaneously to the destination in a cooperative beamforming manner. In order to carry out the cooperative beamforming, the destination needs to send the quantized channel state information (CSI) to the relays through a limited feedback channel in the face of channel quantization errors (CQE). We propose a CQE oriented multi-relay beamforming (MRB) scheme, denoted CQE-MRB for short, for the sake of improving the throughput of relay-destination transmissions. An effective throughput defined as the difference between the transmission rate and the feedback rate is used to measure an outage probability of the source-destination transmission. Simulation results demonstrate that the outage performance of proposed CQEMRB scheme is improved substantially with an increasing number of relays. Moreover, it is shown that the number of channel quantization bits can be further optimized to minimize the outage probability of proposed CQE-MRB scheme.

基于自抗扰方法的无人机控制律设计

针对多平台、多任务的无人机飞行控制律的快速开发问题,提出一种基于自抗扰方法的无人机控制律架构,设计了可复用的扩展状态观测器及微分跟踪器,研究对比了其在3种具有较大差异的无人机平台中的应用,使7 000 kg的超音速UAV_A获得了更优的敏捷性结果,在60 kg的缩比UAV_B完成了5.8g的半滚倒转大过载机动飞行试验,基于10 kg的平直翼UAV_C实现了12架机紧编队的精确轨迹控制飞行试验。仿真及试飞结果表明:所提自抗扰控制结构响应快速、控制精度高、鲁棒性强,能够较好地适应多类无人机、面向多种任务场景的控制需求,且不需调参就能够获得较好的控制效果,为飞行控制算法设计提供了新的技术途径。

矿用无人运输车辆精准停靠控制算法

以无人驾驶矿用运输车为平台,开展精准停靠控制试验研究。为尽可能精确地到达期望停靠位置,首先设计距离-速度规划方案,在此基础上提出1种前馈加反馈的执行器开度控制算法;其次,在底层控制中考虑加速度补偿项,并对制动切换逻辑进行优化;最后进行仿真测试和实车试验,通过测试纠正控制参数,避免掉烦琐的系统参数辨识。结果表明:采用精准停靠策略能降低干扰引起的速度波动,优化底层控制逻辑,有效提高停靠精度。

Effect of DFE error propagation and its mitigation using MUX-based FEC interleaving for 400 GbE electrical link

This paper evaluates the effect of decision feedback equalizer( DFE) error propagation for400 Gb/s Ethernet( 400 GbE) electrical link in order to propose some effective methods to improve bit error rate( BER). First,an analytical model for DFE burst error length distribution is proposed and simulated based on a NRZ electrical link in which a 5-tap DFE combined with a multiple-tap feed forward equalizer( FFE) is included. Then,a detailed derivation for BER considering DFE error propagation is given based on the distribution of burst error run length and the BER performance with and without forward error correction( FEC) is simulated too. After that,this paper investigates several MUX-based FEC interleaving methods including their complexity and latency in order to improve BER further. At last,three FEC interleaving schemes are compared not only in interleaving gain,but also in hardware complexities and latencies. Simulation results show that pre-interleave bit muxing can obtain good tradeoff between BER and complexity for 400 Gb E electrical link.

基于PSO-BP神经网络的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪

针对分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪精度差、耗时较长的问题,研究基于粒子群算法-反向传播(particle swarm optimization-back propagation,PSO-BP)神经网络的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪方法,以提升视觉反馈跟踪效果。依据分拣机器人的视觉反馈信息,建立分拣机器人运动学模型,并求解分拣机器人机械臂输出位置和输入位置的误差函数;利用PSO算法优化BP神经网络的权值与偏置;在权值与偏置优化后的BP神经网络内,输入误差函数,预测分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪控制量;利用预测视觉反馈跟踪控制量,在线调整增量式比例-积分-微分(proportional-integral-derivative,PID)的参数,输出高精度的分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪控制量,实现分拣机器人视觉反馈跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法可有效视觉反馈跟踪分拣机器人机械臂的关节角;存在干扰情况下,在运行时间为10 s左右时,阶跃响应趋于稳定;有干扰情况下,视觉反馈跟踪的平均误差为0.09 cm,耗时平均值为0.10 ms;无干扰情况下,平均误差为0.03 cm,耗时平均值为0.04 ms。

水声网络不等差错保护的避环ROFC-LF码算法与分析

随着智慧海洋的发展,水声网络多媒体数据的传输受到学者关注.水声网络高度动态的拓扑导致相邻节点数据传输不完整,压缩的水下图像或视频等数据对重建数据的质量有不同影响,因此水声网络需要具有不等差错保护(Unequal Error Protection,UEP)的编码机制来编解码重要性不等的多媒体数据.递归与限制反馈的在线喷泉码(Recursive Online Fountain Code with Limited Feedback,ROFC-LF)具有开销低、反馈少及编译码简单等特点,因此适用于水声网络.本文针对水声信道带宽窄、延时长及能量受限等特点,系统地分析了ROFC-LF编码机制建立阶段存在的环问题.针对ROFC-LF编码存在的环和无法提供UEP功能这两个问题,本文提出了两个优化目标.此外,还提出了具有不等差错保护的避环ROFC-LF编码机制.该编码机制减少了由于建立阶段最大组件存在环引起的无用编码包的数量,进而降低了网络能耗.不等差错保护的避环ROFC-LF编码机制在建立阶段和完成阶段分别采用权重策略和数据优先级策略来实现UEP特性,并利用随机图理论对该编码机制进行理论分析,理论结果和仿真实验结果一致.结果表明:该编码机制能够快速的恢复重要数据的同时,降低了编码包的数量,适用于网络拓扑结构动态变化的水声网络传输重要性不等的多媒体数据.

带有状态/输入量化的无人艇航向跟踪控制

[目的]针对水面无人艇(USV)的海上通信受限的问题,提出一种带有状态/输入量化的USV航向跟踪控制方法。[方法]基于反步法设计系统控制律,结合动态面技术降低虚拟控制律的计算量膨胀问题。对于控制系统中存在的不确定项及外界干扰,利用扩张状态观测器(ESO)进行估计。采用均匀量化器分别对控制系统中的状态变量和控制输入进行量化,且量化后的状态反馈信息仅用于跟踪控制。利用量化状态递归设计基于ESO的USV航向控制器,证明闭环控制系统中量化变量和非量化变量间误差的有界性。[结果]基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,提出了量化误差考量及闭环系统稳定性判定方法,严格证明了所设计的带有状态量化和输入量化的USV航向跟踪控制系统的稳定性,仿真实验验证了该控制策略的有效性。[结论]结果表明,所提方法可为USV航向跟踪控制提供借鉴。

Effective Error Correction in Writing in An EFLclassroom

Error correction in writing is effective in an English as a foreign language (EFL) learning context, as error correction is an essential means of accuracy improvement in EFL writing. Studies of error correction show that error correction is benefitial for EFL writers not only in the short term but also in the long run.

紧格式无模型自适应控制在四旋翼飞行器中的应用

为解决难以建立自适应离散变结构控制的受控系统数学模型问题,提出一类改进的基于紧格式离散时间非线性系统的无模型自适应控制(ICF-MFAC)方法。首先,在仅有一项时变积分项的CF-MFAC方法中加入误差反馈输出控制项,使得控制器具有在线整定内部参数的优势,提高系统的动态性能。然后,通过严格的数学推导对ICF-MFAC方法进行收敛性证明,理论分析表明,ICF-MFAC方法提高了伪偏导数估计值的利用率,加快了系统的响应速度。最后,在四旋翼飞行器中进行仿真实验,与CF-MFAC方法相比,改进的控制方法控制误差减小6.12%,且无超调、跟踪误差小,始终保持良好的控制效果和鲁棒性。