There are four serious problems in the discriminant analysis. We developed an optimal linear discriminant function （optimal LDF） based on the minimum number of misclassification （minimum NM） using integer programm...There are four serious problems in the discriminant analysis. We developed an optimal linear discriminant function （optimal LDF） based on the minimum number of misclassification （minimum NM） using integer programming （IP）. We call this LDF as Revised IP-OLDF. Only this LDF can discriminate the cases on the discriminant hyperplane （Probleml）. This LDF and a hard-margin SVM （H-SVM） can discriminate the lineary separable data （LSD） exactly. Another LDFs may not discriminate the LSD theoretically （Problem2）. When Revised IP-OLDF discriminate the Swiss banknote data with six variables, we find MNM of two-variables model such as （X4, X6） is zero. Because MNMk decreases monotounusly （MNMk 〉= MNM（k＋1））, sixteen MNMs including （X4, X6） are zero. Until now, because there is no research of the LSD, we surveyed another three linear separable data sets such as： 18 exam scores data sets, the Japanese 44 cars data and six microarray datasets. When we discriminate the exam scores with MNM=0, we find the generalized inverse matrix technique causes the serious Problem3 and confirmed this fact by the cars data. At last, we claim the discriminant analysis is not the inferential statistics because there is no standard errors （SEs） of error rates and discriminant coefficients （Problem4）. Therefore, we poroposed the ＂100-fold cross validation for the small sample＂ method （the method）. By this break-through, we can choose the best model having minimum mean of error rate （M2） in the validation sample and obtaine two 95% confidence intervals （CIs） of error rate and discriminant coefficients. When we discriminate the exam scores by this new method, we obtaine the surprising results seven LDFs except for Fisher＇s LDF are almost the same as the trivial LDFs. In this research, we discriminate the Japanese 44 cars data because we can discuss four problems. There are six independent variables to discriminate 29 regular cars and 15 small cars. This data is linear separable by the emission rate （X1） and the number of seats （X3）. We examine the validity of the new model selection procedure of the discriminant analysis. We proposed the model with minimum mean of error rates （M2） in the validation samples is the best model. We had examined this procedure by the exam scores, and we obtain good results. Moreover, the 95% CI of eight LDFs offers us real perception of the discriminant theory. However, the exam scores are different from the ordinal data. Therefore, we apply our theory and procedure to the Japanese 44 cars data and confirmed the same conclution.展开更多
UAV data link has been considered as an important part of UAV communication system, through which the UAV could communicate with warships. However, constant coding and modulation scheme that UAV adopts does not make f...UAV data link has been considered as an important part of UAV communication system, through which the UAV could communicate with warships. However, constant coding and modulation scheme that UAV adopts does not make full use of the channel capacity when UAV communicates with warships in a good channel environment. In order to improve channel capacity and spectral efficiency, adaptive coded modulation technology is studied. Based on maritime channel model, SNR estimation technology and adaptive threshold determination technology, the simulation of UAV data link communication is carried out in this paper. Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that according to changes in maritime channel state, UAV can dynamically adjust the adaptive coded modulation scheme on the condition of meeting target Bit-Error-Rate (BER), the maximum amount of data transfer is non-adaptive systems three times.展开更多
数据质量控制是智能交通系统应用建设的关键技术之一。基于对无线射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)数据特性的分析,将RFID错误数据分为4类,并针对每一种错误类型的特点设计合理的识别算法,从而给出一套完整的错误数据检...数据质量控制是智能交通系统应用建设的关键技术之一。基于对无线射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)数据特性的分析,将RFID错误数据分为4类,并针对每一种错误类型的特点设计合理的识别算法,从而给出一套完整的错误数据检测方法及流程。提出了从基站、时间和错误类型等3个角度对RFID数据的错误率进行分析的方法,并选取南京市区主干道上21个RFID基站的原始数据作为实例,对所提出方法进行了验证。结果表明,21个基站采集的数据的平均错误率为0.044 3%,最小值为0.021 4%,最大值为0.080 7%,说明RFID数据采集技术所采集到的数据具有较高的可靠性,且数据错误率与车流量具有明显的正相关性。同时,各个基站采集的数据中车牌号字符串长度异常占所有错误类型比例的平均值为72.93%,最小值为42.24%,最大值为98.75%,表明电子标签写入信息出错是造成错误数据的主要原因。针对分析结果,给出了相应的质量控制措施以控制RFID错误数据的产生。展开更多
RFID(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)中间件在RFID系统中起着承上启下的作用,数据过滤作为RFID中间件的核心功能,对其算法的研究一直是RFID领域研究的热点与重点。通过对现有过滤算法的分析,提出基于布鲁姆过滤器的数据过滤算法...RFID(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)中间件在RFID系统中起着承上启下的作用,数据过滤作为RFID中间件的核心功能,对其算法的研究一直是RFID领域研究的热点与重点。通过对现有过滤算法的分析,提出基于布鲁姆过滤器的数据过滤算法,鲁姆过滤器在空间和时间上有着更低的复杂度,并通过对布鲁姆过滤器算法的分析和仿真,选择了最优的布鲁姆参数,降低了算法的假阳性误判率。展开更多
文摘There are four serious problems in the discriminant analysis. We developed an optimal linear discriminant function （optimal LDF） based on the minimum number of misclassification （minimum NM） using integer programming （IP）. We call this LDF as Revised IP-OLDF. Only this LDF can discriminate the cases on the discriminant hyperplane （Probleml）. This LDF and a hard-margin SVM （H-SVM） can discriminate the lineary separable data （LSD） exactly. Another LDFs may not discriminate the LSD theoretically （Problem2）. When Revised IP-OLDF discriminate the Swiss banknote data with six variables, we find MNM of two-variables model such as （X4, X6） is zero. Because MNMk decreases monotounusly （MNMk 〉= MNM（k＋1））, sixteen MNMs including （X4, X6） are zero. Until now, because there is no research of the LSD, we surveyed another three linear separable data sets such as： 18 exam scores data sets, the Japanese 44 cars data and six microarray datasets. When we discriminate the exam scores with MNM=0, we find the generalized inverse matrix technique causes the serious Problem3 and confirmed this fact by the cars data. At last, we claim the discriminant analysis is not the inferential statistics because there is no standard errors （SEs） of error rates and discriminant coefficients （Problem4）. Therefore, we poroposed the ＂100-fold cross validation for the small sample＂ method （the method）. By this break-through, we can choose the best model having minimum mean of error rate （M2） in the validation sample and obtaine two 95% confidence intervals （CIs） of error rate and discriminant coefficients. When we discriminate the exam scores by this new method, we obtaine the surprising results seven LDFs except for Fisher＇s LDF are almost the same as the trivial LDFs. In this research, we discriminate the Japanese 44 cars data because we can discuss four problems. There are six independent variables to discriminate 29 regular cars and 15 small cars. This data is linear separable by the emission rate （X1） and the number of seats （X3）. We examine the validity of the new model selection procedure of the discriminant analysis. We proposed the model with minimum mean of error rates （M2） in the validation samples is the best model. We had examined this procedure by the exam scores, and we obtain good results. Moreover, the 95% CI of eight LDFs offers us real perception of the discriminant theory. However, the exam scores are different from the ordinal data. Therefore, we apply our theory and procedure to the Japanese 44 cars data and confirmed the same conclution.
文摘UAV data link has been considered as an important part of UAV communication system, through which the UAV could communicate with warships. However, constant coding and modulation scheme that UAV adopts does not make full use of the channel capacity when UAV communicates with warships in a good channel environment. In order to improve channel capacity and spectral efficiency, adaptive coded modulation technology is studied. Based on maritime channel model, SNR estimation technology and adaptive threshold determination technology, the simulation of UAV data link communication is carried out in this paper. Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that according to changes in maritime channel state, UAV can dynamically adjust the adaptive coded modulation scheme on the condition of meeting target Bit-Error-Rate (BER), the maximum amount of data transfer is non-adaptive systems three times.
文摘RFID(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)中间件在RFID系统中起着承上启下的作用,数据过滤作为RFID中间件的核心功能,对其算法的研究一直是RFID领域研究的热点与重点。通过对现有过滤算法的分析,提出基于布鲁姆过滤器的数据过滤算法,鲁姆过滤器在空间和时间上有着更低的复杂度,并通过对布鲁姆过滤器算法的分析和仿真,选择了最优的布鲁姆参数,降低了算法的假阳性误判率。
