Metrology of Optical Communication Systems Using Error Vector Magnitude

Error vector magnitude (EVM) as a performance metric for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats in optical coherent systems is presented. It is shown that the calibrated BER, which would otherwise be under-estimated without the correction factor, can reliably monitor the performance of optical coherent systems near the target BER of 10-3 for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-QAM, and 64-QAM employing carrier phase recovery with differential decoding to compensate for laser phase noise. The impact on the number of symbols used to estimate the BER from EVM analysis is also presented and compared to the BER obtained by error counting.

Microwave Oscillator Phase Noise Requirement for TD-SCDMA Wireless Communication Systems

In time division synchronous code division multiple access （TD-SCDMA） wireless communication systems, QPSK or 8PSK has been employed to support high data rate services and high efficiency in available bandwidth. The performance of such systems is affected by the phase noise of the microwave local oscillator. The phase noise model of synthesizer and the RF transceiver model for the phase noise effect are proposed for applications of TD-SCDMA systems. The relationship between the power spectral density （PSD） and root mean square （RMS） phase error is given. Then, the error vector magnitude （EVM） performance is analytically evaluated by using the single side band （SSB） phase noise. Theoretical results show agreement with those obtained by measurement data and therefore can be used to derive the TD-SCDMA system performance.

A LOW EVM ZERO-IF RF TRANSMITTER FOR COGNITIVE RADIO APPLICATION

A zero-IF transmitter for Cognitive Radio(CR) application is presented.To effectively reduce the interference between Power Amplifier(PA) and Voltage Controlled Oscillator(VCO),two VCOs are adopted,one is 450 MHz and the other is from 1148 MHz to 1252 MHz with an 8 MHz step,so the frequency of them are different from the operational frequency of PA.The Local Oscillator(LO) of the modulator generated by mixing the signals of the two VCOs has a low phase noise of-82 dBc/Hz with an offset of 1 kHz.The measurement result of the transmitter shows that the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio(ACPR) is less than-47.5 dBc at 27 dBm output,and the Error Vector Magnitude(EVM) is less than 1.7%.

A high-linearity InGaP/GaAs HBT power amplifier for IEEE 802.11a/n

A three-stage 4.8-6 GHz monolithic power amplifier（PA） compatible with IEEE 802.11a/n designed based on an advanced 2μm InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor（HBT） process is presented.The PA integrates input matching and closed-loop power control circuits on chip.Under 3.3 V DC bias,the amplifier achieves a ~31 dB small signal gain,excellent wide band input and output matching among overall 1.2 GHz bandwidth,and up to 24.5 dBm linear output power below EVM 3%with IEEE 802.11a 64QAM OFDM input signal.

A highly linear power amplifier for WLAN

A three-stage power amplifier （PA） for WLAN application in 2.4-2.5 GHz is presented. The proposed PA employs an adaptive bias circuit to adjust the operating point of the PA to improve the linearity of the PA. Two methods to short the 2nd harmonic circuit are compared in the area of efficiency and gain of the PA. The PA is taped out in the process of 2/zm InGaP/GaAs HBT and is tested by the evaluation board. The measured results show that 31.5 dB power gain and 29.3 dBm PldB with an associated 40.4% power added efficiency （PAE） under the single tone stimulus. Up to 26.5 dBm output power can be achieved with an error vector magnitude （EVM） of lower than 3% under the 64QAM/OFDM WLAN stimulus.