Relationship of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Retinal Vessel Calibers with Cognitive Impairment in the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Population

Objective Cognitive impairment(CI)in older individuals has a high morbidity rate worldwide,with poor diagnostic methods and susceptible population identification.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different retinal metrics and CI in a particular population,emphasizing polyvascular status.Methods We collected information from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community Study on retinal vessel calibers,retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness,and cognitive function of 3,785participants,aged 40 years or older.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between retinal metrics and cognitive function.Subgroups stratified by different vascular statuses were also analyzed.Results RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in the CI group(odds ratio:0.973,95%confidence interval:0.953–0.994).In the subgroup analysis,the difference still existed in the non-intracranial arterial stenosis,non-extracranial carotid arterial stenosis,and peripheral arterial disease subgroups(P<0.05).Conclusion A thin RNFL is associated with CI,especially in people with non-large vessel stenosis.The underlying small vessel change in RNFL and CI should be investigated in the future.

Vehicle Abnormal Behavior Detection Based on Dense Block and Soft Thresholding

With the rapid advancement of social economies,intelligent transportation systems are gaining increasing atten-tion.Central to these systems is the detection of abnormal vehicle behavior,which remains a critical challenge due to the complexity of urban roadways and the variability of external conditions.Current research on detecting abnormal traffic behaviors is still nascent,with significant room for improvement in recognition accuracy.To address this,this research has developed a new model for recognizing abnormal traffic behaviors.This model employs the R3D network as its core architecture,incorporating a dense block to facilitate feature reuse.This approach not only enhances performance with fewer parameters and reduced computational demands but also allows for the acquisition of new features while simplifying the overall network structure.Additionally,this research integrates a self-attentive method that dynamically adjusts to the prevailing traffic conditions,optimizing the relevance of features for the task at hand.For temporal analysis,a Bi-LSTM layer is utilized to extract and learn from time-based data nuances.This research conducted a series of comparative experiments using the UCF-Crime dataset,achieving a notable accuracy of 89.30%on our test set.Our results demonstrate that our model not only operates with fewer parameters but also achieves superior recognition accuracy compared to previous models.

High-grade serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube in a young woman with chromosomal 4q abnormality:A case report

BACKGROUND Few studies have reported an association between an increased risk of acquiring cancers and survival in patients with 4q deletion syndrome.This study presents a rare association between chromosome 4q abnormalities and fallopian tube highgrade serous carcinoma(HGSC)in a young woman.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman presented with acute dull abdominal pain and a known chromosomal abnormality involving 4q13.3 duplication and 4q23q24 deletion.Upon arrival at the emergency room,her abdomen appeared ovoid and distended with palpable shifting dullness.Ascites were identified through abdominal ultrasound,and computed tomography revealed an omentum cake and an enlarged bilateral adnexa.Blood tests showed elevated CA-125 levels.Paracentesis was conducted,and immunohistochemistry indicated that the cancer cells favored an ovarian origin,making us suspect ovarian cancer.The patient underwent debulking surgery,which led to a diagnosis of stage IIIC HGSC of the fallopian tube.Subsequently,the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel,resulting in stable current condition.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a rare correlation between a chromosome 4q abnormality and HGSC.UBE2D3 may affect crucial cancer-related pathways,including P53,BRCA,cyclin D,and tyrosine kinase receptors,thereby possibly contributing to cancer development.In addition,ADH1 and DDIT4 may be potential influencers of both carcinogenic and therapeutic responses.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Prenatal B-Ultrasound in Diagnosing Fetal Abnormalities

Objective:To explore the positive significance of using prenatal B-ultrasound in diagnosing fetal abnormalities.Methods:A total of 200 pregnant women who visited Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2023 and January 2024 were recruited as the research subjects.All pregnant women received prenatal examinations.A retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze the positive significance of prenatal B-ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities.Results:Prenatal B-ultrasound examination detected 10 cases of fetal abnormalities,with a detection rate of 5.00%.When compared with the postnatal examination results of 5.50%,the difference was insignificant(P>0.05).Moreover,comparing the fetal limb abnormalities and cardiovascular abnormalities in prenatal B-ultrasound examination and postnatal examination,one case of congenital heart disease was missed in the prenatal B-ultrasound examination,and the others were consistent with the postnatal examination results,with a coincidence rate of 90.91%,indicating a high compliance rate.Conclusion:Fetal abnormalities have a great impact on mothers,babies,and families,and it is particularly important to strengthen diagnosis during this process.Prenatal B-ultrasound examination can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and can be promoted in clinical practice as a basis for screening fetal abnormalities.

Improving Federated Learning through Abnormal Client Detection and Incentive

Data sharing and privacy protection are made possible by federated learning,which allows for continuous model parameter sharing between several clients and a central server.Multiple reliable and high-quality clients must participate in practical applications for the federated learning global model to be accurate,but because the clients are independent,the central server cannot fully control their behavior.The central server has no way of knowing the correctness of the model parameters provided by each client in this round,so clients may purposefully or unwittingly submit anomalous data,leading to abnormal behavior,such as becoming malicious attackers or defective clients.To reduce their negative consequences,it is crucial to quickly detect these abnormalities and incentivize them.In this paper,we propose a Federated Learning framework for Detecting and Incentivizing Abnormal Clients(FL-DIAC)to accomplish efficient and security federated learning.We build a detector that introduces an auto-encoder for anomaly detection and use it to perform anomaly identification and prevent the involvement of abnormal clients,in particular for the anomaly client detection problem.Among them,before the model parameters are input to the detector,we propose a Fourier transform-based anomaly data detectionmethod for dimensionality reduction in order to reduce the computational complexity.Additionally,we create a credit scorebased incentive structure to encourage clients to participate in training in order tomake clients actively participate.Three training models(CNN,MLP,and ResNet-18)and three datasets(MNIST,Fashion MNIST,and CIFAR-10)have been used in experiments.According to theoretical analysis and experimental findings,the FL-DIAC is superior to other federated learning schemes of the same type in terms of effectiveness.

Predictors of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge among Women of Reproductive Age in Southeast Nigeria

Background: An abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, and it can indicate serious conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 women of reproductive age group attending the clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri, in Imo State, Nigeria. Respondents were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge. Statistical significance was set at p Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30 ± 4.5 years. Predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge were: age 36 - 45 years (OR: 4.5;95% C.I: 1.023 - 8.967, p = 0.041), being a student (OR: 2.4: 95% C.I: 1.496 - 7.336, p = 0.003), use of oral contraceptives (OR: 3.4;95% C.I: 1.068 - 6.932, p = 0.010), use of water cistern (OR: 4.7;C.I: 1.654 - 5.210, p = 0.028) anal hygiene practices (OR: 2.7;95% C.I: 1.142 - 4.809, p Conclusion: These findings suggest that targeted sexual and reproductive health interventions should be provided to reduce the risk of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group.

Combinatorial reasoning-based abnormal sensor recognition method for subsea production control system

The subsea production system is a vital equipment for offshore oil and gas production.The control system is one of the most important parts of it.Collecting and processing the signals of subsea sensors is the only way to judge whether the subsea production control system is normal.However,subsea sensors degrade rapidly due to harsh working environments and long service time.This leads to frequent false alarm incidents.A combinatorial reasoning-based abnormal sensor recognition method for subsea production control system is proposed.A combinatorial algorithm is proposed to group sensors.The long short-term memory network(LSTM)is used to establish a single inference model.A counting-based judging method is proposed to identify abnormal sensors.Field data from an offshore platform in the South China Sea is used to demonstrate the effect of the proposed method.The results show that the proposed method can identify the abnormal sensors effectively.

First record of abnormal body coloration in a rockfish Sebastes koreanus(Scorpaenoidei:Sebastidae)from coastal water of China based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding

The first record of abnormal body coloration in Sebastes koreanus Kim and Lee,1994,from the Yellow Sea of China,was documented based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding.The two rockfish specimens were collected from the coastal waters of Qingdao,China,and the whole body and all fins of them were red.Of the two red-colored rockfish,there were tiny deep red spots on each fin,2 red radial stripes behind and below the eyes and 1 large deep red blotch on the opercula,while the similar stripe and spot patterns are also present in the S.koreanus specimens with normal body coloration.The countable characteristics of the two specimens are in the range of the morphometry of S.koreanus.To further clarify the species identity and taxonomic status of the two specimens,DNA barcode analysis was carried out.The genetic distance between the red-colored rockfish and S.koreanus was 0,and the minimum net genetic distances between the red-colored rockfish and other Sebastes species except for S.koreanus were 3.0%,which exceeds the threshold of species delimitation.The phylogenetic analysis showed that the DNA barcoding sequences of the two red-colored rockfish clustered with the S.koreanus sequences.The above results of DNA barcode analysis also support that the two red-colored rockfish could be identified as the species of S.koreanus.The mechanism of color variation in S.koreanus is desirable for further research and the species could be an ideal model to study the color-driven speciation of the rockfishes.

A Clinical Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Oral Combination Kit Therapy in Syndromic Management of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (FEMINE Study) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: Vaginal discharge is one of most common and nagging problems that women face. About 20% - 25% of women who visit gynecology department complain of vaginal discharge and leucorrhoea. An orally administered combination kit, containing 2 g secnidazole, 1 g azithromycin and 150 mg fluconazole (Azimyn FS Kit), has been successfully evaluated in clinical trials and used in several countries for management syndromic vaginal discharge due to infections. Methods: This is a longitudinal study which aimed to verify the clinical efficacy of the combined oral kit containing secnidazole, azithromycin and fluconazole (Azimyn FS Kit®) in the syndromic treatment of abnormal vaginal discharge in patients received in outpatient consultations in Kinshasa/DR Congo from March to September 2023. Results: Majority of patients had whitish vaginal discharge (51.6%) of average abundance (56.2%), accompanied by pruritus in 72.1% of cases, and dyspareunia in 23.5% of cases and hypogastralgia in 40.2% of cases. One week after treatment with the Azimyn FS® combined kit, at the greatest majority of patients (97.3%), abnormal vaginal discharge had decreased by more than 50% (84.1%). Two weeks after treatment with the Azimyn FS® combined kit, almost all patients (97.3%) no longer had abnormal vaginal discharge which had completely disappeared. Conclusion: A single dose of secnidazole, azithromycin and fluconazole in the form of an oral combi-kit (Azimyn FS Kit) has shown excellent therapeutic effectiveness in the syndromic treatment of abnormal vaginal discharge wherein patients were treated without diagnostic confirmation.

CATGUT EMBEDDING FOR TREATMENT OF SIMPLE OBESITY COMPLICATED WITH ABNORMAL BLOOD FAT

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of catgut embedding combined with diet plus exercise with that of diet plus exercise in treating simple obesity complicated with abnormal blood fat. Methods A prescription of diet plus exercise was given to the patients in a control group, and catgut embedding was added to the prescription in a treatment group. It was given once every 15 days for the 1st three treatments, and once every month for the 2^nd three treatments. Six treatments constituted a therapeutic course. Body weight and blood fat were measured before and half a year since treatment. Results After treatment, BMI, TO, TG and LDL were very significantly improved in the treatment group （P〈0.01）, and BMI and TG were very significantly （P〈0.01） and TO and LDL were significantly （P〈0.05） improved in the control group. HDL was not obviously improved in both groups （P〉0.05）. The improvement of TO, TG and LDL in the treatment group was significantly more than that in the control group （P〈0.01）, but no difference in improvement of BMI and HDL was found between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The therapy of diet plus exercise was effective in body weight reduction and lowering blood fat in patients with simple obesity complicated with abnormal blood fat, and catgut embedding used in combination was even better in lowering blood fat.

Characteristics of ocular abnormalities in gout patients

·AIM: To characterize the clinical features of ocular surface in gout patients in coastal area of Shandong Province in China. ·METHODS: A total of 380 consecutive gout patients were examined from January 2011 to May 2011. According to the course of gout, patients were divided into group A (【5 years), B (5 -10 years) and C (】10 years). Group D (control group) was consist of 50 healthy subjects. Eyelids, lateral canthus, medial canthus, palpebral conjunctiva, sclera and cornea, anterior chamber, lens, anterior vitreous were examined by slit lamp to find whether there were deposition of uric acid crystals, ocular vascular tortuosity, redness and subconjunctival hemorrhage. The ophthalmic exams of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus were used to assess any gout-related eye disease. ·RESULTS: Uric acid crystals were found in 3 patients and the positions of the deposite were in corneal stroma, corneal epithelium and superficial stroma, and sclera respectively. The incidence was 0.79% . Dilatated and tortuous blood vessels in conjunctiva and sclera surface were found in 38 (23.8% ), 40 (44.0% ), 58 (45.0% ), 9 (18.0% ) patients in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The differences between group B and D, group C and D were statistically significant( 【0.01, 【0.01).Transparent vesicles with metal -like reflected light in subconjunctiva were seen in 26 (16.2%), 29 (31.9%), 41 (31.8%), 2 (4.00%) patients in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The differences between A and D, B and D, C and D were statistically significant ( 【0.05, 【0.01, 【0.01). Subconjunctival hemorrhage was found in all groups, the difference among the four groups showed no statistically significance. · CONCLUSION: Gout can cause ocular surface abnormalities, such as tophi deposition, subconjunctival transparent vesicles and hemorrhage, and vascular changes. These features have important clinical significance in early detection of the gout and prevention of eye injury. ·

FISH studies of chromosome abnormalities in germ cells and its relevance in reproductive counseling

Chromosome abnormalities are one of the major causes of human infertility. In infertile males, abnormal karyotypes are more frequent than in the general population. Furthermore, meiotic disorders affecting the germ cell-line have been observed in men with normal somatic karyotypes consulting for infertility. In both cases, the production of unbalanced spermatozoa has been demonstrated. Basically addressed to establish reproductive risks, fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） on decondensed sperm heads has become the most frequently used method to evaluate the chromosomal constitution of spermatozoa in carriers of numerical sex chromosome abnormalities, carriers of structural chromosome reorganizations and infertile males with normal karyotype. The aim of this review is to present updated figures of the information obtained through sperm FISH studies with an emphasis on its clinical significance. Furthermore, the incorporation of novel FISH-based techniques （Multiplex-FISH; Multi-FISH） in male infertility studies is also discussed. （Asian J Androl 2005 Sep; 7： 227-236）

Application of Abnormal Touchdown PCR with High Degeneracy Primer in Amplification of Large-Family Genes

[Objective] The aim was to explore the special methods for amplification of large-family genes by using primers with high degeneracy.[Method] By using the primers with high degeneracy,conventional PCR,conventional touchdown PCR and the optimized abnormal touchdown PCR were respectively carried out to amplify the genomic DNA of Cyprinus carpio.[Result] Only one evident electrophoretic band and a few Sox genes were obtained by using normal PCR;no obvious electrophoretic band but dispersive product was obtained by normal touchdown PCR;ideal result was obtained by the abnormal touchdown PCR that three evident electrophoretic bands and much more Sox genes were amplified.[Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for the optimization and selection of PCR amplification conditions of the large-family genes.

Gastrointestinal hormone abnormalities and G and D cells in functional dyspepsia patients with gastric dysmotility

AIM: To investigate the relationship between gastric dysmotility,gastrointestinal hormone abnormalities, and neuroendocrine cells in gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).METHODS: Gastric emptying was assessed with solid radiopaque markers in 54 FD patients, and the patients were divided into two groups according to the results, one with delayed gastric emptying and the other with normal gastric emptying. Seventeen healthy volunteers acted as normal controls. Fasting and postprandial plasma levels and gastroduodenal mucosal levels of gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, somatostatin (SS) and neurotensin (NT)were measured by radioimmunoassay in all the subjects.G cells (gastrin-producing cells) and D cells (SS-producing cells) in gastric antral mucosa were immunostained with rabbit anti-gastrin polyclonal antibody and rabbit anti-SS polyclonal antibody, respectively, and analyzed quantitatively by computerized image analysis.RESULTS: The postprandial plasma gastrin levels, the fasting and postprandial plasma levels and the gastric and duodenal mucosal levels of NT were significantly higher in the FD patients with delayed gastric emptying than in those with normal gastric emptying and normal controls. The number and gray value of G and D cells and the G cell/D cell number ratio did not differ significantly between normal controls and the FD patients with or without delayed gastric emptying.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the abnormalities of gastrin and NT may play a role in the pathophysiology of gastric dysmotility in FD patients, and the abnormality of postprandial plasma gastrin levels in FD patients with delayed gastric emptying is not related to the changes both in the number and gray value of G cells and in the G cell/D cell number ratio in gastric antral mucosa.

Nr2e1 Downregulation Is Involved in Excess Retinoic Acid-induced Developmental Abnormality in the Mouse Brain

Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and function of Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 （Nr2e1） in retinoic acid （RA）-induced brain abnormality. Methods The mouse model of brain abnormality was established by administering 28 mg/kg RA, and neural stem cells （NSCs） were isolated from the mouse embryo and cultured in vitro. Nr2e1 expression was detected by whole mount in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. Nr2e1 function was determined by transducing Nr2e1 sh RNA into NSCs, and the effect on the sonic hedgehog （Shh） signaling pathway was assessed in the cells. In addition, the regulation of Nr2e1 expression by RA was also determined in vitro. Results Nr2e1 expression was significantly downregulated in the brain and NSCs of RA-treated mouse embryos, and knockdown of Nr2e1 affected the proliferation of NSCs in vitro. In addition, a similar expression pattern of Nr2e1 and RA receptor （RAR） α was observed after treatment of NSCs with different concentrations of RA. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that Nr2e1 could be regulated by RA, which would aid a better understanding of the mechanism underlying RA-induced brain abnormality.

Quantitative Investigation of Tomographic Effects in Abnormal Regions of Complex Structures

The detection of abnormal regions in complex structures is one of the most challenging targets for underground space engineering.Natural or artificial geologic variations reduce the effectiveness of conventional exploration methods.With the emergence of real-time monitoring,seismic wave velocity tomography allows the detection and imaging of abnormal regions to be accurate,intuitive,and quantitative.Since tomographic results are affected by multiple factors in practical small-scale applications,it is necessary to quantitatively investigate those influences.We adopted an improved three-dimensional(3D)tomography method combining passive acoustic emission acquisition and active ultrasonic measurements.By varying individual parameters(i.e.,prior model,sensor configuration,ray coverage,event distributions,and event location errors),37 comparative tests were conducted.The quantitative impact of different factors was obtained.Synthetic experiments showed that the method could effectively adapt to complex structures.The optimal input parameters based on quantization results can significantly improve the detection reliability in abnormal regions.

A Blockchain Based Framework for Stomach Abnormalities Recognition

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy(WCE)is an imaging technology,widely used in medical imaging for stomach infection recognition.However,a one patient procedure takes almost seven to eight minutes and approximately 57,000 frames are captured.The privacy of patients is very important and manual inspection is time consuming and costly.Therefore,an automated system for recognition of stomach infections from WCE frames is always needed.An existing block chain-based approach is employed in a convolutional neural network model to secure the network for accurate recognition of stomach infections such as ulcer and bleeding.Initially,images are normalized in fixed dimension and passed in pre-trained deep models.These architectures are modified at each layer,to make them safer and more secure.Each layer contains an extra block,which stores certain information to avoid possible tempering,modification attacks and layer deletions.Information is stored in multiple blocks,i.e.,block attached to each layer,a ledger block attached with the network,and a cloud ledger block stored in the cloud storage.After that,features are extracted and fused using a Mode value-based approach and optimized using a Genetic Algorithm along with an entropy function.The Softmax classifier is applied at the end for final classification.Experiments are performed on a private collected dataset and achieve an accuracy of 96.8%.The statistical analysis and individual model comparison show the proposed method’s authenticity.

Analysis on the Features of Abnormal Meteorological Elements before Chongqing Earthquakes

The situations of four major earthquakes occurred in Chongqing in modern times were analyzed in this paper.According to the study of the relationship between drought and earthquake and the study on five abnormal indices of meteorological elements,the pre-earthquake abnormal meteorological elements of these earthquakes occurred in Tongjing Town of Yubei,Chongqing in 1989,Xuxi of Rongchang in Chongqing in 1997,Rongchang County of Chongqing in 1999 respectively were systemically tested.Finally,the assumption of establishing an earthquake warning system of abnormal meteorological elements in the whole nation,especially in some high-risk earthquake areas was proposed.

Systemic abnormalities in liver disease

Systemic abnormalities often occur in patients with liver disease. In particular, cardiopulmonary or renal diseases accompanied by advanced liver disease can be serious and may determine the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Therefore, both hepatologists and non-hepatologists should pay attention to such abnormalities in the management of patients with liver diseases.

Regional brain structural abnormality in ischemic stroke patients:a voxel-based morphometry study

Our previous study used regional homogeneity analysis and found that activity in some brain areas of patients with ischemic stroke changed significantly. In the current study, we examined structural changes in these brain regions by taking structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of 11 ischemic stroke patients and 15 healthy participants, and analyzing the data using voxel-based morphometry. Compared with healthy participants, patients exhibited higher gray matter density in the left inferior occipital gyrus and right anterior white matter tract. In contrast, gray matter density in the right cerebellum, left precentral gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus was less in ischemic stroke patients. The changes of gray matter density in the middle frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the clin- ical rating scales of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment （r = -0.609, P = 0.047） and the left middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the clinical rating scales of the nervous functional deficiency scale （r = -0.737, P = 0.010）. Our findings call objectively identify the functional abnormality in some brain regions of ischemic stroke patients.