To evaluate the effect of GnRHa induced superovulation protocol on endometrial morphology and function. Material & Methods Forty ICR mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups, among them, 2 experimental gro...To evaluate the effect of GnRHa induced superovulation protocol on endometrial morphology and function. Material & Methods Forty ICR mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups, among them, 2 experimental groups were injected with GnRHa+HMG+hCG, another 2 groups were given saline of same volume as control group. The uterine tissues were investigated at 24 h and 48 h after administration (experimental group) or ovulation (control group).The endometrial thickness, the size of gland and glandular lumen, the total area of glandular cells, the average height of glandular epithelium were measured from routine histological slides using computerized image analysis. The SP immunohistochemistry techniques with monoclonal antibodies were employed to semi quantitatively analize the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in glandular cells. Results The endometrial thickness was not significantly different between experimental groups and control groups at 24 h and 48 h (P>0.05).The average area, perimeter, maximal diameter of single gland and glandular lumen, the total area, average height of glandular epithelium in experimental groups were significantly smaller than those of in control groups at equivalent time stages (all P<0.01). The asynchronous development of gland epithelium and stroma cells, namely, pesudostratified glandular epithelium and predecidual changes of stroma cells were seen at same time in experimental groups. The positive percentage (%) and expression intense of ER and PR in glandular epithelium cells were significantly lower in experimental groups than in control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The protocol with GnRHa had a negative effect on endometrial histological structure and down regulated the express of ER and PR, suggesting that this protocol effect on the endometrial morphology and function and could not facilitate the formation of a physiologic endometrium completely, which may be one of the causes of low pregnancy rates.展开更多
Objective The study aimed to detect the expression of estrogen receptors(ERs) in thyroid cancer and investigate the correlation between their expression and clinical features and different pathological types.Methods T...Objective The study aimed to detect the expression of estrogen receptors(ERs) in thyroid cancer and investigate the correlation between their expression and clinical features and different pathological types.Methods The expression of ERs in 56 samples of thyroid cancer tissues was detected by an immunochemical approach. The expression of ERs in thyroid cancer tissues and different pathological types were analyzed using the χ~2 test. Results The number of cases with positive expression of ER in thyroid cancer tissues was 36. The number of papillary thyroid cancers(PTCs) was 48, with positive expression of ERs in 32 cases. The number of follicular thyroid cancers was 4, with positive expression of ERs in 2 cases. The number of medullary thyroid cancers was 4, with negative expression of ERs in all cases. The difference between the expression and different pathological types showed statistical significance. The expression of ERs showed no correlation with sex, age, or TNM stage, with no statistical significance. However, the expression of ERs was correlated with metastasis of lymph nodes, which had statistical significance. The expression of ERs was negatively correlated with pathological types and metastasis of lymph nodes. The correlated coefficient index was –0.313 and –0.334, respectively. Conclusion The expression of ERs showed no correlation with sex, age, or TNM stage, but was negatively correlated with pathological types and metastasis of lymph nodes.展开更多
Objective： Midkine （MK）, a new member of the heparin-binding growth factor family, has been found recently to have a high expression level in many tumor specimens including lung carcinoma. Estrogens may be involved...Objective： Midkine （MK）, a new member of the heparin-binding growth factor family, has been found recently to have a high expression level in many tumor specimens including lung carcinoma. Estrogens may be involved in lung carcinogenesis, and estrogen receptors, mainly estrogen receptor-β （ER-β）, are present and functional in normal lung and tumor cell lines and tissues. In addition, estrogens and growth factors may promote the progression of human non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Previously, we have immunohistochemically demonstrated that MK and ER-β proteins were overexpressed in NSCLC and their expression levels were both significantly negatively correlated with the pathological classification. The purpose of this study was to further verify their expression and its correlation with NSCLC. Methods： Taking NSCLC tissues and their corresponding paraneoplastic and normal lung as research objects, we further examined the expression of MK and ER-β by meas of RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and Western blot analyses at the levels of messenger RNA （mRNA） and protein, respectively. Results： The increased MK and ER-β mRNA expression was found in NSCLC by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses. Furthermore, Western blot analysis also displayed increased expression of MK and ER-β proteins in NSCLC. Finally, their correlation analysis at the levels of mRNA and protein expression in NSCLC demonstrated that MK protein level was significantly correlated to estrogen receptor-β （P〈0.01, rs=0.535）; in spite of their correlation at the mRNA level, there was no remarkable difference between MK and ER-β （P〉0.05, rs=0.178）. Conclusion： All these results in the present study confirmed that MK and ER-β were overexpressed in human NSCLC.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Midkine (MK),a new member of the heparin-binding growth factor family,was found recently to have a highexpression level in many carcinoma specimens,including thoseof the esophagus,gall bladder,pancreas,color...OBJECTIVE Midkine (MK),a new member of the heparin-binding growth factor family,was found recently to have a highexpression level in many carcinoma specimens,including thoseof the esophagus,gall bladder,pancreas,colorectum,breast andlung.Estrogen receptor beta (ER-β),a recently cloned estrogenreceptor subtype,was also found to be highly expressed in lungtumor tissue,in contrast to a lower level of expression in normallung tissue.However,few relevant studies on these proteins havebeen published.The aims of our study were to investigate theexpression of midkine and ER-β proteins in non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC) and to examine the relationship between theirexpression and the clinicopathologic data as well as to analyse thecorrelation of their expression in NSCLC.METHODS By immunohistochemistry,MK and ER-β were ex-amined in 24 surgically resected cases of NSCLC with their corre-sponding paraneoplastic and normal lung tissues.RESULTS MK and ER-β were overexpressed in NSCLC.Thelevels of MK and ER-β expression in NSCLC were found to be sig-nificantly negatively correlated with the pathological classification(P=0.042 and 0.021,respectively),and their expression decreasedwith a raise in the classification.Spearman's correlation analysisshowed that the correlation of their expression in NSCLC wasstrong (correlation coefficient[r_s]= 0.535,P=0.007<0.01).CONCLUSION The expression levels of MK and ER-β to someextent reflect the malignant degree of NSCLC,and their combineddetection may be of great value in early diagnosis,treatments ofpatients with NSCLC and can predict the prognoses.展开更多
From February to September in 1994, a total of 58 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) were testified by Pathology. It included 56 poorly differentiated squamous cancer, 1 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, ...From February to September in 1994, a total of 58 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) were testified by Pathology. It included 56 poorly differentiated squamous cancer, 1 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 1 B-cell lymphoma. Clinical staging: II stage 6 cases, III stage 20 cases, Ⅳ stage 24 cases,recurrence 8 cases. The results showed that ER and PR positive rate were 26/58(44.8%) and 28/58(48.3%). The rate has not relation to the age and sex. There was a contrary rela-tion between ER, PR Positive rate and clinical staging and VCA-IgA. When ER, PR were negative and VCA-IgA was 1:40 in IV stage patients, its accorded rate was 9/12(75%); when only VCA-IgA was 1:40, accorded rate was 13/(39.4%). Total CR was 38/49 (77.6%). When both ER and PR were Positive, CR was 79%; when both ER and PR were negative and VCAIgA was 1:40, CR was 58.3%. We regard NPC is belong to high expression tumor of estrogen and progesterone,and positive expression can reflect tumor developing tendency and relate to recent prognosis. The paper suggests that it is possible to treat NPC with the together therapy. Examining ER, PR and VCA-IgA together can improve the analysis of the prognosis of NPC.展开更多
Introduction-Breast cancer is the most common cancer and leading cause of death in women. In India, its incidence is rapidly rising over last few decades. Present study is aimed to study the pattern of expression of h...Introduction-Breast cancer is the most common cancer and leading cause of death in women. In India, its incidence is rapidly rising over last few decades. Present study is aimed to study the pattern of expression of hormonal receptors and Her-2/neu in invasive breast carcinoma and to correlate estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2/neu expressions with various clinicopathological parameters. Material and methods: The present study was carried out in Department of Pathology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack in the year 2013 taking consecutive 100 cases. Routine H&E staining for histological diagnosis and IHC analysis for ER, PR and Her 2/neu was carried out in all 100 cases of breast malignancies. Results: 99% of cases are invasive breast carcinoma, not otherwise specify (IDC-NOS). The age ranges from 23 years to 72 years. Majority of tumors are of grade 2 (70%) followed by grade 3 (30%). ER PR and Her-2/neu expression are seen in 45%, 35% and 30% respectively. Triple negative cases comprise 35%. Higher number of grade 2 tumor shows ER, PR positivity as compared to grade 3 tumors. Her-2/neu expression does not show any significant correlation with age or lymph node status of the patient. Conclusion: ER and PR expression in breast cancers in the current study are found to be comparable to the findings of other authors, but the frequency of HER-2/neu expression is slightly higher. Significant correlation is observed between hormonal receptor status and the grade of the tumor. Inverse relationship is found between Her-2/neu expression and ER, PR receptor status. Her-2/neu expression is increased with size and high grade of tumor.展开更多
The correlation or serum estradiol concentrstion and uterine estrogen receptor (ER) gene expression (ERn and ERc quantitated by Dextrsn Coat Charcoal assay and ER mRNA by Northern blotting) was studied during the rat ...The correlation or serum estradiol concentrstion and uterine estrogen receptor (ER) gene expression (ERn and ERc quantitated by Dextrsn Coat Charcoal assay and ER mRNA by Northern blotting) was studied during the rat estrous cycle and early Pregnant stage (dl-d10). The ER gone expression was up - regulated by estrogen and the levels of ER mRNA synchronized with the changes of ER protein, suggesting that estrogen influenced the trsnscriPtional step of the ER gene. Post-coitum ER expression increased with the serum estrsdiol progressively, reached a peak on d4-ds (Just before implantation), but drastically dropped to the nadir on d6-d7 (during implantation) and then recovered. It was of interest to discover that ER mRNA level in the nonimplantstion sites (NIS) of uterus was much higher than that in the implantstion sites (IS).展开更多
Class A scavenger receptor(SR-A) plays an important role in foam cell formation.However, the mechanism underlying the internalization of the receptor-ligand complexes remains unclear.The aim of the present study was t...Class A scavenger receptor(SR-A) plays an important role in foam cell formation.However, the mechanism underlying the internalization of the receptor-ligand complexes remains unclear.The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism to regulate SR-A-mediated intracellular lipid accumulation in macrophages A pull-clown assay was performed and glucoseregulated protein 78(GRP78) was identified to bind with the cytoplasmic domain of SR-A(CSR-A).Immunoprecipitation and artificially expressed protein binding assay demonstrated the direct specific binding of GRP78 with SR-A in cells.Indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis showed their co-localization in membrane and cytoplasm.Over-expression of GRP78 specifically inhibited SR-A-mediated uptake of fluorescent acetylated low-density lipoprotein, a specific ligand for SR-A, without altering cellular SR-A expression and binding ability, and significantly inhibited cholesterol ester accumulation in cells, which can be partly attributed to the suppression of c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathway.These results suggest that GRP78 may act as an inhibitor of SR-A-mediated internalization of modified low-density lipoprotein into macrophages(C) 2009 Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.展开更多
文摘To evaluate the effect of GnRHa induced superovulation protocol on endometrial morphology and function. Material & Methods Forty ICR mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups, among them, 2 experimental groups were injected with GnRHa+HMG+hCG, another 2 groups were given saline of same volume as control group. The uterine tissues were investigated at 24 h and 48 h after administration (experimental group) or ovulation (control group).The endometrial thickness, the size of gland and glandular lumen, the total area of glandular cells, the average height of glandular epithelium were measured from routine histological slides using computerized image analysis. The SP immunohistochemistry techniques with monoclonal antibodies were employed to semi quantitatively analize the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in glandular cells. Results The endometrial thickness was not significantly different between experimental groups and control groups at 24 h and 48 h (P>0.05).The average area, perimeter, maximal diameter of single gland and glandular lumen, the total area, average height of glandular epithelium in experimental groups were significantly smaller than those of in control groups at equivalent time stages (all P<0.01). The asynchronous development of gland epithelium and stroma cells, namely, pesudostratified glandular epithelium and predecidual changes of stroma cells were seen at same time in experimental groups. The positive percentage (%) and expression intense of ER and PR in glandular epithelium cells were significantly lower in experimental groups than in control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The protocol with GnRHa had a negative effect on endometrial histological structure and down regulated the express of ER and PR, suggesting that this protocol effect on the endometrial morphology and function and could not facilitate the formation of a physiologic endometrium completely, which may be one of the causes of low pregnancy rates.
文摘Objective The study aimed to detect the expression of estrogen receptors(ERs) in thyroid cancer and investigate the correlation between their expression and clinical features and different pathological types.Methods The expression of ERs in 56 samples of thyroid cancer tissues was detected by an immunochemical approach. The expression of ERs in thyroid cancer tissues and different pathological types were analyzed using the χ~2 test. Results The number of cases with positive expression of ER in thyroid cancer tissues was 36. The number of papillary thyroid cancers(PTCs) was 48, with positive expression of ERs in 32 cases. The number of follicular thyroid cancers was 4, with positive expression of ERs in 2 cases. The number of medullary thyroid cancers was 4, with negative expression of ERs in all cases. The difference between the expression and different pathological types showed statistical significance. The expression of ERs showed no correlation with sex, age, or TNM stage, with no statistical significance. However, the expression of ERs was correlated with metastasis of lymph nodes, which had statistical significance. The expression of ERs was negatively correlated with pathological types and metastasis of lymph nodes. The correlated coefficient index was –0.313 and –0.334, respectively. Conclusion The expression of ERs showed no correlation with sex, age, or TNM stage, but was negatively correlated with pathological types and metastasis of lymph nodes.
基金supported by a grant from General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30872941)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Nanjing University(2008CL06)
文摘Objective： Midkine （MK）, a new member of the heparin-binding growth factor family, has been found recently to have a high expression level in many tumor specimens including lung carcinoma. Estrogens may be involved in lung carcinogenesis, and estrogen receptors, mainly estrogen receptor-β （ER-β）, are present and functional in normal lung and tumor cell lines and tissues. In addition, estrogens and growth factors may promote the progression of human non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Previously, we have immunohistochemically demonstrated that MK and ER-β proteins were overexpressed in NSCLC and their expression levels were both significantly negatively correlated with the pathological classification. The purpose of this study was to further verify their expression and its correlation with NSCLC. Methods： Taking NSCLC tissues and their corresponding paraneoplastic and normal lung as research objects, we further examined the expression of MK and ER-β by meas of RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and Western blot analyses at the levels of messenger RNA （mRNA） and protein, respectively. Results： The increased MK and ER-β mRNA expression was found in NSCLC by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses. Furthermore, Western blot analysis also displayed increased expression of MK and ER-β proteins in NSCLC. Finally, their correlation analysis at the levels of mRNA and protein expression in NSCLC demonstrated that MK protein level was significantly correlated to estrogen receptor-β （P〈0.01, rs=0.535）; in spite of their correlation at the mRNA level, there was no remarkable difference between MK and ER-β （P〉0.05, rs=0.178）. Conclusion： All these results in the present study confirmed that MK and ER-β were overexpressed in human NSCLC.
基金This work was supported by a grant from General Program of Jiangsu Province Hygiene Department(No.K200601)
文摘OBJECTIVE Midkine (MK),a new member of the heparin-binding growth factor family,was found recently to have a highexpression level in many carcinoma specimens,including thoseof the esophagus,gall bladder,pancreas,colorectum,breast andlung.Estrogen receptor beta (ER-β),a recently cloned estrogenreceptor subtype,was also found to be highly expressed in lungtumor tissue,in contrast to a lower level of expression in normallung tissue.However,few relevant studies on these proteins havebeen published.The aims of our study were to investigate theexpression of midkine and ER-β proteins in non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC) and to examine the relationship between theirexpression and the clinicopathologic data as well as to analyse thecorrelation of their expression in NSCLC.METHODS By immunohistochemistry,MK and ER-β were ex-amined in 24 surgically resected cases of NSCLC with their corre-sponding paraneoplastic and normal lung tissues.RESULTS MK and ER-β were overexpressed in NSCLC.Thelevels of MK and ER-β expression in NSCLC were found to be sig-nificantly negatively correlated with the pathological classification(P=0.042 and 0.021,respectively),and their expression decreasedwith a raise in the classification.Spearman's correlation analysisshowed that the correlation of their expression in NSCLC wasstrong (correlation coefficient[r_s]= 0.535,P=0.007<0.01).CONCLUSION The expression levels of MK and ER-β to someextent reflect the malignant degree of NSCLC,and their combineddetection may be of great value in early diagnosis,treatments ofpatients with NSCLC and can predict the prognoses.
文摘From February to September in 1994, a total of 58 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) were testified by Pathology. It included 56 poorly differentiated squamous cancer, 1 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 1 B-cell lymphoma. Clinical staging: II stage 6 cases, III stage 20 cases, Ⅳ stage 24 cases,recurrence 8 cases. The results showed that ER and PR positive rate were 26/58(44.8%) and 28/58(48.3%). The rate has not relation to the age and sex. There was a contrary rela-tion between ER, PR Positive rate and clinical staging and VCA-IgA. When ER, PR were negative and VCA-IgA was 1:40 in IV stage patients, its accorded rate was 9/12(75%); when only VCA-IgA was 1:40, accorded rate was 13/(39.4%). Total CR was 38/49 (77.6%). When both ER and PR were Positive, CR was 79%; when both ER and PR were negative and VCAIgA was 1:40, CR was 58.3%. We regard NPC is belong to high expression tumor of estrogen and progesterone,and positive expression can reflect tumor developing tendency and relate to recent prognosis. The paper suggests that it is possible to treat NPC with the together therapy. Examining ER, PR and VCA-IgA together can improve the analysis of the prognosis of NPC.
文摘Introduction-Breast cancer is the most common cancer and leading cause of death in women. In India, its incidence is rapidly rising over last few decades. Present study is aimed to study the pattern of expression of hormonal receptors and Her-2/neu in invasive breast carcinoma and to correlate estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2/neu expressions with various clinicopathological parameters. Material and methods: The present study was carried out in Department of Pathology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack in the year 2013 taking consecutive 100 cases. Routine H&E staining for histological diagnosis and IHC analysis for ER, PR and Her 2/neu was carried out in all 100 cases of breast malignancies. Results: 99% of cases are invasive breast carcinoma, not otherwise specify (IDC-NOS). The age ranges from 23 years to 72 years. Majority of tumors are of grade 2 (70%) followed by grade 3 (30%). ER PR and Her-2/neu expression are seen in 45%, 35% and 30% respectively. Triple negative cases comprise 35%. Higher number of grade 2 tumor shows ER, PR positivity as compared to grade 3 tumors. Her-2/neu expression does not show any significant correlation with age or lymph node status of the patient. Conclusion: ER and PR expression in breast cancers in the current study are found to be comparable to the findings of other authors, but the frequency of HER-2/neu expression is slightly higher. Significant correlation is observed between hormonal receptor status and the grade of the tumor. Inverse relationship is found between Her-2/neu expression and ER, PR receptor status. Her-2/neu expression is increased with size and high grade of tumor.
文摘The correlation or serum estradiol concentrstion and uterine estrogen receptor (ER) gene expression (ERn and ERc quantitated by Dextrsn Coat Charcoal assay and ER mRNA by Northern blotting) was studied during the rat estrous cycle and early Pregnant stage (dl-d10). The ER gone expression was up - regulated by estrogen and the levels of ER mRNA synchronized with the changes of ER protein, suggesting that estrogen influenced the trsnscriPtional step of the ER gene. Post-coitum ER expression increased with the serum estrsdiol progressively, reached a peak on d4-ds (Just before implantation), but drastically dropped to the nadir on d6-d7 (during implantation) and then recovered. It was of interest to discover that ER mRNA level in the nonimplantstion sites (NIS) of uterus was much higher than that in the implantstion sites (IS).
文摘Class A scavenger receptor(SR-A) plays an important role in foam cell formation.However, the mechanism underlying the internalization of the receptor-ligand complexes remains unclear.The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism to regulate SR-A-mediated intracellular lipid accumulation in macrophages A pull-clown assay was performed and glucoseregulated protein 78(GRP78) was identified to bind with the cytoplasmic domain of SR-A(CSR-A).Immunoprecipitation and artificially expressed protein binding assay demonstrated the direct specific binding of GRP78 with SR-A in cells.Indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis showed their co-localization in membrane and cytoplasm.Over-expression of GRP78 specifically inhibited SR-A-mediated uptake of fluorescent acetylated low-density lipoprotein, a specific ligand for SR-A, without altering cellular SR-A expression and binding ability, and significantly inhibited cholesterol ester accumulation in cells, which can be partly attributed to the suppression of c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathway.These results suggest that GRP78 may act as an inhibitor of SR-A-mediated internalization of modified low-density lipoprotein into macrophages(C) 2009 Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.
