BIBR1532 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cancer cells by inducing telomere dysregulation

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality,and easy to develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes located at the termini of chro-mosomes in eukaryotic cells,which are unreplaceable in maintaining the stability and integrity of genome.Telomerase,an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase,play vital role in telomere length maintain,targeting telomerase is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells were cultured and exposed to various concentrations of BIBR1532.Cell viability was assessed at 48 hours and 72 hours to determine the IC50 values.The effects of BIBR1532 on ESCC cell proliferation,migration,and cellular senescence were evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay,plate colony formation assay,scratch assay,transwell assay,andβ-galactosidase staining,respectively.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of RESULTS The IC50 values for KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells after 48 hours of BIBR1532 exposure were 48.53μM and 39.59μM,respectively.These values decreased to 37.22μM and 22.71μM,respectively,following a longer exposure of 72 hours.BIBR1532 exhibited dose-dependent effects on KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells,including decreased hTERT expression,inhibition of proliferation and metastasis,and induction of cellular senescence.Mechanistically,BIBR1532 upregulated the expression of the DDR protein,γ-H2AX,and activated the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein(ATR)/check point kinase 1(CHK-1)and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene(ATM)/CHK2 pathways.BIBR1532 downregulated the expression of telomere-binding proteins,including telomeric-repeat binding factor 1(TRF1),TRF2,protection of telomeres 1,and TIN2-interacting protein 1.In a nude mouse xenograft model,BIBR1532 significantly suppressed tumor growth,reduced hTERT expression,and increasedγ-H2AX protein levels.Hematoxylin and eosin staining of various organs,including the heart,liver,spleen,lungs,and kidneys,revealed no apparent adverse effects.CONCLUSION BIBR1532 exerts anti-cancer effects on ESCC by inducing DDR through the ATR/CHK1 and ATM/CHK2 pathways and downregulating the expression of telomere-binding proteins.

Protein and gene expression characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM To investigate the expression characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1(HNRNPH1) m RNA and protein in cell lines and tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). METHODS Western blotting was used to assess the expression of HNRNPH1 protein in seven ESCC cell lines and 30 paired fresh tissue specimens. The subcellular localization of HNRNPH1 was determined by immunofluorescence in ESCC cells. The RNA sequencing data from 87 patients with ESCC were obtained from the cancer genome atlas(TCGA), and the expression and clinical characteristics analysis of different transcript variants of HNRNPH1 were evaluated in this dataset. In addition, immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of HNRNPH1 protein in 125 patients.RESULTS The expression of HNRNPH1 protein varied across different ESCC cell lines. It was exclusively restricted to the nucleus of the ESCC cells. There are two transcript variants of the HNRNPH1 gene. Variant 1 was constitutively expressed, and its expression did not change during tumorigenesis. In contrast, levels of variant 2 were low in non-tumorous tissues and were dramatically increased in ESCC(P = 0.0026). The high levels of variant 2 were associated with poorer differentiated tumors(P = 0.0287). Furthermore, in paired fresh tissue specimens, HNRNPH1 protein was overexpressed in 73.3%(22/30) of neoplastic tissues. HNRNPH1 was significantly upregulated in ESCC, with strong staining in 43.2%(54/125) of tumor tissues and 22.4%(28/125) of matched non-cancerous tissues(P = 0.0005). Positive HNRNPH1 expression was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation degree(P = 0.0337).CONCLUSION The different alternative transcript variants of HNRNPH1 exhibited different expression changes during tumorigenesis. Its m RNA and protein were overexpressed in ESCC and associated with poorer differentiation of tumor cells. These findings highlight the potential of HNRNPH1 in the therapy and diagnosis of ESCC.

Circulating tumor DNA dynamics analysis in a xenograft mouse model with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND It remains unclear which factors,such as tumor volume and tumor invasion,influence circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),and the origin of ctDNA in liquid biopsy is always problematic.To use liquid biopsies clinically,it will be very important to address these questions.AIM To assess the origin of ctDNA,clarify the dynamics of ctDNA levels,assess ctDNA levels by using a xenograft mouse after treatment,and to determine whether tumor volume and invasion are related to ctDNA levels.METHODS Tumor xenotransplants were established by inoculating BALB/c-nu/nu mice with the TE11 cell line.Groups of mice were injected with xenografts at two or four sites and sacrificed at the appropriate time point after xenotransplantation for ctDNA analysis.Analysis of ctDNA was performed by droplet digital PCR,using the human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)gene.RESULTS Mice given two-site xenografts were sacrificed for ctDNA at week 4 and week 8.No hTERT was detected at week 4,but it was detected at week 8.However,in four-site xenograft mice,hTERT was detected both at week 4 and week 6.These experiments revealed that both tumor invasion and tumor volume were asso ciated with the detection of ctDNA.In resection experiments,hTERT was detected at resection,but had decreased by 6 h,and was no longer detected 1 and 3 d after resection.CONCLUSION We clarified the origin and dynamics of ctDNA,showing that tumor volume is an important factor.We also found that when the tumor was completely resected,ctDNA was absent after one or more days.

Inflammatory cytokines promote inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated DNA damage in hamster gallbladder epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the link between chronic biliary inflammation and carcinogenesis using hamster gallbladder epithelial cells. METHODS: Gallbladder epithelial cells were isolated from hamsters and cultured with a mixture of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-α. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression,nitric oxide (NO) generation,and DNA damage were evaluated. RESULTS: NO generation was increased significantly following cytokine stimulation,and suppressed by an iNOS inhibitor. iNOS mRNA expression was demonstrated in the gallbladder epithelial cells during exposure to inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore,NO-dependent DNA damage,estimated by the comet assay,was significantly increased by cytokines,and decreased to control levels by an iNOS inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Cytokine stimulation induced iNOS expression and NO generation in normal hamster gallbladder epithelial cells,which was sufficient to cause DNA damage. These results indicate that NO-mediated genotoxicity induced by inflammatory cytokines through activation of iNOS may be involved in the process of biliary carcinogenesis in response to chronic inflammation of the biliary tree.

Change and Signif icance of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To compare the differences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies among the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), para-neoplastic tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus, and to study the relationship between the mtDNA and the occurrence and devel- opment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS The mtDNA copies of 42 specimens with the ESCC, paraneoplastic mucous tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus were determined using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The mtDNA was analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The mtDNA from all of the tissues (42/42) from the ESCC, para-neoplastic tissue and normal esophageal mucous membranes was analyzed, showing that there were an average mtDNA copy number of 27.1894×106 μg DNA, 9.4102×106 μg DNA and 5.9347×106 μg DNA, from the respective tissues. There were signifi cant differences (F=27.83, P<0.05) in mtDNA copy number among the three. A positive band was shown at 403 bp after gel electrophoresis of the PCR products, and the lane where the ESCC mtDNA located was rather bright, which was in accordance with the result of the real-time PCR determination. CONCLUSION An increase in the mtDNA copy number is related to the occurrence and development of ESCC.

Telomeric associations of chromosomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

AIM To investigate the role of telomeric association in the development of esophageal cancer. METHODS Using chromosome R banding technique, telomeric association of chromosome in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 untreated patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were observed and 16 healthy adults served as controls. RESULTS The telomeric association frequencies of cell and chromosomes were significantly higher than those of controls (x 2=9.56,P<0.01), but its distribution on the chromosome showed no significant difference (x 2=1.01, P>0.05) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Chromosomal instability can be initiated by telomeric associations, and sequential chromosome analysis can aid the understanding of the tumor occurrence and progression.

Aberrant methylation of the 3q25 tumor suppressor gene PTX3 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM:To identify the novel methylation-silenced gene pentraxin 3(PTX3) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS:PTX3 mRNA expression was examined in six human ESCC cell lines,one human immortalized normal esophageal epithelial cell line,primary ESCC tumor tissue,and paired adjacent nontumor tissue using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine cellular localisation and protein levels.Methylation specific PCR and bisulphite genomic sequencing were employed to investigate the methylation of the candidate gene.RESULTS:In the majority of ESCC cell lines,we found that PTX3 expression was down-regulated due to gene promoter hypermethylation,which was further confirmed by bisulphite genomic sequencing.Demethylation treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored PTX3 mRNA expression in ESCC cell lines.Methylation was more common in tumor tissues(85%) than in adjacent nontumor tissues(25%)(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:PTX3 is down-regulated through promoter hypermethylation in ESCC,and could potentially serve as a biomarker of ESCC.

Computational Analysis Reveals MicroRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Micro RNAs（mi RNAs） are known to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression.They are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression.The aim of this study was to explore the micro RNA-m RNA regulatory network in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC） using comprehensive computational approaches.In this study we have selected a total of 11 mi RNAs from one previously reported study in ESCC.The m RNA targets of these mi RNAs were predicted using various algorithms.The expression profiles of these m RNA targets were identified on DNA microarray experiment dataset across ESCC tissue samples.Based on the mi RNA-m RNA regulatory relationships,the network was inferred.A total of 23 mi RNA-m RNA regulatory interactions,with 11 mi RNAs and 13 m RNA targets,were inferred in ESCC.The mi RNA-m RNA regulatory network with increased confidence provides insights into the progression of ESCC and may serve as a biomarker for prognosis or the aggressiveness of ESCC.However,the results should be examined with further experimental validation.

UbcH5a调控DNA损伤修复蛋白表达对食管癌细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的:构建过表达人泛素交联酶UbcH5a基因的稳定转染食管鳞癌EC109细胞株,研究UbcH5a影响食管癌放射敏感性的机制。方法:将EC109细胞分为空白对照组(不处理)、阴性对照组(转染pEGFP-C1质粒)和过表达组(转染pEGFP-UbcH5a质粒)。分别采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和western blotting法检测UbcH5a mRNA及蛋白表达以验证转染效率,克隆形成实验检测2 Gy X线照射后的细胞存活分数(SF2),免疫荧光检测DNA损伤灶点,western blotting法检测DNA损伤修复相关蛋白(ATM、ATR、p-ATM、p-ATR、Chk1、Chk2和BRCA1)表达。结果:与空白对照组相比,过表达组UbcH5a mRNA及蛋白表达水平升高,SF2降低,DNA损伤灶点增多(均P<0.05),而阴性对照组无明显变化(P>0.05)。与阴性对照组相比,过表达组经X线照射前、后ATM、ATR、p-ATM、p-ATR、Chk1、Chk2和BRCA1表达均显著下调(均P<0.05)。结论:UbcH5a通过抑制DNA损伤修复相关蛋白表达来增强食管癌细胞的放射敏感性。

薯蓣皂苷增强DNA损伤促进口腔鳞癌细胞凋亡

目的:研究薯蓣皂苷对人口腔鳞癌细胞SCC4、SCC25 DNA损伤和凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法:SCC4、SCC25细胞用不同浓度薯蓣皂苷(0.0、0.1、0.3、1.0、3.0、10.0和30.0μmol/L)处理48 h,通过CCK-8实验检测细胞活力;不同浓度(0.0、1.0、2.0、4.0μmol/L)薯蓣皂苷处理SCC4细胞48 h,采用免疫荧光技术检测γH2AX在SCC4细胞核内的表达情况;通过Western blotting检测DNA损伤修复蛋白的表达情况;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,最后通过Western blotting检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达变化。结果:薯蓣皂苷浓度依赖性地抑制了SCC4和SCC25细胞的活性(P<0.05);与薯蓣皂苷0.0μmol/L组比较,各薯蓣皂苷处理组SCC4细胞核中γH2AX的荧光表达强度显著上调(P<0.05);与薯蓣皂苷0.0μmol/L组比较,各薯蓣皂苷处理组SCC4、SCC25细胞DNA损伤信号蛋白P-ATM、P-CHK1、P-CHK2、γH2AX表达上升;与薯蓣皂苷0.0μmol/L组比较,各薯蓣皂苷处理组SCC4、SCC25细胞Cleaved-PARP、Cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白表达均升高。结论:薯蓣皂苷能抑制口腔鳞癌细胞的活性,并促进细胞的凋亡,其作用机制可能和其促进细胞的DNA损伤有关。

Antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates for targeted treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are a new type of targeting antibodies that conjugate with highly toxic anticancer drugs via chemical linkers to exert high specificity and efficient killing of tumor cells,thereby attracting considerable attention in precise oncology therapy.Cetuximab(Cet)is a typical antibody that offers the benefits of good targeting and safety for individuals with advanced and inoperable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC);however,its anti-tumor activity is limited to a single use.Cisplatin(CisPt)shows good curative effects;however,its adverse effects and non-tumor-targeting ability are major drawbacks.In this study,we designed and developed a new ADC based on a new cytotoxic platinum(IV)prodrug(C8Pt(IV))and Cet.The so-called antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates,named Cet-C8Pt(IV),showed excellent tumor targeting in cSCC.Specifically,it accurately delivered C8Pt(IV)into tumor cells to exert the combined anti-tumor effect of Cet and CisPt.Herein,metabolomic analysis showed that Cet-C8Pt(IV)promoted cellular apoptosis and increased DNA damage in cSCC cells by affecting the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway in tumor cells,thereby further enhancing the tumor-killing ability and providing a new strategy for clinical cancer treatment using antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates.

Epigenetic silencing schlafen-11 sensitizes esophageal cancer to ATM inhibitor

BACKGROUND Targeting DNA damage response(DDR)pathway is a cutting-edge strategy.It has been reported that Schlafen-11(SLFN11)contributes to increase chemosensitivity by participating in DDR.However,the detailed mechanism is unclear.AIM To investigate the role of SLFN11 in DDR and the application of synthetic lethal in esophageal cancer with SLFN11 defects.METHODS To reach the purpose,eight esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines,142 esophageal dysplasia(ED)and 1007 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)samples and various techniques were utilized,including methylationspecific polymerase chain reaction,CRISPR/Cas9 technique,Western blot,colony formation assay,and xenograft mouse model.RESULTS Methylation of SLFN11 was exhibited in 9.15%of(13/142)ED and 25.62%of primary(258/1007)ESCC cases,and its expression was regulated by promoter region methylation.SLFN11 methylation was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and tumor size(both P<0.05).However,no significant associations were observed between promoter region methylation and age,gender,smoking,alcohol consumption,TNM stage,or lymph node metastasis.Utilizing DNA damaged model induced by low dose cisplatin,SLFN11 was found to activate non-homologous end-joining and ATR/CHK1 signaling pathways,while inhibiting the ATM/CHK2 signaling pathway.Epigenetic silencing of SLFN11 was found to sensitize the ESCC cells to ATM inhibitor(AZD0156),both in vitro and in vivo.CONCLUSION SLFN11 is frequently methylated in human ESCC.Methylation of SLFN11 is sensitive marker of ATM inhibitor in ESCC.

细胞周期调控因子p27、Cyclin D1和DNA含量在食管癌中联合检测的意义

目的探讨食管癌中CyclinD1、p27的表达及与DNA含量联合测定的意义及相互关系。方法收集食管癌组织及癌周正常组织标本,应用免疫组织化学检测CyclinD1、p27蛋白表达,应用流式细胞术检测DNA含量。结果食管癌组织中CyclinD1和p27蛋白表达阳性率分别为45.8%和33.3%,CyclinD1表达阳性组的DNA含量显著高于CyclinD1表达阴性组分别为(1.54±0.21)和(1.08±0.43),(P<0.05),而p27表达阳性组的DNA含量和SPF值低于p27蛋白表达阴性组分别为(1.10±0.19),(5.56±5.18)%和(1.66±0.28),(19.78±6.12)%,(P<0.05)。结论CyclinD1、p27蛋白与食管癌的发生、发展有关,检测CyclinD1、p27及DNA含量可作为诊断和评估食管癌恶性程度的重要指标.

肝细胞肝癌预后与病理特征、PCNA和DNA指数的关系

目的 研究肝细胞肝癌 (HCC)患者预后与肿瘤的病理形态特征、PCNA指数及DNA指数的关系。方法 分析 5 1例中等分化HCC患者的临床、随访资料及病理形态特征 ;应用免疫组织化学方法检测其PCNA阳性指数 ;应用图像分析仪进行DNA指数测量。结果 癌灶单个 ,直径≤ 5cm ,无癌栓、无肿瘤旁子灶及癌性坏死患者预相对较好 ;DNA整数倍体预后好于非整倍体 ,非整倍体中DI<1.5者又好于 >1.5者 ;PCNA指数越高 ,患者预后越差 ;DI与PCNA指数有一定的相关 ,且两者与病理形态特征间也有关联。结论 进行病理形态学和PCNA。

lncRNA NEAT1通过抑制DNA损伤促进肺腺癌PC-9细胞的增殖

目的:研究长链非编码RNA核富集转录体1(lncRNA NEAT1)对肺腺癌PC-9细胞增殖能力的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:qPCR检测人肺腺癌PC-9细胞与人胚肺二倍体2BS细胞中lncRNA NEAT1的表达水平;设计并合成lncRNA NEAT1的小干扰RNA(siRNA)序列,采用脂质体法转染PC-9细胞,通过qPCR检测转染前后PC-9细胞NEAT1的表达水平。MTT法、流式细胞术分别检测lncRNA NEAT1敲低对PC-9细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响;WB检测转染前后DNA损伤相关蛋白,即共济失调毛细血管扩张突变蛋白(ATM)和双链DNA损伤标志物γ-H2AX的表达水平。结果:与2BS细胞相比,PC-9细胞中lncRNA NEAT1呈高表达(P<0.05)。成功建立NEAT1敲低的PC-9细胞,转染siRNA 12 h后siNEAT1-1及siNEAT1-2干扰组细胞增殖能力较空白对照组及空转染组明显下降(P<0.05);干扰组细胞周期被阻滞在G1期[(88.97±2.64)%(,88.15±1.48)%vs(84.5±1.72)%,P<0.05]和G2/M期[(8.35±2.02)%,(8.11±1.36)%vs(4.28±1.28)%,P<0.05];干扰组细胞中DNA损伤相关蛋白ATM和γ-H2AX表达水平显著升高(均P<0.05)。结论:lncRNA NETA1在肺腺癌PC-9细胞呈高表达,其可通过抑制DNA损伤导致细胞周期G1/M期转变促进肺腺癌细胞PC-9的增殖能力。

人食管鳞癌EC9706细胞线粒体DNA与凋亡的关系

目的建立人食管鳞癌EC9706细胞的无线粒体DNA(ρ°)细胞,探讨食管癌线粒体DNA与凋亡的关系。方法在细胞培养液中加EB50μg/ml、尿嘧啶50μg/ml、丙酮酸100μg/ml,进行连续传代培养,获得完全缺失mtDNA的细胞(ρ°细胞);运用实时荧光定量PCR技术,检测EB处理后不同时间的人食管鳞癌细胞EC9706 mtDNA的拷贝数,并采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳对mtDNA进行定性检测;采用TUNEL染色和流式细胞技术,检测EB处理后不同时间人食管鳞癌细胞EC9706的凋亡情况。结果成功建立了人食管鳞癌细胞EC9706的ρ°细胞,经实时荧光定量PCR鉴定,发现在EB存在下,随着细胞分裂,mtDNA拷贝数进行性减少,直到12天,mtDNA完全丢失;流式细胞术检测结果显示,EC9706细胞EB处理后,第4天、8天及12天细胞凋亡率(%)分别为(2.78±1.04)、(11.68±1.85)、(26.62±1.06),与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);TUNEL检测结果与上述一致,从第4天到第12天凋亡也逐渐增加。结论成功建立了EC9706ρ°细胞。随着EC9706细胞mtDNA拷贝数量的逐渐减少,细胞凋亡率逐渐增加,表明mtDNA在诱导细胞凋亡中起着一定调控作用,提示选择性地诱导食管癌细胞mtDNA损伤,使食管癌细胞mtDNA拷贝数量明显减少,进而诱导细胞凋亡,可望成为食管癌生物治疗的一个新靶点。

番茄汁对人前列腺癌细胞DNA损伤作用的影响

目的探讨番茄汁对人前列腺癌细胞株(PC-3)DNA损伤作用的影响。方法于人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的细胞培养液中分别加入番茄汁40,80,120μl/ml,培养48h;用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)检测番茄汁对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞DNA损伤程度。结果番茄汁可引起PC-3细胞DNA链断裂,细胞尾长与拖尾率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论番茄汁能导致人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的DNA损伤。

卵巢的子宫内膜样癌临床情况及DNA倍体分析与p^(53)基因蛋白增殖细胞核抗原表达测定的研究

目的：研究卵巢的子宫内膜样癌ｐ５３基因蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达与ＤＮＡ倍体分析之间的相互关系，并对其与临床分期、病理学分级与残存瘤的关系等进行分析、比较。方法：应用流式细胞技术及ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ单克隆抗体免疫组化技术对卵巢的子宫内膜样癌１３例进行倍体分析及基因、抗原测定。结果：ＤＮＡ异倍体率为７８％，ｐ５３基因蛋白表达率为４６％，ＰＣＮＡ表达率为９２％。ＤＮＡ倍体分析与临床Ⅱ～Ⅳ期、病理２～３级及残存瘤＞２ｃｍ者有关，异倍体阳性率分别为９０．９％、８８．８％、８７．５％，明显高于临床Ⅰ期、病理１级及无残存瘤者。ｐ５３在临床Ⅱ～Ⅳ期、病理２～３级表达率分别为６８．６％和５５．５％，均高于临床Ⅰ期及病理１级者，并对ＤＮＡ倍体水平与ｐ５３表达之间的关系进行了探讨。结论：ＤＮＡ异倍体与ｐ５３基因蛋白表达阳性可作为卵巢的子宫内膜样癌恶性程度的重要指标。

增殖细胞核抗原表达及细胞核DNA含量在胃癌早期诊断中的意义

应用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法及流式细胞分析技术（ＦＣＭ），对１２例早期胃癌，１５例胃癌前病变（８例胃粘膜中～重度不典型增生，７例轻度不典型增生）及６例正常胃粘膜增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达及细胞核ＤＮＡ含量进行了测定。着重探讨了胃粘膜癌变过程中ＰＣＮＡ的表达及ＤＮＡ含量变化的意义，试图为胃癌的早期诊断提供客观依据。结果表明：ＰＣＮＡ标记指数（ＬＩ）随胃粘膜病变程度的加重呈递增趋势。中～重度不典型增生与早期胃癌之间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＤＮＡ非整倍体检出率比较，早期胃癌明显高于胃粘膜轻度不典型增生组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。

食管鳞状细胞癌组织中线粒体DNA含量及拷贝数量的变化

目的:比较食管鳞状细胞癌组织、癌旁组织和正常食管组织中线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)含量及拷贝数量的差异,探讨mtDNA与食管鳞状细胞癌发生、发展的关系。方法:应用半定量PCR法分别扩增62例食管鳞状细胞癌组织及其相应的癌旁组织和正常食管组织中的mtDNA编码区,琼脂糖凝胶电泳比较3种组织中mtDNA含量的差异;利用荧光定量PCR技术定量检测上述3组样品中的mtDNA拷贝数,并采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳对mtDNA含量进行定性检测。结果:食管鳞状细胞癌组织、癌旁组织及正常食管组织中mtDNA的检出率均为100%(62/62),但食管鳞状细胞癌组织中mtDNA相对含量高于癌旁组织及正常食管组织(P<0.05)。食管鳞状细胞癌组织、癌旁组织和正常食管组织中mtDNA的平均拷贝数分别为(26.79±0.92)×106、(26.43±0.96)×106和(25.42±0.85)×106,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=37.532,P<0.05)。2种PCR结果一致。结论:mtDNA拷贝数量的增加与食管鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展密切相关。