GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Rhizome and Root of Notopterygium forbesii

Aim To analyse the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the rhizome and root of Notopterygium forbesii Boiss. and provide scientific basis for quality control. Methods The total essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by capillary gas chromatography (GC). The components were determined by normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 217 peaks and 100 compounds were identified, accounting for 78.3% of the total essential oil. Conclu...

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Rhizome and Root of Notopterygium incisum

Aim To analyse the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. Chang, providing scientific basis for quality control. Methods The total essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by capillary gas chromatography （GC）. The components were determined by normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 242 peaks and 83 compounds were identified, accounting for 75.77% of the total essential oil. Conclusion In the total essential oil of the rhizome and root of N. incisum, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounted for 13.63% and 67.93%, respectively, in which （ 1S）-β-pinene （ 1.67% ）, 3-carene （ 1.05% ）, limonene （ 1.22% ）, and 1S-endo-bornyl acetate （ 1.68% ） as the monoterpenes and its derivatives, and （ ＋ ） -β-elemene （6.78%）, sativene （1.54%）, α-caryophyllene （2.64%）, germacrene D （1.67%）, eudesma-4 （ 14 ）, ll-diene （2.36%）, α-selinene （2.42%）, δ-cadinene （ 1.55% ）, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol （1.03%）, （ ＋ ）-elemol （5.18%）, （-）-spathulenol （1.40%）, guaiol （3.81%）, dehydroxy-isocalamendiol （ 1.06% ）, γ-eudesmol （ 1.05% ）, α-eudesmol （7.97%）, bulnesol （3.09%）, and carotol （2. 30% ） as the sesquiterpenes and its derivatives were main components. In addition, isopropyl transcinnamate was the maximum compound （ 11.3% ） of the total essential oil.

Identification of Secondary Metabolites in Tunisian Tilia platyphyllos Scop.Using MALDI-TOF and GC-MS

This study is the first to evaluate the phytochemical content and biological properties of Tunisian T.platyphyllos Scop.A total of 23 compounds of essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis of bracts and fruit extracts.The results show that oxygenated monoterpenes were the dominant class of essential oils.The phenolic composition was investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizationtime of flight(MALDI-TOF).The analysis showed that the chemical profiles of the ethanolic extracts of bracts and fruits are substantially similar.The highest polyphenol content was found in the ethanolic extracts of the fruits(7.65 mg gallic acid equivalents(GAE).g−1 on dry weight(DW).As for the antioxidant capacity,it was recorded in the essential oils of the fruits(IC_(50)=0.91 mg.mL^(−1)).The results obtained showed that the antioxidant activity of the fruit essential oil was higher than that of the ethanol extract.The fruit essential oil was also found to have the highest reducing power(IC_(50)=0.67 mg.mL^(−1)).In terms of iron-chelating power,fruit essential oil has the highest chelating power(IC_(50)=2.03 mg.mL^(−1)).Compared to the ethanolic extract,the essential oil had the maximum antioxidant capacity.The enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibition of the essential oil from T.platyphyllos bracts had the most potent inhibitory effect(IC_(50)=0.77 mg.mL^(−1)),followed by the essential oil from the fruits(IC_(50)=0.95 mg.mL^(−1)).The results suggest that T.platyphyllos can be used as a potential source of naturally occurring bioactive compounds and antioxidants.

Studies on the Components of Essential Oil of <i>Zanthoxylum Armatum</i>by Gc-Ms

The essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum was extracted through hydro distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Hydrocarbon fraction (17.35%) of the oil was much lower and oxygenated compounds comprised fairly high portion of essential oil (39.21%). Percentages of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes found were 47.33% and 10.83% respectively. Oxygenated monoterpenes comprised major profile of chromatogram of essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum i.e. 37.23% where as monoterpene hydrocarbons were 10.09%. Alcoholic percentage was much higher i.e. 26.76% and 15-hexadecanoloide (6.58%) the only cyclic ester was found in relatively high percentage.

GC-MS Analysis and in Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i>Seed Essential Oil

Essential oil from seeds of Foeniculum vulgare was extracted on Clevenger apparatus. Essential oil was analyzed on Gas-Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from which thirty six components were identified, among which 6 major and 30 minor components having different structural formulae and molecular weight representing total 99.98% of oil. Essential was investigated for its antibacterial and antifungal activity against seven infectious microbial pathogens. Paper disc diffusion and serial micro-dilution assays were performed for the determination of inhibition zone (DIZ) diameters and minimal inhibitory concentration, respectively. The Foeniculum vulgare essential oil showed the Diameter of Inhibition Zone (DIZ) ranging from 19.4 ± 0.07 - 26.4 ± 0.09 mm at a concentration level of 28 μg/disc in all the ten strains tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil against bacterial and fungal strains was obtained in the range of 7.0 - 56 μg/ml. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil is due to the presence of certain secondary plant metabolites such as terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids, esters and acids which are identified in the essential oil. The oil components can be further studied for their biological activity and overcome the problem of drug resistance in microbes.

GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extract of the Seeds of Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst

Background: Steganotaenia araliacea is a multipurpose plant and has wider applications in the folklore for the treatment of various ailments. Previously the presence of antileukemic lignan lactones and saponins was detected in the stem bark, root and leaf of Steganotaenia araliacea. Besides, the diuretic and antibacterial activities of the plant were reported. However, there has been no attempt to examine the constituents of the seeds of Steganotaenia araliacea. This paper reports the first such study of both the essential oil and methanol extract of the seeds of the plant. Methods: The seeds of the plant were shade dried, pounded and thus extracted using methanol. Besides, the essential oil of the seeds was collected using steam distillation. The components of the methanol extract were studied both by GC-MS and preliminary phytochemical studies;the essential oil was running on GC-MS for analysis. Results: The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of the seeds identified the presence of α-linalool, α-pinene, m-cresol, p-menth-1-en-4-ol, p-menth-1-en-8-ol, myristicin and others. Besides, the methanol extract of the seeds showed the presence of falcarinol, apiol, scoparone, stigmasterol, myristicin etc. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of the seeds confirms the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarines, steroids, and phenols. Conclusion: This plant contains bioactive metabolites and thus can be used as an alternative and complementary medicine in treatment of different ailments. However, further studies on the bioactivity and toxicity of the plant should be done.

GC-MS analysis of essential oil of <i>Paeonia suffruticosa</i>Andrews from ZhaoFen and RouFurong flowers in China

The flowers of ZhaoFen and RouFurong may contain essential oils with natural aromatic ingredients. In the present work, the chemical compositions of essential oil of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews from the flowers of ZhaoFen and RouFurong grown only in China were investigated by GC-MS analysis. The results indicate that there are 27 constituents in ZhaoFen and 29 constituents in RouFurong, which account for 96.04% and 95.90% of the oils of ZhaoFen and RouFurong, respectively. The major components of the essential oils are character-rized by oxygenated terpenols, and their content is, respectively, 85.06% and 83.47%. The essential oil of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews was reported for the first time on the aerial parts.

铁线莲属植物挥发成分的GC-MS研究

In this paper,essential oils from seven different species of Clematis plant were extracted by water steam distillation.Their chromatography fingerprints were obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Compounds were mainly identified through mass spectrometry comparing with the NIST02 database.The overlapped peaks were resolved by chemometric resolution methods,obtaining pure chromatography and pure mass spectrometry.The resolved pure mass spectrometry then compared with NIST02 database.The relative quantitative results were obtained by peak area normalization.62 compounds accounting for 87.96% to 97.19% of the total essential oils were identified.It showed that Eugenol,n-hexadecanoic acid and Z,Z-9,12-octadecadienoic acid were their common main compounds although the contents vary with different samples.The chemical compositions in essential oils from different species or different parts of Clematis are also very different.This research provides us chemical bases for further exploitation of Clematis.

西藏罗花挥发油GC-MS分析

The chemical constituents of the essential oil from the traditional Tibetan medicine of Incarvillea younghusbandii were analyzed by GC-MS.More than 70 peaks were separated and 39 compounds were identified which accounted for 66.2% of the total essential oil from the whole plants of I.younghusbandii.

槲叶雪莲花的挥发油GC-MS分析

The chemical constituents of the essential oil from the whole plants of Saussurea quercifolia were analyzed by GC-MS.More than 70 peaks were separated and 56 compounds were identified.The main chemical compounds of the essential oil were phytone,zingiberenol,bisabolol and β-selinene etc.

藏药材长花党参的GC-MS分析

The chemical constituents of the essential oil from the whole plants of the traditional Tibetan medicine of Codonopsis thalictrifolia Wall.were analyzed by GC-MS.More than 60 peaks were separated and 45 of them were identified by comparing their mass spectra with that of the standards in the database and the literatures.

褐毛垂头菊花精油的GC-MS分析

The chemical constituents of the essential oil from the flowers of traditional Tibetan medicine of Cremanthodium brummeo-pilosum were analyzed by GC-MS.More than 60 peaks were separated and 33 compounds were identified which accounted for 63% of the total essential oil from the flowers of C.brummeo-pilosum.

药对萸黄连-木香挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

将药对萸黄连-木香中的挥发油成分进行气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)检测,并用自动质谱去卷积软件(AMDIS)和保留指数(RI)定性分析,利用峰面积归一化法对化学成分定量。从药对中鉴定出76种化学组分,主要成分为去氢木香内酯(9.51%)、异土木香内酯(2.90%)、α-木香醇(4.94%)、α-檀香醇(4.40%)等。

Extraction of Perilla Seed Oil Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and GC-MS Analysis

[Objective] This study was aimed to determine the optimal parameters for the extraction of perilla seed oil to obtain high-quality perilla seed oil and analyze its compositions. [Method] In this study, perilla seed oil was extracted using supercritical CO2 （SC-CO2）. The effects of extraction time, temperature and pressure were investigated by single-factor experiments and orthogonal array testing （ORT）. The chemical compositions of extracted perilla seed oil were investigated by GC-MS. [Result] The optimal conditions for the extraction of perilla seed oil using SC-CO2 were extraction time of 4 h, extraction temperature at 40 ℃, and extraction pressure at 23 MPa. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of perilla seed oil was maximized to 12.43%. GC-MS analysis revealed that perilla seed oil was a complex mixture containing 76.183% α-linolenic acid. [Conclusion] Supercritical CO2 extraction was proven to be an effective technology to extract oil from perilla seed, and GCMS was also a satisfactory method for analyzing the compositions of perilla seed oil.

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil from Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f.ex Benth (Rutaceae) against three mosquito species

Objective:To determine the mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil and their chemical constituents from Clausena anisata（C.anisata）（Willd.） Hook.f.ex Benth.against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles Stephensi.Methods:Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.The mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty lateⅢinstar larvae of three mosquito species were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range tests,essential oil was tested at 50.100.150,200 and 250 ppm and each compound was tested at various concentration（5-75 ppm） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC50 values of the C.anisata leaf essential oil and their major compounds were determined following Probit analysis.Results:The oil contained were mainlyβ-pinene（32.8%）,sabinene（28.3%）,germacrene-D（12.7%）,estragole （6.4%） and linalool（5.9%）.The essential oil from the leaves of C.anisata exhibited significant larvicidal activity,with 24 h LC50 values of 140.96,130.19 and 119.59 ppm.respectively.The five pure constituents extracted from the C.anisata leaf essential oil were also tested individually against three mosquito larvae.The LC50 values ofβ-pinene,sabinene,germacrene-D,estragole and linalool appeared to be most effective against Anopheles stephensi(LC50-23.17,19.67,16.95. 11.01,35.17 ppm) followed by Aedes aegypti(LC50-27.69,21.20,18.76,12.70,38.64 ppm) and Culex quinquefasciatus(LC50-32.23,25.01.21.28,14.01,42.28).Conclusions:The essential oil of C. anisata contains five major compounds and has remarkable larvicidal properties,which may be considered as a potent source for the production of natural larvicides.

Chemical composition, mechanism of antibacterial action and antioxidant activity of leaf essential oil of Forsythia koreana deciduous shrub

Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of Forsythia koreana(F. koreana) and evaluate its ef ects on bacterial strains. Methods: The essential oil of leaf of F. koreana was extracted by using hydrodistillation process and the volatile components investigated with the help of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was carried out with the help of agar disc dif usion method, MIC, MBC and viable count. The mode of action was determined with help of potassium ion l ux, cellular material release and scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant activity was determined with the help of 2, 3-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, nitric oxide scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging assay. Results: Total ten compounds were identii ed as trans-phytol(42.73%), cis-3-hexenol(12.95%), 毬-linalool(10.68%), trans-2-hexenal(8.86%), trans-2-hexenol(8.86%), myrcenol(3.86%), 4-vinylphenyl acetate(3.86%),(4Z)-4,6-heptadien-1-ol(3.18%), lemonol(2.73%) and benzeneacetaldehyde(2.27%) by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was demonstrated that leaf essential oil of F. koreana act against foodborne and other pathogenic bacteria. The mode of action revealed that this essential oil acted on the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in loss of integrity and increased permeability. In addition, leaf essential oil of F. koreana was shown to be rich in linalool, which contributes to improved antioxidant activity. Conclusions: These results show that leaf essential oil of F. koreana has great potential as a natural food preservative, antibacterial and antioxidant agent.

Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of juice and peel oil of grapefruit varieties cultivated in India

Citrus family especially Grapefruit,has attained considerable attention due to the presence of a number of essential components that have cardiovascular and anti-hypertensive properties.The juice and essential oil extracted from eight recently released grapefruit cultivars were used to study physicochemical and antioxidant properties.The total soluble solids(TSS),titratable acidity(TA) and pH of juice samples extracted from various grapefruit varieties differed significantly.The refractive index,specific gravity and optical rotation values for the oil varied from 1.473 to 1.396,0.863 to 0.847 and +93 to +86,respectively.The percent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical activity(% DPPH activity) and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) values for grapefruit juice and peel oil varied from 24.06 to 18.79,2.91 to 1.44 mmol g^–1 and 84.87 to 74.73,7.76 to 5.73 mmol g^-1,respectively.There were significant differences in physicochemical,antioxidant properties and volatile profiles of extracted juice and oil.The oil exhibited higher DPPH and FRAP values than the juice.Among different components identified which accounted for over 99% of the volatile fraction,limonene,myrcene,and benzopyran were major components in all oil samples.

Comparison of Constituents and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia by Steam Distillation and Supercritical-CO_2 Fluid Extraction

Essential oil was extracted from Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC.by steam distillation（SD） and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction（SFE）,respectively.The constituents of the essentil oils extracted with those two methods were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and insecticidal activities of the essential oils were evaluated,then the results were compared to assess their biological activity.Thirty-one compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted by SD,and its main components were eucalyptol,α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol and so on.Twenty-two compounds were identified for the essential oil extracted by SFE,and its main components were cyclodecene,n-hexadecanoic acid and so on.Six chemical compositions were all contained in the essential oils extracted by the two methods,i.e.,eucalyptol,α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol,caryophyllene,[3aS-（3aα,3bβ,4β,7α,7aS）]-octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-（1-methylethyl）-1H-cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa-[1,2]benzene,nerolidol and（-）-Spathulenol.The fumigation toxicity of the essential oil obtained by means of SD to the adults of Sitophilus zeamais is significantly higher than that of the essential oil by means of SFE.The contact toxicity of the essential oil obtained by means of SFE to the adults of S.zeamais is higher than that of the essential oil obtained by means of SD,but the difference is not significant.

Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities of essential oils and extracts of fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)seeds from Egypt and China

The present study was conducted to assay the antioxidant activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts of fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)seeds from Egypt and China.The major components of the Egyptian fennel essential oil were estragole(51.04%),limonene(11.45%),l-fenchone(8.19%)and trans-anethole(3.62%)by GC–MS analysis.Whereas,the major constituents of Chinese fennel essential oil were transanethole(54.26%),estragole(20.25%),l-fenchone(7.36%)and limonene(2.41%).The fennel seed extracts from Egypt and China contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents(42.24 and 30.94 mg PE/g,respectively).The extracts exhibited good DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC50(6.34 and 7.17 mg/g),respectively.A high variation in free radical scavenging activities of essential oils was observed.The Chinese fennel essential oil showed high activity in DPPH radical scavenging with IC50(15.66 mg/g).The Egyptian fennel essential oil showed very low activity with IC50(141.82 mg/g).The results of the present investigation demonstrated significant variations in the antioxidant activities of fennel essential oils and extracts from Egypt and China.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from the Rhizomes of Iris bulleyana

Iris bulleyana has long been used as a remedy for detoxication and detumescence. Hydrodistillation was used to extract the essential oil from its rhizomes, and 0.23% oil yield was obtained. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC- MS） analysis, 31 chemicals including aristolone, cuparene, β-gurjunene, δ-amorphene, α-muurolene, α-cadinol, camphor, γ-elemene, and τ-cadinol were identified. The essential oil exhibited antibacterial activity against Acetobacter calcoacetica, Bacillus subtillis, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Its antifungal and antioxidant activities were also tested.