In this paper we consider the empirical Bayes (EB) estimation problem for estimable function of regression coefficient in a multiple linear regression model Y=Xβ+e. where e with given β has a multivariate standard n...In this paper we consider the empirical Bayes (EB) estimation problem for estimable function of regression coefficient in a multiple linear regression model Y=Xβ+e. where e with given β has a multivariate standard normal distribution. We get the EB estimators by using kernel estimation of multivariate density function and its first order partial derivatives. It is shown that the convergence rates of the EB estimators are under the condition where an integer k > 1 . is an arbitrary small number and m is the dimension of the vector Y.展开更多
An online algorithm for training LS-SVM (Least Square Support VectorMachines) was proposed for the application of function estimation and classification. Online LS-SVMmeans that LS-SVM can be trained in an incremental...An online algorithm for training LS-SVM (Least Square Support VectorMachines) was proposed for the application of function estimation and classification. Online LS-SVMmeans that LS-SVM can be trained in an incremental way, and can be pruned to get sparseapproximation in a decremental way. When a SV (Support Vector) is added or removed, the onlinealgorithm avoids computing large-scale matrix inverse. Thus the computation cost is reduced. Onlinealgorithm is especially useful to realistic function estimation problem such as systemidentification. The experiments with benchmark function estimation problem and classificationproblem show the validity of this online algorithm.展开更多
Estimated Green’s function (EGF) between stations has been extracted from ambient seismic noise, direct surface wave and coda waves. It is also confirmed by laboratory experiments on ultrasonics and theoretical der...Estimated Green’s function (EGF) between stations has been extracted from ambient seismic noise, direct surface wave and coda waves. It is also confirmed by laboratory experiments on ultrasonics and theoretical derivations assuming diffusive wave field, equi-partition of modes or random sources on an enclosed surface. This method provides a new approach to study the crust and mantle structure at regional scale, continental scale and global scale. Following the achievements with seismometer records, the records of infrasonic station, hydrophone and microphone were also used to obtain the EGFs of different wave fields. Since superconducting gravimeter is a better long period instrument than regular seismometer, EGF at longer period is expected to be obtained with the cross correlation of gravity data. In this paper, we will show the EGFs extracted by cross-correlations between the superconducting gravimeters and the seismometers. Both the travel times and dispersion curves obtained from different data types are consistent. The result shows that it is possible to retrieve the deep structure by the cross correlation of gravity data.展开更多
The object of this paper is to establish the pointwise estimations of approximation of functions in C^1 and their derivatives by Hermite interpolation polynomials. The given orders have been proved to be exact in gen-...The object of this paper is to establish the pointwise estimations of approximation of functions in C^1 and their derivatives by Hermite interpolation polynomials. The given orders have been proved to be exact in gen- eral.展开更多
GMM inference procedures based on the square of the modulus of the model characteristic function are developed using sample moments selected using estimating function theory and bypassing the use of empirical characte...GMM inference procedures based on the square of the modulus of the model characteristic function are developed using sample moments selected using estimating function theory and bypassing the use of empirical characteristic function of other GMM procedures in the literature. The procedures are relatively simple to implement and are less simulation-oriented than simulated methods of inferences yet have the potential of good efficiencies for models with densities without closed form. The procedures also yield better estimators than method of moment estimators for models with more than three parameters as higher order sample moments tend to be unstable.展开更多
Let {Xn, n≥1} be a strictly stationary sequence of random variables, which are either associated or negatively associated, f(.) be their common density. In this paper, the author shows a central limit theorem for a k...Let {Xn, n≥1} be a strictly stationary sequence of random variables, which are either associated or negatively associated, f(.) be their common density. In this paper, the author shows a central limit theorem for a kernel estimate of f(.) under certain regular conditions.展开更多
Recently Guo introduced integrated Meyer -Konig and Zeller operators and studied the rate of convergence for function of bounded variation. In this note we give a sharp estimate for these operators.
Let X be a d-dimensional random vector with unknown density function f(z) = f (z1, ..., z(d)), and let f(n) be teh nearest neighbor estimator of f proposed by Loftsgaarden and Quesenberry (1965). In this paper, we est...Let X be a d-dimensional random vector with unknown density function f(z) = f (z1, ..., z(d)), and let f(n) be teh nearest neighbor estimator of f proposed by Loftsgaarden and Quesenberry (1965). In this paper, we established the law of the iterated logarithm of f(n) for general case of d greater-than-or-equal-to 1, which gives the exact pointwise strong convergence rate of f(n).展开更多
In this paper, we establish a sharp function estimate for the multilinear integral operators associated to the pseudo-differential operators. As the application, we obtain the L<sup>p</sup> (1 p norm ...In this paper, we establish a sharp function estimate for the multilinear integral operators associated to the pseudo-differential operators. As the application, we obtain the L<sup>p</sup> (1 p norm inequalities for the multilinear operators.展开更多
In this paper,we establish quantitative Green’s function estimates for some higher-dimensional lattice quasi-periodic(QP)Schrodinger operators.The resonances in the estimates can be described via a pair of symmetric ...In this paper,we establish quantitative Green’s function estimates for some higher-dimensional lattice quasi-periodic(QP)Schrodinger operators.The resonances in the estimates can be described via a pair of symmetric zeros of certain functions,and the estimates apply to the sub-exponential-type non-resonance conditions.As the application of quantitative Green’s function estimates,we prove both the arithmetic version of Anderson localization and the finite volume version of(1/2-)-Holder continuity of the integrated density of states(IDS)for such QP Schrodinger operators.This gives an affirmative answer to Bourgain’s problem in Bourgain(2000).展开更多
In this work, we introduce a method of fingerprint directional image partitioning based on GA. According to the fingerprint topology, A set of dynamic partition masks and a cost estimating function are designed to gui...In this work, we introduce a method of fingerprint directional image partitioning based on GA. According to the fingerprint topology, A set of dynamic partition masks and a cost estimating function are designed to guide the partitioning procedure. Finding best fitted mask application is converted to an functional optimizing problem, and we give out a GA solution to the problem. At last, we discuss the application of the proposed method in Fingerprint Classification.展开更多
Because ambient seismic noise provides estimated Green’s function (EGF) between two sites with high accuracy, Rayleigh wave propagation along the path connecting the two sites is well resolved. Therefore, earthquak...Because ambient seismic noise provides estimated Green’s function (EGF) between two sites with high accuracy, Rayleigh wave propagation along the path connecting the two sites is well resolved. Therefore, earthquakes which are close to one seismic station can be well located with calibration extracting from EGF. We test two algorithms in locating the 1998 Zhangbei earthquake, one algorithm is waveform-based, and the other is traveltime-based. We first compute EGF between station ZHB (a station about 40 km away from the epicenter) and five IC/IRIS stations. With the waveform-based approach, we calculate 1D synthetic single-force Green’s functions between ZHB and other four stations, and obtain traveltime corrections by correlating synthetic Green’s functions with EGFs in period band of 10–30 s. Then we locate the earthquake by minimizing the differential travel times between observed earthquake waveform and the 1D synthetic earthquake waveforms computed with focal mechanism provided by Global CMT after traveltime correction from EGFs. This waveform-based approach yields a location which error is about 13 km away from the location observed with InSAR. With the traveltime-based approach, we begin with measuring group velocity from EGFs as well as group arrival time on observed earthquake waveforms, and then locate the earthquake by minimizing the difference between observed group arrival time and arrival time measured on EGFs. This traveltime-based approach yields accuracy of 3 km, Therefore it is feasible to achieve GT5 (ground truth location with accuracy 5 km) with ambient seismic noises. The less accuracy of the waveform-based approach was mainly caused by uncertainty of focal mechanism.展开更多
Objective:A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for...Objective:A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)that represent the time course of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance test(GTT)in physiological studies is presented.The aim of this study was to explore how to interpret those laboratory glucose and insulin data as well as enhance the Ackerman mathematical model.Methods:Parameters estimation for a system of ODEs was performed by minimizing the sum of squared residuals(SSR)function,which quantifies the difference between theoretical model predictions and GTT's experimental observations.Our proposed perturbation search and multiple-shooting methods were applied during the estimating process.Results:Based on the Ackerman's published data,we estimated the key parameters by applying R-based iterative computer programs.As a result,the theoretically simulated curves perfectly matched the experimental data points.Our model showed that the estimated parameters,computed frequency and period values,were proven a good indicator of diabetes.Conclusion:The present paper introduces a computational algorithm to biomedical problems,particularly to endocrinology and metabolism fields,which involves two coupled differential equations with four parameters describing the glucose-insulin regulatory system that Ackerman proposed earlier.The enhanced approach may provide clinicians in endocrinology and metabolism field insight into the transition nature of human metabolic mechanism from normal to impaired glucose tolerance.展开更多
The study endeavors to provide statistical inference for a (1 + 1) cascade system for exponential distribution under joint effect of stress-strength attenuation factors. Estimators of reliability function are obtained...The study endeavors to provide statistical inference for a (1 + 1) cascade system for exponential distribution under joint effect of stress-strength attenuation factors. Estimators of reliability function are obtained using Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (UMVUE) of the parameters. Asymptotic distribution of the parameters is also obtained. Comparison between estimators is made using data obtained through simulation experiment.展开更多
For the direction of arrival(DOA) estimation,traditional sparse reconstruction methods for wideband signals usually need many iteration times.For this problem,a new method for two-dimensional wideband signals based ...For the direction of arrival(DOA) estimation,traditional sparse reconstruction methods for wideband signals usually need many iteration times.For this problem,a new method for two-dimensional wideband signals based on block sparse reconstruction is proposed.First,a prolate spheroidal wave function(PSWF) is used to fit the wideband signals,then the block sparse reconstruction technology is employed for DOA estimation.The proposed method uses orthogonalization to choose the matching atoms,ensuring that the residual components correspond to the minimum absolute value.Meanwhile,the vectors obtained by iteration are back-disposed according to the corresponding atomic matching rules,so the extra atoms are abandoned in the course of iteration,and the residual components of current iteration are reduced.Thus the original sparse signals are reconstructed.The proposed method reduces iteration times comparing with the traditional reconstruction methods,and the estimation precision is better than the classical two-sided correlation transformation(TCT)algorithm when the snapshot is small or the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) is low.展开更多
Free field to Eardrum Thansfer Function (FETF) is one of the major factors influencing the identification of the sound source direction. FETF can be employed to generate a Virtual Acoustic Space (VAS) by computer and ...Free field to Eardrum Thansfer Function (FETF) is one of the major factors influencing the identification of the sound source direction. FETF can be employed to generate a Virtual Acoustic Space (VAS) by computer and other equlpment. In this paper the methods to improve the measurement and estimation of FETF are approached. Least-mean-squares (LMS)method is much better than empirical FFT method. This paper also gives a sample description of excitation signals for measuring the impulse response of FETF.展开更多
This investigation was designed to approach a novel estimation method of glottal vocal efficiency (GVE) based on conversion function of voice source. The conversion function of voice source was defined the ratio of su...This investigation was designed to approach a novel estimation method of glottal vocal efficiency (GVE) based on conversion function of voice source. The conversion function of voice source was defined the ratio of supra-glottal acoustic voice source signal to the glottal air volume flow velocity waveform in frequency domain. A carefully designed in vivo canine larynx experiment and several human experiments including different vowels, pressed, falsetto, breath and typical laryngeal diseases were adopted to demonstrate this alternative GVE method. Compared with other vocal efficiency, it is shown that this method could eliminate the contribution from the super vocal tract transmission and resonance to GVE, and reflect the differences of phonation modes. The average magnitude of this conversion function in frequency domain represents GVE, and the variation of the magnitude in fundamental frequency is identical to AC/DC value.展开更多
Safety performance functions(SPFs) are crucial to science-based road safety management.Success in developing and applying SPFs, apart data quality and availability, depends fundamentally on two key factors: the val...Safety performance functions(SPFs) are crucial to science-based road safety management.Success in developing and applying SPFs, apart data quality and availability, depends fundamentally on two key factors: the validity of the statistical inferences for the available data and on how well the data can be organized into distinct homogeneous entities. The latter aspect plays a key role in the identification and treatment of road sections or corridors with problems related to safety. Indeed, the segmentation of a road network could be especially critical in the development of SPFs that could be used in safety management for roadway types, such as motorways(freeways in North America), which have a large number of variables that could result in very short segments if these are desired to be homogeneous. This consequence, from an analytical point of view, can be a problem when the location of crashes is not precise and when there is an overabundance of segments with zero crashes. Lengthening the segments for developing and applying SPFs can mitigate this problem, but at a sacrifice of homogeneity. This paper seeks to address this dilemma by investigating four approaches for segmentation for motorways, using sample data from Italy. The best results were obtained for the segmentation based on two curves and two tangents within a segment and with fixed length segments. The segmentation characterized by a constant value of all original variables inside each segment was the poorest approach by all measures.展开更多
As an emerging computing technology,approximate computing enables computing systems to utilize hardware resources efficiently.Recently,approximate arithmetic units have received extensive attention and have been emplo...As an emerging computing technology,approximate computing enables computing systems to utilize hardware resources efficiently.Recently,approximate arithmetic units have received extensive attention and have been employed as hardware modules to build approximate circuit systems,such as approximate accelerators.In order to make the approximate circuit system meet the application requirements,it is imperative to quickly estimate the error quality caused by the approximate unit,especially in the high-level synthesis of the approximate circuit.However,there are few studies in the literature on how to efficiently evaluate the errors in the approximate circuit system.Hence,this paper focuses on error evaluation techniques for circuit systems consisting of approximate adders and approximate multipliers,which are the key hardware components in fault-tolerant applications.In this paper,the characteristics of probability mass function(PMF)based estimation are analyzed initially,and then an optimization technique for PMF-based estimation is proposed with consideration of these features.Finally,experiments prove that the optimization technology can reduce the time required for PMF-based estimation and improve the estimation quality.展开更多
The efficiency of reconciliation in the continuous key distribution is the main factor which limits the ratio of secret key distribution. However, the efficiency depends on the computational complexity of the algorith...The efficiency of reconciliation in the continuous key distribution is the main factor which limits the ratio of secret key distribution. However, the efficiency depends on the computational complexity of the algorithm. This paper optimizes the two main aspects of the reconciliation process of the continuous key distribution: the partition of interval and the estimation of bit. We use Gaussian approximation to effectively speed up the convergence of algorithm. We design the estimation function as the estimator of the SEC (sliced error correction) algorithm. Therefore, we lower the computational complexity and simplify the core problem of the reconciliation algorithm. Thus we increase the efficiency of the reconciliation process in the continuous key distribution and then the ratio of the secret key distribution is also increased.展开更多
文摘In this paper we consider the empirical Bayes (EB) estimation problem for estimable function of regression coefficient in a multiple linear regression model Y=Xβ+e. where e with given β has a multivariate standard normal distribution. We get the EB estimators by using kernel estimation of multivariate density function and its first order partial derivatives. It is shown that the convergence rates of the EB estimators are under the condition where an integer k > 1 . is an arbitrary small number and m is the dimension of the vector Y.
基金This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 69889050)
文摘An online algorithm for training LS-SVM (Least Square Support VectorMachines) was proposed for the application of function estimation and classification. Online LS-SVMmeans that LS-SVM can be trained in an incremental way, and can be pruned to get sparseapproximation in a decremental way. When a SV (Support Vector) is added or removed, the onlinealgorithm avoids computing large-scale matrix inverse. Thus the computation cost is reduced. Onlinealgorithm is especially useful to realistic function estimation problem such as systemidentification. The experiments with benchmark function estimation problem and classificationproblem show the validity of this online algorithm.
基金supported jointly by Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund (No. KZCX-YW-116-1)Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20080818 and 200708035)
文摘Estimated Green’s function (EGF) between stations has been extracted from ambient seismic noise, direct surface wave and coda waves. It is also confirmed by laboratory experiments on ultrasonics and theoretical derivations assuming diffusive wave field, equi-partition of modes or random sources on an enclosed surface. This method provides a new approach to study the crust and mantle structure at regional scale, continental scale and global scale. Following the achievements with seismometer records, the records of infrasonic station, hydrophone and microphone were also used to obtain the EGFs of different wave fields. Since superconducting gravimeter is a better long period instrument than regular seismometer, EGF at longer period is expected to be obtained with the cross correlation of gravity data. In this paper, we will show the EGFs extracted by cross-correlations between the superconducting gravimeters and the seismometers. Both the travel times and dispersion curves obtained from different data types are consistent. The result shows that it is possible to retrieve the deep structure by the cross correlation of gravity data.
文摘The object of this paper is to establish the pointwise estimations of approximation of functions in C^1 and their derivatives by Hermite interpolation polynomials. The given orders have been proved to be exact in gen- eral.
文摘GMM inference procedures based on the square of the modulus of the model characteristic function are developed using sample moments selected using estimating function theory and bypassing the use of empirical characteristic function of other GMM procedures in the literature. The procedures are relatively simple to implement and are less simulation-oriented than simulated methods of inferences yet have the potential of good efficiencies for models with densities without closed form. The procedures also yield better estimators than method of moment estimators for models with more than three parameters as higher order sample moments tend to be unstable.
文摘Let {Xn, n≥1} be a strictly stationary sequence of random variables, which are either associated or negatively associated, f(.) be their common density. In this paper, the author shows a central limit theorem for a kernel estimate of f(.) under certain regular conditions.
基金Research supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India under award no.9/143(163)/91-EER-
文摘Recently Guo introduced integrated Meyer -Konig and Zeller operators and studied the rate of convergence for function of bounded variation. In this note we give a sharp estimate for these operators.
基金Research supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Let X be a d-dimensional random vector with unknown density function f(z) = f (z1, ..., z(d)), and let f(n) be teh nearest neighbor estimator of f proposed by Loftsgaarden and Quesenberry (1965). In this paper, we established the law of the iterated logarithm of f(n) for general case of d greater-than-or-equal-to 1, which gives the exact pointwise strong convergence rate of f(n).
文摘In this paper, we establish a sharp function estimate for the multilinear integral operators associated to the pseudo-differential operators. As the application, we obtain the L<sup>p</sup> (1 p norm inequalities for the multilinear operators.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271380)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12171010 and 12288101)National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2021YFA1001600)。
文摘In this paper,we establish quantitative Green’s function estimates for some higher-dimensional lattice quasi-periodic(QP)Schrodinger operators.The resonances in the estimates can be described via a pair of symmetric zeros of certain functions,and the estimates apply to the sub-exponential-type non-resonance conditions.As the application of quantitative Green’s function estimates,we prove both the arithmetic version of Anderson localization and the finite volume version of(1/2-)-Holder continuity of the integrated density of states(IDS)for such QP Schrodinger operators.This gives an affirmative answer to Bourgain’s problem in Bourgain(2000).
文摘In this work, we introduce a method of fingerprint directional image partitioning based on GA. According to the fingerprint topology, A set of dynamic partition masks and a cost estimating function are designed to guide the partitioning procedure. Finding best fitted mask application is converted to an functional optimizing problem, and we give out a GA solution to the problem. At last, we discuss the application of the proposed method in Fingerprint Classification.
基金supported by Chinese Acadmy of Sciences Fund(No.KCZX-YW-116-1)Joint Seismological Science Fundation of China (Nos.20080878 and 200708035)
文摘Because ambient seismic noise provides estimated Green’s function (EGF) between two sites with high accuracy, Rayleigh wave propagation along the path connecting the two sites is well resolved. Therefore, earthquakes which are close to one seismic station can be well located with calibration extracting from EGF. We test two algorithms in locating the 1998 Zhangbei earthquake, one algorithm is waveform-based, and the other is traveltime-based. We first compute EGF between station ZHB (a station about 40 km away from the epicenter) and five IC/IRIS stations. With the waveform-based approach, we calculate 1D synthetic single-force Green’s functions between ZHB and other four stations, and obtain traveltime corrections by correlating synthetic Green’s functions with EGFs in period band of 10–30 s. Then we locate the earthquake by minimizing the differential travel times between observed earthquake waveform and the 1D synthetic earthquake waveforms computed with focal mechanism provided by Global CMT after traveltime correction from EGFs. This waveform-based approach yields a location which error is about 13 km away from the location observed with InSAR. With the traveltime-based approach, we begin with measuring group velocity from EGFs as well as group arrival time on observed earthquake waveforms, and then locate the earthquake by minimizing the difference between observed group arrival time and arrival time measured on EGFs. This traveltime-based approach yields accuracy of 3 km, Therefore it is feasible to achieve GT5 (ground truth location with accuracy 5 km) with ambient seismic noises. The less accuracy of the waveform-based approach was mainly caused by uncertainty of focal mechanism.
基金supported by a grant from the NIH(No.U42 RR16607)
文摘Objective:A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)that represent the time course of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance test(GTT)in physiological studies is presented.The aim of this study was to explore how to interpret those laboratory glucose and insulin data as well as enhance the Ackerman mathematical model.Methods:Parameters estimation for a system of ODEs was performed by minimizing the sum of squared residuals(SSR)function,which quantifies the difference between theoretical model predictions and GTT's experimental observations.Our proposed perturbation search and multiple-shooting methods were applied during the estimating process.Results:Based on the Ackerman's published data,we estimated the key parameters by applying R-based iterative computer programs.As a result,the theoretically simulated curves perfectly matched the experimental data points.Our model showed that the estimated parameters,computed frequency and period values,were proven a good indicator of diabetes.Conclusion:The present paper introduces a computational algorithm to biomedical problems,particularly to endocrinology and metabolism fields,which involves two coupled differential equations with four parameters describing the glucose-insulin regulatory system that Ackerman proposed earlier.The enhanced approach may provide clinicians in endocrinology and metabolism field insight into the transition nature of human metabolic mechanism from normal to impaired glucose tolerance.
文摘The study endeavors to provide statistical inference for a (1 + 1) cascade system for exponential distribution under joint effect of stress-strength attenuation factors. Estimators of reliability function are obtained using Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (UMVUE) of the parameters. Asymptotic distribution of the parameters is also obtained. Comparison between estimators is made using data obtained through simulation experiment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6150117661201399)+1 种基金the Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Science and Technology Research Projects(12541638)the Developing Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Systems in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Education,(Heilongjiang University),P.R.China(P201408)
文摘For the direction of arrival(DOA) estimation,traditional sparse reconstruction methods for wideband signals usually need many iteration times.For this problem,a new method for two-dimensional wideband signals based on block sparse reconstruction is proposed.First,a prolate spheroidal wave function(PSWF) is used to fit the wideband signals,then the block sparse reconstruction technology is employed for DOA estimation.The proposed method uses orthogonalization to choose the matching atoms,ensuring that the residual components correspond to the minimum absolute value.Meanwhile,the vectors obtained by iteration are back-disposed according to the corresponding atomic matching rules,so the extra atoms are abandoned in the course of iteration,and the residual components of current iteration are reduced.Thus the original sparse signals are reconstructed.The proposed method reduces iteration times comparing with the traditional reconstruction methods,and the estimation precision is better than the classical two-sided correlation transformation(TCT)algorithm when the snapshot is small or the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) is low.
文摘Free field to Eardrum Thansfer Function (FETF) is one of the major factors influencing the identification of the sound source direction. FETF can be employed to generate a Virtual Acoustic Space (VAS) by computer and other equlpment. In this paper the methods to improve the measurement and estimation of FETF are approached. Least-mean-squares (LMS)method is much better than empirical FFT method. This paper also gives a sample description of excitation signals for measuring the impulse response of FETF.
基金This Project was supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation ofChina and under grantsNo.69925101 and No.69871023.
文摘This investigation was designed to approach a novel estimation method of glottal vocal efficiency (GVE) based on conversion function of voice source. The conversion function of voice source was defined the ratio of supra-glottal acoustic voice source signal to the glottal air volume flow velocity waveform in frequency domain. A carefully designed in vivo canine larynx experiment and several human experiments including different vowels, pressed, falsetto, breath and typical laryngeal diseases were adopted to demonstrate this alternative GVE method. Compared with other vocal efficiency, it is shown that this method could eliminate the contribution from the super vocal tract transmission and resonance to GVE, and reflect the differences of phonation modes. The average magnitude of this conversion function in frequency domain represents GVE, and the variation of the magnitude in fundamental frequency is identical to AC/DC value.
基金made possible by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
文摘Safety performance functions(SPFs) are crucial to science-based road safety management.Success in developing and applying SPFs, apart data quality and availability, depends fundamentally on two key factors: the validity of the statistical inferences for the available data and on how well the data can be organized into distinct homogeneous entities. The latter aspect plays a key role in the identification and treatment of road sections or corridors with problems related to safety. Indeed, the segmentation of a road network could be especially critical in the development of SPFs that could be used in safety management for roadway types, such as motorways(freeways in North America), which have a large number of variables that could result in very short segments if these are desired to be homogeneous. This consequence, from an analytical point of view, can be a problem when the location of crashes is not precise and when there is an overabundance of segments with zero crashes. Lengthening the segments for developing and applying SPFs can mitigate this problem, but at a sacrifice of homogeneity. This paper seeks to address this dilemma by investigating four approaches for segmentation for motorways, using sample data from Italy. The best results were obtained for the segmentation based on two curves and two tangents within a segment and with fixed length segments. The segmentation characterized by a constant value of all original variables inside each segment was the poorest approach by all measures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62022041the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under Grant No.NP2022103.
文摘As an emerging computing technology,approximate computing enables computing systems to utilize hardware resources efficiently.Recently,approximate arithmetic units have received extensive attention and have been employed as hardware modules to build approximate circuit systems,such as approximate accelerators.In order to make the approximate circuit system meet the application requirements,it is imperative to quickly estimate the error quality caused by the approximate unit,especially in the high-level synthesis of the approximate circuit.However,there are few studies in the literature on how to efficiently evaluate the errors in the approximate circuit system.Hence,this paper focuses on error evaluation techniques for circuit systems consisting of approximate adders and approximate multipliers,which are the key hardware components in fault-tolerant applications.In this paper,the characteristics of probability mass function(PMF)based estimation are analyzed initially,and then an optimization technique for PMF-based estimation is proposed with consideration of these features.Finally,experiments prove that the optimization technology can reduce the time required for PMF-based estimation and improve the estimation quality.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60773085)
文摘The efficiency of reconciliation in the continuous key distribution is the main factor which limits the ratio of secret key distribution. However, the efficiency depends on the computational complexity of the algorithm. This paper optimizes the two main aspects of the reconciliation process of the continuous key distribution: the partition of interval and the estimation of bit. We use Gaussian approximation to effectively speed up the convergence of algorithm. We design the estimation function as the estimator of the SEC (sliced error correction) algorithm. Therefore, we lower the computational complexity and simplify the core problem of the reconciliation algorithm. Thus we increase the efficiency of the reconciliation process in the continuous key distribution and then the ratio of the secret key distribution is also increased.