Predicting the Stitch Density of Finished Fabrics Using Weft Blended Grey Knit Fabrics

Stitch density is one of the critical quality parameters of knit fabrics. This parameter is closely related to other physical quality parameters like fabric weight, fabric tightness factor, fiber types, blend ratio, yarn diameter and linear density, and fabric structure. Selecting stitch density (wales per inch, course per inch) is essential to getting the appropriate fabric weight and desired quality. Usually, no rules or assumptions exist to get the desired stitch density in the finished fabric stage. Fifteen types of blended knit fabrics were prepared to conduct the study. The varying percentages of cotton, polyester, and elastane are incorporated in the blends. Regression analysis and regression ANOVA tests were done to predict the stitch density of finished fabrics. A suitable regression equation is established to get the desired results. The study also found that the stitch density value in the finished stage fabric decreases by approximately 15% compared to the stitch density in the grey fabric stage. This study will help the fabric manufacturers get the finished fabric stitch density in advance by utilizing the grey fabric stitch density data set. The author expects this research to benefit the knitting and dyeing industry, new researchers, and advanced researchers.

Studying the Effect of Polyester Fiber Blend Ratio and Pilling Cycle on Blended Knit Fabrics

Pilling is a severe concern for blended fabrics. The aesthetic look and smoothness are the buyers’ prime requirements. The main focus of the study was to see the pilling behavior from various percentages of polyester fiber blend ratio as well as the different pilling cycles on blended fabrics. The cotton, polyester, and elastane prepared the study fabrics. These fabrics are (90% Cotton/5% Polyester/5% Elastane, 90% Cotton/6% Polyester/4% Elastane, 90% Cotton/7% Polyester/3% Elastane, 90% Cotton/8% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 90% Cotton/9% Polyester/1% Elastane, 85% Cotton/10% Polyester/5% Elastane, 85% Cotton/11% Polyester/4% Elastane, 85% Cotton/12% Polyester/3% Elastane, 85% Cotton/13% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 85% Cotton/ 14% Polyester/1% Elastane, 80% Cotton/15% Polyester/5% Elastane, 80% Cotton/16% Polyester/4% Elastane, 80% Cotton/17% Polyester/3% Elastane, 80% Cotton/18% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 80% Cotton/19% Polyester/1% Elastane). The selected polyester blend ratios were 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19% respectively. The study used the Martindale pilling tester with 2000, 5000, and 7000 cycles, respectively. The evaluation followed the ISO 12945-2:2000. The study findings are that the polyester fiber blend ratio did not influence the pilling grade on blended fabrics for pilling cycles 2000, and the pilling grade remained constant at 4 - 5. The pilling grade started to deteriorate in pilling cycle 5000 for the fabrics 85%C/10%P/5%E, 85%C/11%P/4%E, 85%C/12%P/3%E, 85%C/ 13%P/2%E, 85%C/14%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, and the fabrics made from 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, 3, 3, 3, and 3 respectively. For the pilling cycles 7000, the pilling grade further deteriorated for the fabrics 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 respectively. The study finds the dominance of polyester fiber throughout the experiment. The author hopes this study’s outcome will help new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile industry’s sustainable development research and development team.

A MICRO-MECHANICAL MODEL OF KNITTED FABRIC AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE ANALYSIS OF BUCKLING UNDER TENSION IN WALE DIRECTION:MICRO-MECHANICAL MODEL

The typical micro-knitting structure of knitted fabric,which makes it very different from woven fabric,is described.The tensile tests of knitted fabric are reported.The deformations of the micro-knitting structures are carefully studied.The study indicates that when a knitted fabric sheet is subjected to a tension along w-direction an extra compressive stress field inside loop in c-direction is induced.The extra stress field is also determined through analysis.Finally,a micro-mechanical model of knitted fabric is proposed.This work paves the way for the simulations of buckling modes of a knitted fabric sheet as are observed in experiments.

Investigation on the Dimensional Properties of Relaxed Plain Knitted Fabrics

A geometric model of relaxed plain-nitted fabric isproposed.A method based on the model for predictingthe loop length from the course spacing,wale spacing offabric and the diameter of yarn is deduced,as well as a computer program is developed to graphically represent the structures of plain knitted fabric with various struc-tural parameters.

A micro-mechanical model of knitted fabric and its application to the analysis of buckling under tension in wale direction:buckling analysis

With the aid of the micro-mechanical model of knitted fabric proposed in Part 1 we analyze the buckling of a knitted fabric sheet when it is subjected to a tension along the wale direction. The large deformation of the fabric sheet in the critical configuration is considered and, to avoid possible deviation due to the approximation of the theory of thin plate, the three-dimensional theory of instability is used. The fabric sheet is considered as a three-dimensional body and all boundary conditions are satisfied. It is shown that the buckling of the fabric sheet is possible, two buckling modes and the corresponding buckling conditions are obtained, but only the flexural mode is physically possible as observed in experiments.

Effect of Run - in Ratios on the Mechanical Properties of Two - Guide Bars Warp - Knitted Fabrics

Warp knitting technology gets rapid development at present and becomes one of the most important parts of the textiles.But it is less known how the parameters of warp knitting technology affect the mechanical properties of warp-knitted fabrics.This paper presents discuss a research on the relationships between run-in ratio and mechanical properties of the two-bar warp-knittedfabrics through the measurement and analysis of the mechanical properties of various samples with different run-in ratios.The optimal run一in ratios for the reasonable mechanical properties are obtained from above dis-

Research on the Dyeing Properties of Silk-like Knitted Fabric of Ultra-fine Polyester Fiber

In this paper, dyeing processes of silk-like fabric of ultra-fine polyester fiber are studied through orthogonal experiment, dyeing properties (K/S value, L* value, and C* value) of the fabric are tested under different dyeing conditions (pH value, time, and bath ratlo), and optimum dyeing conditions are arrived at through analysis.

Modeling Locking Angle of the Multi-layered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric in Shear Deformation

This paper introduces the construction of the multi-layered biaxial weft knitted fabric （MBWK fabric） and studies the locking angle of this kind of fabric. Moreover, a locking angle model of the MBWK fabric is established for the first time according to its unique construction. Two kinds of locking angles are considered under different restraint conditions: the locking angle θ1 controlled by the inserting yarns and the locking angle θ2 controlled by the stitch yarns. It is concluded that the ultimate value of the locking angle θ is the larger one of the two angles.

Study on the pre-process technology of knitted fabric made of cotton/vinylon blended hollow yarn by single-factor experiments

以棉／维纶混纺空心纱为研究对象，探讨了针织双罗纹织物在前处理过程中，精练剂浓度、氧漂稳定剂浓度、浴比、Na2SiO3浓度、NaOH浓度、H2O2浓度、煮漂时间、煮漂温度8个因素对针织物白度、毛细效应、顶破强力的关系。实验结果显示：NaOH浓度、H2O2浓度、煮漂时间和煮漂温度是影响织物前处理效果的主要因素，精练剂浓度、氧漂稳定刑浓度、浴比、Na2SiO3浓度对处理结果的影响则相对较小。

A STUDY OF FINE DENIER POLYPROPYLENE FIBER KNITTED FABRICS' WET COMFORT——THE WET COMFORT STUDIED BY THE NORMAL OBJECTIVE TEST

Based on the theory of moisture vapor permeability and liquid moisture transmission through fabric, this paper is mainly concerned with the wet comfort of the fine denier polypropylene fiber knitted fabrics. The liquid water transport property the liquid water retention property, the moisture permeability property, the moisture releasing and drying property of these fabrics are tested by normal objective ways and discussed. At last, according to these properties these fabries are classified by grey model synthetic evaluation method.

Influence Factors on the Moisture Transmission of the Pure Polypropylene Knitted Fabrics

This paper analyses the principle of wicking effect of the polypropylene filament yarn. By means of theoretical and experimental analysis, some factors affecting the moisture transmission of the pure polypropylene knitted fabrics are discussed.

Analysis of the Thermohydro - comfort Durability for Microfil - polypropylene Knitted Fabric under Grey System

Thin microfll - polypropylene knitted fabric that is knitted to use new single plated theory on large diameter circular weft knitting machine is a new functional fabric. After military use, the reflective opinions are that it is light, thin, soft, smooth - touch, and it has excellent elasticity, good air perviousness, large water vapor permeability . In this paper, an analysis is held to use grey system theory, and the thermohydro - comfort durability of this microfil - polypropylene knitted fabric is compared with that of common knitted fabrics. The analytical result proves the microfil - polypropylene knitted fabric is satisfactory under the climatic conditions that human body needs to eliminate or retain the quantity of heat. It can be use to seam up not only physical ability training uniform of serviceman but also civil sporty and sportswear et cetera.

STUDY ON THE METHOD FOR EFFECTIVELY QUICK DETECTING THE EVENNESS OF A KNITTED FABRIC

In this paper,the relations between the parameters of stitch structure and the needle penetra-tion force,and the method by using the needle penetration force detected to evaluate the looplength and evenness of knitted fabric indirectly are analysed and discussed.A microcomputer system with a needle sensor and author’s program are used as a pick up setcombined with a data analysis system,for sampling and analysing the needle penetration forcedata.A lot of experimental research work has been done for knitted fabric of some kinds of knittedstitch and loop length.As a summary of this study,some conclusions can be drawn from the linearregression between the needle penetration force and the loop length.Then,the size and evenness ofthe loop length of knitted fabric can be indicated indirectly by detecting the value and variance ofneedle penetration force.It offers an effective method to detect and evaluate the evenness of knit-ted fabric with an efficiently high speed.

Three-Dimension Parametric Simulation of Knitted Fabric Based on the Twisted Loop Model

To enhance the realistic simulation effect of knitted fabric,a new three-dimension( 3D) twisted loop model was proposed. This model was constructed by using Non-uniform Rational B-Spline( NURBS) surface. The control points of this surface were generated through rotating the cross-section along the center path of yarn. The cross-section of yarn was generated based on the two-level hexagonal close packing model. Both of the center path and the cross-section were fitted by NURBS. With this twisted loop model,3D parametric simulation of knitted fabric was realized in 3DS MAX by utilizing MAXScript and analyzing the relationships between structure parameters( including the wale-spacing, the course-spacing,the yarn diameter,and the fabric thickness) and geometric model. The simulation of knitted fabric has 3D realistic twist effect clearly. Furthermore,the structure parameters and the twist parameters of fabric can be modified interactively.

Study on the Performance Optimization of Knitted Fabric Anti-Roll by Tissue Structure

Will use the same number of positive and negative coil longitudinal organization of fabric is ta edge sex used in the work of the organization to warp fabric edge sex, between restrained knitting principle, design a kind of weft basketwork weaving method, especially in weft knitting machine woven from has the edge of weft knitted fabric performance weaving method. In order to overcome the existing technology aims to make weft basketwork structure of a single organization, edge sex is bad, or can’t produce rich weft knitted fabric appearance of shortage, provide a resistance to edge weft knitted fabric weaving method.

Effect of Aramid/Carbon Hybrid on the Tensile Properties of Multilayered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites

The effects of aramid/carbon on tensile properties of multilayered biaxial weft knitted( MBWK) fabric reinforced composites are analyzed by experiments. The tensile tests are inducted by the SHIMADZU AG-250 KNE universal material testing machine and Aramis V6 digital image correlation( DIC) technique.More specifically,the composite samples own four hybrid ratios(Na∶ Nc= 12∶ 0,8 ∶ 4,6 ∶ 6 and 4 ∶ 8). The results showed that the aramid/carbon hybrid MBWK fabric reinforced composites showed nearly linear response until reaching the maximum load and the inserting yarns distribution on the surface of MBWK fabrics reinforced composites had a great influence on the strain pattern distribution. Besides,the tensile strength,the tensile modulus and the elongation at breakage of 0° samples and 90° samples increased with the decreasing of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio. In a word,the changes of tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at breakage have a lot to do with the difference of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio.

Study on a New Method of Reducing the Water Shrinkage of Rabbit Hair Knitted Fabrics

In order to reduce the water shrinkage of rabbit hair knitted fabrics, a new method is developed, which is blending rabbit hairs with a little bit of blaze. The sericin on the blaze which can swell and melt in hot and wet condition can cohere the rabbit hairs through special processing. So the relative movement among fibers could be restricted. The testing results show that the water shrinkage of rabbit hair knitted fabrics can be greatly reduced after processed.

The Mechanical Behaviour of Rubber Hose Reinforced with Warp Knitted Fabric

A new process for the rubber hose reinforced with warp knitted fabric was introduced, and the relation between the inside pressure and the radial expansion ratio of four kinds of rubber radiator hose reinforced with warp knitted fabric was investigated. The result showed that the bursting pressure and the radial direction expansion ratio of the hose could meet the requirement of ISO4081 for auto radiator hose. A new model was built up to analyse the relation between the inside pressure and the radial expansion ratio of the hose based the reinforced fabric structure parameters and yarn properties.

Analysis of the Porosity Changing after Moisture Absorption in Functional Knitted Fabrics

The paper analyses the effect of stitch geometrical modality changing after moisture absorption on the porosity of knitted fabrics,and educes the formulas between porosity and stitch parameters.Regarding as the cell stitch,the increasing of yarn diameter brings the porosity decreasing and the fabric shrinking in the wale direction.While the diameter keeps invariability,the yarn elongating brings the fabric humping up as well as the increasing porosity.The air-permeability experiments have been conducted to validate the theoretical analysis,and there is reasonable agreement between the theories and experiments.

A New Method for Measuring the Stitch Length of Weft Knitted Fabric in a Static Environment

It is essential to measure the stitch length of weft knitted fabric in a static environment for economy and improving productivity. The image inputted was dealt with the digital image processing techniques： the paper carried out the transformation of grey scale; then removed impurities with filtering; the characteristic of the stitch structure was abstracted by using the Fourier transform technique. To obtain the stitch length more accurately, we should establish ageometric medal of the stitch lined on the digital image processing, which provides a way to transform the stitch length in the two-dimenslon space into a three-dimension space. This study provides a new methed for measuring the stitch length without damaging the fabric.