All synthetic and natural estrogen receptor agonists, in- cluding the most potent physiological molecule estrogen or estradiol （E2）, work typically via activation of nuclear estrogen receptor alpha （ERα） and estr...All synthetic and natural estrogen receptor agonists, in- cluding the most potent physiological molecule estrogen or estradiol （E2）, work typically via activation of nuclear estrogen receptor alpha （ERα） and estrogen receptor beta （ERβ）. Both ERα and ERβ modulate the expression of a variety of genes in the cells. Neurons and glial cells express ERa and ERβ. Many studies so far from our and other laboratories have firmly established the mode of actions that ERα and ERβ agonists are very promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents in the treatment of neurodegenera- rive diseases and injuries including spinal cord injury （SCI） （Chakrabarti et al., 2014a）.展开更多
Aim: To identify the antifertility effect of intermittent oral administration of tamoxifen in male rat. Methods:Tamoxifen was administered orally at a dose of 0.4 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1) with an intermittent regim...Aim: To identify the antifertility effect of intermittent oral administration of tamoxifen in male rat. Methods:Tamoxifen was administered orally at a dose of 0.4 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1) with an intermittent regime for 120 days. Treatedand control rats were mated with cycling female rats on days 60, 90 and 120 of treatment. The mated males were sacri-ficed and the weights of reproductive organs were recorded, and the serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and estradi-ol estimated by radioimmunoassay. In the female rats, the numbers of implantation sites, corpora lutea, and numbersof normal and resorbed foetuses were recorded on d 21 of gestation. The potency, fecundity, fertility index, litter sizeand post-implantation loss were then calculated. Results; The fecundity of male rats was completely suppressed bytamoxifen while the potency was maintained at the control level. The fertility index was significantly decreased. No vi-able litters were sired. Post implantation loss, indicative of non-viable embryos, was observed but was not significantlyincreased above the control level. The weights of the testes, epididymides, ventral prostate and seminal vesicles weresignificantly reduced. The blood LH and testosterone levels were significantly decreased, but not FSH and estradiol.Conclusion; Intermittent oral tamoxifen administration completely suppressed the fecundity of adult male rats withreserved potency.展开更多
The discharge of steroid estroens from sewage treatment works (STW) is to be regulated by Environmental Quality Standard in the UK,thus requiring the understanding of removal characteristics of steroid estroens in tri...The discharge of steroid estroens from sewage treatment works (STW) is to be regulated by Environmental Quality Standard in the UK,thus requiring the understanding of removal characteristics of steroid estroens in trickling filters to benefit UK water industry with trickling filters used in 75% STWs. Two pilot-scale trickling filters were operated in parallel to treat synthetic sewage spiked with oestrone (E1),oestradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) at environmentally related concentrations. Control experiments show that biodegradation is the dominant removal mechanism although adsorption onto biofilm solids prior to biodegradation would be part of the overall mechanisms of estrogen removal. Approximately 44.7%-58.9% is removed by the pilot trickling filter normally operated,whilst the 1:1 recirculation increases 29.0%-32.2% estrogen removals by improved wetting rate and hydraulic retention time supported by tracer experiment with lithium chloride. Extra feed solids with 32.0% higher suspended solids levels inhibited estrogen removals by 10.8%-34.4% rather than helping bridge adsorption to the biofilm,and the change of particle characteristics with higher adsorption potency would benefit the removal.展开更多
Objective In this study, a pilot-scale investigation was conducted to examine and compare the biotoxicity of the organic compounds in effluents from five treatment processes (P1-P5) where each process was combination ...Objective In this study, a pilot-scale investigation was conducted to examine and compare the biotoxicity of the organic compounds in effluents from five treatment processes (P1-P5) where each process was combination of preoxidation (O3), coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation, granular activated carbon, biological activated carbon and chlorination (NaClO). Methods Organic compounds were extracted by XAD-2 resins and eluted with acetone and dichlormethane (DCM). The eluents were evaporated and redissolved with DMSO or DCM. The mutagenicity and estrogenicity of the extracts were assayed with the Ames test and yeast estrogen screen (YES assay), respectively. The organic compounds were detected by GC-MS. Results The results indicated that the mutation ratio (MR) of organic compounds in source water was higher than that for treated water. GC-MS showed that more than 48 organic compounds were identified in all samples and that treated water had significantly fewer types and concentrations of organic compounds than source water. Conclusion To different extents, all water treatment processes could reduce both the mutagenicity and estrogenicity, relative to source water. P2, P3, and P5 reduced mutagenicity more effectively, while P1 reduced estrogenicity, most effectively. Water treatment processes in this pilot plant had weak abilities to remove Di-n-butyl phthalate or 1, 2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid.展开更多
基金supported in part by the grants from the South Carolina Spinal Cord Injury Research Fund(SC SCIRF-2015-I-01,Columbia,SC,USA)the United Soybean Board(USB,Chesterfield,MO,USA)to SKR
文摘All synthetic and natural estrogen receptor agonists, in- cluding the most potent physiological molecule estrogen or estradiol （E2）, work typically via activation of nuclear estrogen receptor alpha （ERα） and estrogen receptor beta （ERβ）. Both ERα and ERβ modulate the expression of a variety of genes in the cells. Neurons and glial cells express ERa and ERβ. Many studies so far from our and other laboratories have firmly established the mode of actions that ERα and ERβ agonists are very promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents in the treatment of neurodegenera- rive diseases and injuries including spinal cord injury （SCI） （Chakrabarti et al., 2014a）.
文摘Aim: To identify the antifertility effect of intermittent oral administration of tamoxifen in male rat. Methods:Tamoxifen was administered orally at a dose of 0.4 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1) with an intermittent regime for 120 days. Treatedand control rats were mated with cycling female rats on days 60, 90 and 120 of treatment. The mated males were sacri-ficed and the weights of reproductive organs were recorded, and the serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and estradi-ol estimated by radioimmunoassay. In the female rats, the numbers of implantation sites, corpora lutea, and numbersof normal and resorbed foetuses were recorded on d 21 of gestation. The potency, fecundity, fertility index, litter sizeand post-implantation loss were then calculated. Results; The fecundity of male rats was completely suppressed bytamoxifen while the potency was maintained at the control level. The fertility index was significantly decreased. No vi-able litters were sired. Post implantation loss, indicative of non-viable embryos, was observed but was not significantlyincreased above the control level. The weights of the testes, epididymides, ventral prostate and seminal vesicles weresignificantly reduced. The blood LH and testosterone levels were significantly decreased, but not FSH and estradiol.Conclusion; Intermittent oral tamoxifen administration completely suppressed the fecundity of adult male rats withreserved potency.
基金Project (NDP2005UU) supported by UK EA National Demonstration Program on EDC removalProject (50808183) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects (CSTC2008BB7047,CSTC2009BB030) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China
文摘The discharge of steroid estroens from sewage treatment works (STW) is to be regulated by Environmental Quality Standard in the UK,thus requiring the understanding of removal characteristics of steroid estroens in trickling filters to benefit UK water industry with trickling filters used in 75% STWs. Two pilot-scale trickling filters were operated in parallel to treat synthetic sewage spiked with oestrone (E1),oestradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) at environmentally related concentrations. Control experiments show that biodegradation is the dominant removal mechanism although adsorption onto biofilm solids prior to biodegradation would be part of the overall mechanisms of estrogen removal. Approximately 44.7%-58.9% is removed by the pilot trickling filter normally operated,whilst the 1:1 recirculation increases 29.0%-32.2% estrogen removals by improved wetting rate and hydraulic retention time supported by tracer experiment with lithium chloride. Extra feed solids with 32.0% higher suspended solids levels inhibited estrogen removals by 10.8%-34.4% rather than helping bridge adsorption to the biofilm,and the change of particle characteristics with higher adsorption potency would benefit the removal.
文摘Objective In this study, a pilot-scale investigation was conducted to examine and compare the biotoxicity of the organic compounds in effluents from five treatment processes (P1-P5) where each process was combination of preoxidation (O3), coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation, granular activated carbon, biological activated carbon and chlorination (NaClO). Methods Organic compounds were extracted by XAD-2 resins and eluted with acetone and dichlormethane (DCM). The eluents were evaporated and redissolved with DMSO or DCM. The mutagenicity and estrogenicity of the extracts were assayed with the Ames test and yeast estrogen screen (YES assay), respectively. The organic compounds were detected by GC-MS. Results The results indicated that the mutation ratio (MR) of organic compounds in source water was higher than that for treated water. GC-MS showed that more than 48 organic compounds were identified in all samples and that treated water had significantly fewer types and concentrations of organic compounds than source water. Conclusion To different extents, all water treatment processes could reduce both the mutagenicity and estrogenicity, relative to source water. P2, P3, and P5 reduced mutagenicity more effectively, while P1 reduced estrogenicity, most effectively. Water treatment processes in this pilot plant had weak abilities to remove Di-n-butyl phthalate or 1, 2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid.
