Continuous Saccharification of Laminarin by Immobilized Laminarinase ULam111 Followed by Ethanol Fermentation with a Marine-Derived Yeast

We isolated a novel laminarinase ULam111 from Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01. Purified ULam111 showed degradation activity against laminarin with the specific activity of 224 ± 18 U/mg at 30°C and pH 6.0. Its optimum temperature was 50°C, and degradation activities against laminarin were observed at 4°C - 80°C. With a laminarin degradation system, we investigated the preparation and properties of immobilized ULam111 with the use of the 11 types of carriers. The high activity recoveries of immobilized ULam111 were as follows: 19.4% for IB-S60P carrier beads (the non-ionic type), 15.6% for IB-S60S carrier beads (the non-ionic type), 11.9% for IB-150P carrier beads (the covalent type), and 7.1% for IB-C435 carrier beads (the cationic type). With the repeated use of immobilized ULam111, the enzyme activities immobilized on IB-S60S and those on IB-S60P remained at 40% and 30% respectively after the sixth trial. We selected IB-S60S as suitable beads for enzyme immobilization, and we attempted to construct a reactor system with ULam111 immobilized on IB-S60S beads. In this system, 1.2 - 1.9 g/L glucose was repeatedly produced from 30 mg/mL laminarin solutions after 20 hr when the reactor operation was repeated 10 times. We examined ethanol fermentation from the saccharified solutions with a marine-derived yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-19), and 0.51 - 0.58 g/L bioethanol was produced from the saccharified solution that contained 1.71 - 1.86 g/L of glucose.

Solubility of CO_(2) in nonaqueous system of 2-(butylamino)ethanol with 2-butoxyethanol:Experimental data and model representation

Nonaqueous amine-based system is an attractive solution to overcome high-energy-intensive CO_(2) capture process using the conventional aqueous amines.Advanced nonaqueous absorbent of 2-(butylamino)ethanol(BAE)with 2-butoxyethanol(2-BE)has been recently proposed for low-energyconsumption CO_(2) capture.In this work,Henry’s law constants of CO_(2) in the BAE/2-BE blend were obtained by N_(2)O/CO_(2) analogy,and correlated in the temperature range of(283–333)K.Vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE)data for the BAE+CO_(2)+2-BE system at 65.4%(mass)BAE were also determined in a stirred equilibrium cell at temperatures of(313–393)K and CO_(2) partial pressures up to 275 kPa.A single apparent equilibrium constant KCO_(2);app was proposed for this system and correlated as a function of temperature,carbonated degree of amine and CO_(2) loading.Solubility data were well represented by the modified Kent-Eisenberg model with an average absolute relative deviation(AARD)of 13%.

Integrating network pharmacology and pharmacological evaluation for deciphering the mechanism of(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviating ethanol-induced endothelial cells injury

Objective To investigate the potential therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanism of(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)based on network pharmacology and experimental verification.METHODS The druggability of EGCG was measured by the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology(TCMSP)server,and potential targets of EGCG were identified by Pharm Mapper and Drug Repositioning and Adverse drug Reaction via Chemical-Protein Interactome(DRAR-CPI).The potential targets were imported into GeneMANIA database to obtain the protein-protein direct interaction network,and target physical interaction,co-expression,prediction,genetic interaction,and shared protein domains.The biological process,molecular functions,cellular components and KEGG signaling pathways of potential targets were analyzed using DAVID database.For further study,ethanol was used to establish a model of endothelial injury in vitro.The cell viability was assayed by MTT method,the cellular apoptosis was stained by Annexin V/PI,and the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bax and cleved-caspase-3 were tested by Western blotting.Then,JC-1 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB experiments were used to study the mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear translocation.RESULTS The oral availability of EGCG was 55.09%(≥30%)and drug-like index was 0.77(≥0.18),which were considered pharmacokinetically active.17 potential targetable proteins of EGCG were predicted by Pharm Mapper and DRAR-CPI.Further research showed that 68.13%displayed similar co-expression characteristics,26.11%physical interactions,and 2.74%shared the same protein domain.The depth network analysis results showed that the biofunctions of EGCG were mainly by regulating glutathione derivative biosynthetic process,glutathione metabolic process,nitrogen compound metabolic process etc..via drug binding,catalytic activity,glutathione transferase activity,anion binding etc..in sarcoplasmic reticulum,spindle pole,microtubule cytoskeleton and cytoplasm.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Glutathione metabolism,IL^(-1)7 signaling pathway,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and other pathways were involves in the biofunction of EGCG.The above analyses indicated that EGCG exerts its biofunction through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.The experimental results showed that ethanol 20.0 mmol·L^(-1) decreased cell viability,Bcl-2 expression,and increased cell apoptosis,the intracellular ROS,as well as the expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 of human endothelial cells.However,treatment of the cells with EGCG can significantly alleviate ethanol induced endothelial cells injury.Further study showed that EGCG significantly alleviates ethanol induced mitochondrial depolarization and nuclear translocation of NF-κB.CONCLUSIONS EGCG exerts pharmacological efficacies on ethanol induced endothelial cell injury through multi-target,multi-function and multi-pathway mode.Protective effect of EGCG on ethanol induced cell injury was mainly through alteration of mitochondrial function and NF-κB translocation.Therefore,EGCG have great potential in protecting against endothelial dysfunction of the persons who are chronically abuse of ethanol.This study also provides a new understanding of EGCG in clinical application on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Quantitative determination of residual 2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethanol (CEE) in quetiapine fumarate by gas chromatogaraphy

A simple and specific gas chromatographic method developed and validated for the determination of 2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethanol in Quetiapine Fumarate. The method is carried out with a flame ionization detector and DB-FFAP capillary column. The linearity was established over a range of 40-150 μg ml-1 and correlation coefficient is more than 0.999.

DFT-Comparison of Anti-Cancer Effect of Ibuprofen Drug Anions and Breast Cancer Treatment by Ethanolic Solution of Nitrobenzaldehyde in Two Hours

Focusing our DFT calculations on the carboxylic acid drugs such as ibuprofen drug (IBF), it has been concluded that the anions of these types of drugs have the spontaneous electron donor character to all the carcinogenic cells of electron deficiency in their nuclei. Due to the spontaneity of electron transfer of anions, it has been found clinically that ibuprofen drug cures cancers of colon, protostate, lung and breast. The breast cancer treatment of Matthew Gdovin group in two hours by injection of ethanolic solution of nitrobenzaldehyde in the breast tumor in presence of uv-irradiation has been studied from TD-DFT point of view;the excited states of these molecules in presence of uv-irradiation act as electron donors to the cancerous cells to compensate the electron deficiency. Finally, it has been concluded that the electron transfer is the main cause of the breast cancer treatment which is the most aggressive type of cancers and is one of the hardest to treat.

Quaternary phosphonium polymer-supported dual-ionically bound[Rh(CO)I_(3)]^(2-)catalyst for heterogeneous ethanol carbonylation

A single-Rh-site catalyst(Rh-TPISP)that was ionically-embedded on a P(V)quaternary phosphonium porous polymer was evaluated for heterogeneous ethanol carbonylation.The[Rh(CO)I_(3)]^(2-)unit was proposed to be the active center of Rh-TPISP for the carbonylation reaction based on detailed Rh L3-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Rh extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS)analyses.As the highlight of this study,Rh-TPISP displayed distinctly higher activity for heterogeneous ethanol carbonylation than the reported catalytic systems in which[Rh(CO)_(2)I_(2)]^(-)is the traditional active center.A TOF of 350 h^(-1)was obtained for the reaction over[Rh(CO)I_(3)]^(2-),with>95%propionyl selectivity at 3.5 MPa and 468 K.No deactivation was detected during a near 1000 h running test.The more electron-rich Rh center was thought to be crucial for explaining the superior activity and selectivity of Rh-TPISP,and the formation of two ionic bonds between[Rh(CO)I_(3)]^(2-)and the cationic P(V)framework([P]^(+))of the polymer was suggested to play a key role in firmly immobilizing the active species to prevent Rh leaching.

Role of ethanol in the regulation of hepatic stellate cell function

Evidence has accumulated to suggest an important role of ethanol and/or its metabolites in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease. In this review, the fibrogenic effects of ethanol and its metabolites on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are discussed. In brief, ethanol interferes with retinoid metabolism and its signaling, induces the release of fibrogenic cytokines such as transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) from HSCs, up-regulates the gene expression of collagen I and enhances type I collagen protein production by HSCs. Ethanol further perpetuates an activated HSC phenotype through extracellular matrix remodeling. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms by which ethanol exerts these pro-fibrogenic effects on HSCs are reviewed.

Asymmetric Bioreduction of 3,5-Bis（trifluoromethyl） Acetophenone to Its Corresponding Alcohol by Candida troplcalis

(S)-3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl ethanol is a key chiral intermediate for the synthesis of NK-1 receptor antagonists. Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl ethanol was successfully performed in high enantiomeric excess (e.e.) through asymmetric reduction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone catalyzed by Candida tropicalis 104 cells. The influence of some key reaction parameters such as substrate concentration, co-substrate and its concentration, biomass and reaction time was examined, respectively. The results showed that these factors obviously influence the yield, but the optical purity of the prepared product remains intact. The opti-mum conditions for the preparation of (S)-3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl ethanol were found to be as follows: sub-strate concentration 50 mmol?L?1; 50 g·L-1 of maltose as co-substrate; wet cell concentration 300 g·L-1; reaction for 30 h. Under above optimal conditions, the maximum yield for (S)-3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl ethanol reached 70.3% with 100% of product e.e.

电感耦合等离子-质谱法(有机相进样)测定变性燃料乙醇中的铜、铁

采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)有机相进样系统直接进样测定其中的铜、铁含量,标准加入法定量。方法在0.0—100μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限达到Cu 0.001μg/L、Fe 0.030μg/L,11次连续测定RSD为Cu 1.42%、Fe 2.67%,加标回收率为Cu 95.96%、Fe 96.29%。本方法具有多元素同时测定,检出限低,准确度高,精密度好等优点,完全满足变性燃料乙醇实际样品的测试需要。

变性梯度凝胶电泳在环境微生物研究中的应用详解

结合笔者等多年积累的经验详细介绍环境微生物学研究中变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术应用全步骤:从环境样品中直接提取总DNA,利用5′端含GC夹子的引物PCR 16S rDNA的部分片段,将PCR产物在含有浓度线形递增的变性剂的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中进行电泳分析,使不同来源的DNA片段在电泳胶中分离,从胶中切出分离的DNA片段测定碱基序列,进行分类分析。PCR-DGGE技术能够检测不可培养的微生物基因,而DGGE技术与克隆等其他技术结合更能发挥其分离作用。

大米镉结合蛋白的分离及理化特性

本实验选用一种镉含量较高的大米为原料,采用碱法提取大米蛋白(alkali-extractable protein,AP),依次用热变性和乙醇沉淀分离AP,制备大米镉结合蛋白(rice Cd-binding protein,RCBP),并分析了RCBP的紫外吸收特征、氨基酸组成、分子质量及二级结构。结果显示:AP、热变性蛋白(thermally denaturated protein,TP)和乙醇沉淀蛋白(ethanol-precipitated protein,EP)均在210 nm波长处有最大吸收峰,氨基酸组成类似;热变性去除了分子质量为94 k D的蛋白质,分子质量为5 094 k D的蛋白质含量减少,乙醇沉淀进一步减少了分子质量分别为50 k D和14 k D的蛋白质。AP的二级结构主要为α-螺旋和β-转角,有少量β-折叠;TP的二级结构只含有β-折叠和β-转角,且以β-折叠为主;EP的二级结构主要为β-折叠和β-转角,还含有少量α-螺旋和无规卷曲。表明热变性和乙醇沉淀使得AP中的镉结合蛋白得到分离,可以作为一种分离RCBP的方法。

高静压处理对醇变性大豆11S球蛋白影响研究

研究了高静压处理对醇变性大豆11S球蛋白溶解性及结构性质的影响。结果表明,大豆11S球蛋白以1:15的比例添加65%乙醇处理后溶解度降低为14.24%。利用300 MPa高静压处理醇变性大豆11S球蛋白,可使其溶解度恢复至95.5%。凝胶渗透色谱显示,醇变性大豆11S球蛋白在不同高静压下形成多种相对分子质量的可溶性聚集体。荧光光谱和圆二色谱对高静压处理的醇变性大豆11S球蛋白结构的测定证实其结构逐步被打开,形成柔性三级结构;醇诱导稳定的α-螺旋结构部分被破坏,高静压处理后蛋白的二级结构以β-折叠为主。

醇变性大豆7S球蛋白结构特征研究

利用不同体积分数乙醇溶液对大豆7S球蛋白进行变性。分别对醇变性大豆7S球蛋白溶解度、表面疏水性、二级结构和聚集形态进行分析。大豆7S球蛋白经醇溶液变性后，溶解度在乙醇体积分数为55％～65％时基本达到最低值；表面疏水性在乙醇体积分数为25％和65％时分别达到最大值和最小值。傅立叶红外光谱表明，在乙醇体积分数较低时，β-折叠结构能稳定存在；在乙醇体积分数较高时，β-折叠和α-螺旋之间结构发生转变，呈现较高螺旋态。凝胶电泳表明，7S球蛋白亚基间以非共价相互作用力为主；经醇变性后，导致聚集体产生，且7S球蛋白分子间非共价相互作用随乙醇体积分数增大呈有逐渐增大趋势。

车用乙醇汽油中变性燃料乙醇的检测方法

本文介绍了目前检测乙醇汽油中变性燃料乙醇的方法,比如常压蒸馏曲线判断法、气相色谱法、红外光谱检测法及核磁共振波谱测定法等,对车用乙醇汽油推广应用过程中存在的问题进行了评述,讨论了其未来的发展。

变性燃料乙醇的快速近红外光谱(DA7200)分析

本文论述了采用近红外光谱DA7200的液体分析装置检测变性燃料乙醇主要成分含量的方法。讨论采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立校正模型过程中样品预处理及利用常规吸收峰优选波长的方法。经验证:水分、乙醇、甲醇、变性剂的预测值与浓度参考值具有良好相关性(相关系数大于0.96),测量重复性变异系数(CV)优于2%。结果表明,近红外光谱DA7200的液体分析装置可以满足变性燃料乙醇主要成分含量的实际测量要求,并可作为在线分析的参考模式。

Two New Compounds from Melanosciadum pimpinelloideum H. Boiss

Two new compounds, melanochromone and 2-ethoxyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol. were isolated from the whole plants of Melanosoiadum pimpinelloideum II. Boiss. The known compounds isolated were 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1.2ethanediol. tymine. cimifugin, umtatin. bergenin. daucosterol and stigmasterol. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data.

Catalytic dechlorination and detoxification of 1-(2-chlorophenyl) ethanol by Pd/Fe

1-(2-chlorophenyl) ethanol (CPE) is of health and environmental concern due to its toxicity and its use as an inter-mediate in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The current work deals with the catalytic reductive dechlorination and detoxification of CPE by Pd/Fe bimetal. CPE was effectively dechlorinated to 1-phenyl ethanol (PE) accompanied by the equivalent release of chloride. The extent of CPE dechlorination increased with temperature,Fe dosage and Pd loading. A decrease in solution pH increased CPE dechlorination,resulting presumably from an increase in hydrogen production. Under the specific conditions of 20 g/L Pd/Fe,0.10% Pd (w/w) and initial pH 5-6,the CPE dechlorination was completed within 145 min. The dechlorination fol-lowed a pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 56.7 kJ/mol. The results of toxicity testing showed that CPE was very toxic to Chlorella,whereas PE showed little toxicity. The toxicity of the reaction solution declined gradually and the pro-moting effects on Chlorella intensified consequently with the dechlorination process. Thus,the reductive dechlorination of CPE to PE by Pd/Fe was a detoxification process. It may be used to effectively reduce the toxicological effects of CPE-contaminated wastewater,thereby enhancing the performance of subsequent biological processes in wastewater treatment.

Sensitive and fast response ethanol chemical sensor based on as-grown Gd_2O_3 nanostructures

Well crystalline gadolinium oxide（Gd2O3） nanostructures were grown by annealing the hydrothermally as-prepared nanostructures without using any template. Microscopic studies of Gd2O3 nanostructures were recorded along the [111] direction due to the clearly resolved interplanar distance d（222）-0.31 nm of the cubic crystal structure Gd2O3. Sensing mechanism of Gd2O3 as efficient electron mediator for the detection of ethanol was explored. As-fabricated sensor demonstrated the high-sensitivity of -0.266 μAm/M/cm2 with low detection limit（-52.2 μmol/L） and correlation coefficient（r^2, 0.618）. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report for the detection of ethanol using as-grown（at 1000 oC） Gd2O3 nanostructures by simple and reliable Ⅰ-Ⅴ technique and rapid assessment of the reaction kinetics（in the order of seconds）. The low cost of the starting reagents and the simplicity of the synthetic route made it a promising chemical sensor for the detection of various toxic analytes, which are not environmentally safe.

Preparation of(R)-2-chloro-1-(m-chlorophenyl)ethanol by Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed second resolution

（R）-2-Chloro-l-（m-chlorophenyl）ethanol,a precursor of（R）-3-chlorostyrene oxide which is the key chiral intermediate for the preparation of severalβ3-adrenergic receptor agonists was prepared in 40%yield and 99%ee by the Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed second resolution of the corresponding racemate in the presence of vinyl acetate.

An ultra-stable microporous supramolecular framework with highly selective adsorption and separation of water over ethanol

A microporous supramolecular framework with high water and thermal stability can selectively absorb water molecules over methanol or ethanol due to the suitable channels.The model separation test on columns shows that an ultra-pure ethanol(99.9%)can be obtained from the mixture of ethanol/water(95:5).Additionally,after refluxing the desolvated sample in 95%ethanol at 60℃for 5 h,the purity of ethanol rises up to 97.43%,which is obviously higher than 96.56%for 4 A molecular sieves.