Identity Strategies of Muslim Meskhetians （Meskhetian turks） in Cultural Context

This study examines how the process of relocating has influenced on the strategy of identity of Muslim Meskhetians, the unique group from Georgia whit experiences of multiple forced migrations and displacements in the 20th and 21st century. In the 40s of 20th century, as a result of Stalin＇s policy to clean the southern border of the Soviet Union from the ＂undesirable peoples＂, the Muslim population, primordially comprised of the Turkish-speaking Meskhetians, was deported from the Caucasus to the Central Asian republic of Soviet Union. The violent clashes in the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan in 1989, Muslim Meskhetians have fled to Russia. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, they lived in Russian Federation during 20 years without citizenship and any right. In 2005, the United States government granted refugee status to Muslim Meskhetians, and they moved to the USA. We combined the in-depth interviews with the immigrants, who live in the states of Pennsylvania and Illinois State of the USA, to illustrate the changes and effects of the relocation on the Muslim Meskhetian strategies of identity. Drawing upon theoretical conceptualizations of socialization and identity strategies of C. Camilleri, this study finds that Muslim Meskhetian immigrants are carefully negotiating strategy of identity in the face of displacement.

Inarticulateness, Power and Ethnic identity On Jorge Luis Borges＇ The Gospel According to Mark

This paper attempts to focus on Jorge Luis Borges’ short story The Gospel according To Mark. Borges, an Argentina short storywriter and translator, whose motherland is under long-term western colonization, identifi es himself unconsciously with the western culture. Hisworks mostly touch upon the themes of religion and philosophy. Along with post-colonialism theory’s springing up, critics began to analyze hisworks from the post-colonial perspective. The author thinks that this short story with religious implication parallels to the cultural invasion in theperiod of colonization, from powerful culture to weaker one. The author, thus, aims to use Michael Foucault’s viewpoints concerning power andknowledge to probe into the western cultural hegemony and ideological invasion refl ected in this story. Besides, the loss and construction of theethnic identity of the colonized will be discussed in details.

Research Through Unearthed Epitaphs:The Tuyuhun People’s Sinicization During the Northern Dynasties

In the middle and late Northern Wei Dynasty,Tuyuhun people gradually entered political field of Central Plains Dynasty,and cultural merging came with the interaction of the crowd.Although Tuyuhun Kingdom located in the northwestern area,Tuyuhun people’s epitaphs whose unearthed places were known so far were all found in the Central Plains,which shows that Tuyuhun was closely linked with the Central Plains Dynasty in politics and culture.Taking epitaph of Tuyuhun Ji as the center,this thesis analyzes the political and cultural phenomenon reflected in the epitaph,on the basis of reorganizing his genealogy and official career.At the same time,combining with unearthed epigraphs of other Tuyuhun people in the Northern Dynasties,the thesis analyzes the sinicization elements in the cognitive identity of tomb owners and their images reflected in inscriptions,and further discusses the transformation of the concepts of national,ethnic,and cultural identity of Tuyuhun people who lived in the Central Plains.

Rohingya Crisis: An Analysis Through a Theoretical Perspective

The large scale exodus of Rohingyas to Bangladesh,Indonesia,Malaysia,and Thailand as a consequence of relentless persecution by the Myanmar state has gained worldwide attention.UN Secretary General,Guterres called it“ethnic cleansing”and the“humanitarian situation as catastrophic”.This catastrophic situation can be traced back to the systemic and structural violence perpetrated by the state and the society wherein the Burmans and Buddhism are taken as the central rallying force of the narrative of the nation-state.This paper tries to analyze the Rohingya discourse situating it in the theoretical precepts of securitization,structural violence,and ethnic identity.The historical antecedents and particular circumstances and happenings were construed selectively and systematically to highlight the ethnic,racial,cultural,and linguistic identity of Rohingyas to exclude them from the“national imagination”of the state.This culture of pervasive prejudice prevailing in Myanmar finds manifestation in the legal provisions whereby certain peripheral minorities including Rohingyas have been denied basic civil and political rights.This legal-juridical disjunction to seal the historical ethnic divide has institutionalized and structuralized the inherent prejudice leveraging the religious-cultural hegemony.The newly instated democratic form of government,by its very virtue of the call of the majority,has also been contributed to reinforce this schism.The armed attacks by ARSA has provided the tangible spur to the already nuanced systemic violence in Myanmar and the Rohingyas are caught in a vicious cycle of politicization of ethnic identity,structural violence,and securitization.

“We” and “They”: On Gesar Culture and Ethnic Boundaries of Rebgong Khre-Tse Sde-Bzhi

The Gesar Epic is not only a literary work and cultural icon of the Tibetan people but a symbol of maintaining ethnic boundaries.In particular,in the community mixed with both Hor and Tibetan residents,the cultural memory of Gesar is considered as one of the greatest distinguishing factors to tell the Self Group from the Other-Group.Khre-Tse Sde-Bzhi(referring to the four villages),a marginal group in Tibetan-inhabited area of Rebgong,is called Hor or DorDo by local Tibetans.When it comes to ethnic identification,the ethnic group is commonly recognized as Tu ethnicity.In fact,in the community of Khre-Tse Sde-Bzhi,local residents are distinguished by whether they are Hor(a branch of Mongolian language family)or Bod(Tibetan);moreover,there remains a relatively obvious sense of ethnic identity.And yet,in addition to the dominant characteristics of local languages,it is the Gesar culture that has become one of the main features to differentiate between Bod and Hor.More importantly,people of Bod and Hor identify themselves by whether the others tell the complete version of the Gesar Epic or whether they have the authentic King Gesar enshrined,in order to determine their cultural identity.

The Escape in Trauma and Return for Belongings in Shanghai Girls Under the Historical and Social Background

Under the social and historical context,the deep reasons of the two sisters escaping from their hometown and nation are discussed due to the social background,motivation,destination,route,which reflects people’s yearning for a peaceful life and the excavation of their self-courage trampling of the iron hoof of war.That’s a further sign of sisterhood.Then the personal attitudes and choices of the two sisters are analyzed as well as the return in various meanings,including the ultimate return of Pearl to the family after physical trauma,return to Chinese culture after dreaming of a“good life”in America,so as to pursue the essential return of the adopted daughter to China,etc.This kind of root-seeking exploration of the protagonists forces them to“return”in various meanings and connects the East with the West,which also symbolizes the attempt to merge their own ethnic identity.Chinese-American writers make a bold attempt to define and integrate their ethnic background of social history and make a bold attempt on the definition and integration of ethnic identity.

The Centennial Protection of Ethnic Minority Rights by the Communist Party of China: An Ideological Exploration

during the different periods of revolution,construction,and reform,under the pattern of unity in diversity,the Communist Party of China has recognized and respected ethnic cultural differences,taken ethnic equality as the moral foundation for ethnic minority rights,ethnic fraternity as the ethical foundation of ethnic minority rights,and regarded ethnic minority rights as an important part of China’s human rights cause.Protecting ethnic minority rights through regional ethnic autonomy and ethnic support policies has not only proved to be an effective way to protect ethnic minority rights but also built up rich and profound ideolog ical resources for respecting and protecting ethnic minority rights.

Uprisings, Migrations, and Ethnic Identity： A Study of the Kaxabu in the Taiwan Borderland during the Qing

The earliest written record of the term “Kaxabu” dates to the 1908 survey report by the Japanese scholar Ino Kanori. In his study of the Pazzehe tribe in central Taiwan, he wrote： “Kaxabu was the name given by the Pazzehe to Daiyao＇puru, a small division of its ethnic group.” During the Qing era, the Pazzehe was called the Anli group by Chinese speakers in Taiwan, while the Kaxabu were named Puzili she （the Puzili tribe）. Since the Kaxabu originated from the Pazzehe, thus in determining the time when the Kaxabu became distinct from the Pazzehe and in exploring the differences between them, we will also elucidate historical developments before the Japanese colonial era. Using Qing historical materials such as travelogues, expedition-records, newspapers, data from fieldwork, surveys, and interviews, this study traces the intervention of the Qing court into tribal relationships in central Taiwan, beginning with the Dajiaxi she Incident （1731-32）, it touches on the changing environment of the Kaxabu/ Puzili she in their migrations in order to shed light on the development of the two distinctive identities-the Kaxabu and Pazzehe/Anli group. The analysis also reveals the impact of uprisings and migrations upon the border area surrounding Qing Taiwan, as well as problems of ethnic identification and geography.

Teachers’Multicultural Awareness and the Ethnic Identity of Minority Students:An Individual Case Study of a Hani Student

This study considers the role of teachers’multicultural awareness in promoting minority students’ethnic identity by considering the situation in one particular middle school.A case study of a Hani student is presented to show how teachers’multicultural awareness affects ethnic identity and the academic achievement of minority students.This case study enables the authors to assess the significance and value of teachers’multicultural awareness as an educational concept.Through the study,the authors point to a need to strengthen multicultural awareness in teachers’education to meet requirements of cultural diversity.The authors also emphasize that such awareness should be an objective of teacher training.