Copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO) using double metal cyanide (DMC) complex as the catalyst was carried out. The structure of random copolymers was confirmed by C-13-NMR and IR spectra. H...Copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO) using double metal cyanide (DMC) complex as the catalyst was carried out. The structure of random copolymers was confirmed by C-13-NMR and IR spectra. H-1-NMR analysis shows that the EO content in the copolymer is the same as that in the initial monomer feed. Moderate molecular weight copolymers with various EO content were obtained and their values of molecular weight distribution (MWD) fell in the range of 1.21-1.55. It was found that the molecular weight of copolymers is controlled by the mass ratio of EO+PO to initiator moles used, The reaction rate as well as polymer yield decrease with increasing EO content in the feed composition.展开更多
In this work, the surface activity of block copolymer nonionic surfactants (RPE) has been determined, i.e., critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γ), surface area demand per molecule (A)...In this work, the surface activity of block copolymer nonionic surfactants (RPE) has been determined, i.e., critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γ), surface area demand per molecule (A), surface tension at CMC (γCMC). A linear decrease of ln[CMC] vs number of oxypropylene units in copolymer molecule was observed. The change in the work of cohesion per oxypropylene group when passing from molecular into micellar state, calculated from the Shinoda equation, was 0.43kT for the studied compounds.展开更多
The copolymerization kinetics of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in an atomizing-circulation reactorunder semi-continuous operation is studied which is of great importance for molecular designation. The kineticpara...The copolymerization kinetics of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in an atomizing-circulation reactorunder semi-continuous operation is studied which is of great importance for molecular designation. The kineticparameters are obtained by numerical optimization of the kinetic model.展开更多
A series of ethylene oxide(EO)-propylene oxide (PO) random co-polymers (EOPO) were used to form aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) with ammonium sulfate.Effects of EOPO′s properties on the phase separation behaviors an...A series of ethylene oxide(EO)-propylene oxide (PO) random co-polymers (EOPO) were used to form aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) with ammonium sulfate.Effects of EOPO′s properties on the phase separation behaviors and on the partition of cephalexin and 7-aminodesacetoxicephalosporanic acid(7-ADCA) in ATPS were investigated.Both the molar mass and molar ratio of EO to PO of EOPO could greatly influence partition behaviors of cephalexin and 7-ADCA as well as the binodal curve of ATPS. With the increase of molar mass of co-polymer or the decrease of molar ratio of EO to PO,the critical point of ATPS decreased,the binodal curve became more asymmetry,and both cephalexin and 7-ADCA followed the same tendency to partition into the polymer-poor bottom phase.The experimental results shows that it is feasible to partition cephalexin and 7-ADCA in either the polymer-rich top phase or the polymer-poor bottom phase by choosing a specific phase-forming EOPO.展开更多
Acryloyl terminated Poly (ethyleneoxide)macromonomers (PEO-A) with different PEO chain lengths have been prepared by deactivation of PEO alkoxide with acryloyl chloride. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly (e...Acryloyl terminated Poly (ethyleneoxide)macromonomers (PEO-A) with different PEO chain lengths have been prepared by deactivation of PEO alkoxide with acryloyl chloride. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly (ethylene oxide)graft copolymer containing both microphase separated and PEO side chain structures has been synthesized from radical copolymerization of PEO-A macromonomer with styrene. After careful purification by a newly-developed method called 'selective dissolution', the well-defined structure of the purified copolymers was confirmed by IR, ~1H-NMR and GPC. Various experimental parameters controlling the copolymerization were studied in detail. The results indicated that the feed ratio of styrene to macromonomer(S/M) was the most important determining factor for the composition of the copolymers. A detailed 'comb- model' was proposed to describe the molecular structure of the graft copolymers. Finally, this amphiphilic graft copolymers may readily form microphase separated structures as clearly indicated by transmission electron microscopy.展开更多
The thermally stimulated shape memory behavior of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment molecular weight and hard segment content was investigated. The deformati...The thermally stimulated shape memory behavior of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment molecular weight and hard segment content was investigated. The deformation recovery ratio R-f of the EOBT samples increases with the soft segment molecular weight and the hard segment weight content, while the average overall deformation recovery speed V-r increases with the hard segment content. The temperature of maximum deformation recovery speed (T-M) is determined by the melting temperature of the soft segment crystals and the stability of the crystallized hard segment domains.展开更多
The present paper covers the poly (ethylene oxide) macromer with vinyl benzyl terminal group (PEO-VB) prepared by deactivation of the alkoxide function of mono-functional 'living' PEO chains with vinyl benzyl ...The present paper covers the poly (ethylene oxide) macromer with vinyl benzyl terminal group (PEO-VB) prepared by deactivation of the alkoxide function of mono-functional 'living' PEO chains with vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC). The obtained macromers were subjected to careful purification and detailed characterization. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-PEO) with both mi-crophase separated and PEO side chains was synthesized from radical copolymerization of PEO-VB macromer with styrene monomer. An improved purification method, referred as 'selective dissolvation', was established for the isolation of graft copolymers from the grafting products, and the purity and yield of the purified copolymers were satisfactory. The well-defined structure of the purified copolymers was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and GPC. The bulk composition of the graft copolymers was determined by a well-established first derivative UV spectrometry. Various experimental parameters controlling the copolymerization were also studied. The results indicate that the feed ratio of macromer to styrene (M/S) was the most important factor in determining the composition of the copolymers. Thus a series of PS-g-PEO with a wide range of bulk compositions were obtained simply by adjusting the value of M/S. As clearly indicated by transmission electron microscopy, this amphiphilic graft copolymers may readily form microphase separated structures.展开更多
This paper reported the research results concerning the surface characterization ofpolystyrene-graft-w-stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) by means of XPS,contactangle measurement and TEM, and its in vitro blood ...This paper reported the research results concerning the surface characterization ofpolystyrene-graft-w-stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) by means of XPS,contactangle measurement and TEM, and its in vitro blood compatibility assessment by measuringthe plasma recalcification time (RT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The XPSresults demonstrated that the surface and bulk composition of the PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymers differ remarkably from each other,and that SPEO component was constantlyenriched at the copolymer/air interface. Contact angle studies indicated that the surfacewater wettability can be adjusted effectively by changing the composition of the copolymer.PS-g-SPEO graft copolymers can undergo microphase separation as clearly illustrated byTEM photographs. The relationship between the surface properties of PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymer and its blood compatibility was also discussed.展开更多
Well-defined nonionic hydrophilic ω-acryloyl poly(ethylene oxide) macro-monomer (PEO-A) has been prepared by living anionic polymerization of ethylene oxidewith diphenyl methyl potassium as the initiator and acryloyl...Well-defined nonionic hydrophilic ω-acryloyl poly(ethylene oxide) macro-monomer (PEO-A) has been prepared by living anionic polymerization of ethylene oxidewith diphenyl methyl potassium as the initiator and acryloyl chloride as the reaction termi-nating agent. The polymer was characterized by FTIR and SEC. The emulsifier-free emul-sion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) containingvarious concentrations of PEO-A was studied. In all cases stable emulsion coplymerizationsof MMA and BA were obtained. The stabilizing effect was found to be dependent on themolecular weight and the feed amount of the macromonomer.展开更多
A series of ethylene oxide-ethylene terephthalate segmented copolymers (EOET) weresynthesized and complexed with LiClO_4 to form some new polymer electrolytes. The EOET-LiClO_4 electrolytes exhibit not only high ionic...A series of ethylene oxide-ethylene terephthalate segmented copolymers (EOET) weresynthesized and complexed with LiClO_4 to form some new polymer electrolytes. The EOET-LiClO_4 electrolytes exhibit not only high ionic conductivity, but also good mechanical strengthand toughness. The EOET 3400--25--LiClO_4 complex possesses the highest conductivity (4. 65×10^(-5)s·cm^(-1) at room temperature when the ratio [Li^+]/[EO] equals 1/16. The structures of these electrolytes were examined with FTIR analysis, X-ray diffractionand DSC thermograms, and the results of high ionic conductivity of the segmented copolymerswere discussed.展开更多
A series of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment length and hard segment content were synthesized. The compositional heterogeneity was studied by solvent extrac...A series of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment length and hard segment content were synthesized. The compositional heterogeneity was studied by solvent extraction. The results show that the compositional heterogeneity increases when soft segment length and hard segment content increase. The compositional heterogeneity is also reflected in the crystallization behavior and morphology of soft and hard segment in EOBT segmented copolymer. The more compositional heterogeneous the EOBT segmented copolymer is, the more different the morphology and the crystallization behavior between separated fractions. Compared with ethylene oxide-ethylene terephthalate (EOET) segmented copolymer, compositional heterogeneity in EOBT segmented copolymer is weaker. But the compositional heterogeneity in EOBT segmented copolymer with long soft segment and high hard segment content is still obvious.展开更多
Well - defined diblock copolymers Of styrene (St ) and ethylene oxide (EO )have been prepared by sequential living anionic polymerization of the twocomonomers in THF. Diphenyl methyl potassium has been used as initiat...Well - defined diblock copolymers Of styrene (St ) and ethylene oxide (EO )have been prepared by sequential living anionic polymerization of the twocomonomers in THF. Diphenyl methyl potassium has been used as initiator. Theblock copolymers were characterized in detail by methods Of size exclusion chromatography (SEC ) , 1H - Nab, FT - IR, dynamic mechanical analysis(Daal ) and WAXD.展开更多
In this paper,a amphiphilic brush copolymer poly(propylene oxide)-graft-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)(PPO-gPDMAEMA)was successfully prepared via the combine of anionic ring opening polymerization and atom ...In this paper,a amphiphilic brush copolymer poly(propylene oxide)-graft-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)(PPO-gPDMAEMA)was successfully prepared via the combine of anionic ring opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP).The target products were confirmed by GPC and1H NMR.This well-defined copolymer can supply a promising material as drug and gene carriers and protective materials.展开更多
The preparation and electrocatalytic activity of polyaniline-poly ( propylene oxide ) ( PAN-PPO ) modified by Pt particles ( Pt/ PAN-PPO ) were investigated. Pt/ PAN-PPO was characterized by scanning electron mi...The preparation and electrocatalytic activity of polyaniline-poly ( propylene oxide ) ( PAN-PPO ) modified by Pt particles ( Pt/ PAN-PPO ) were investigated. Pt/ PAN-PPO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy ( EDS ). Pt particles on PAN-PPO were in the nanometer range, and dispersed in a three-dimensional distribution on the surface of PAN-PPO film. Compared with polyaniline and glassy carbon modified with Pt particles under the same conditions, Pt/PAN-PPO exhibited a high electrocatalytic activity for lysine oxidation.展开更多
A universally significant method,which combines the anionic polymerization with photoinduced charge transfer polymerization,for preparation of soluble star ABC triblock copolymer of ethylene oxide,styrene and methyl m...A universally significant method,which combines the anionic polymerization with photoinduced charge transfer polymerization,for preparation of soluble star ABC triblock copolymer of ethylene oxide,styrene and methyl methacrylate,was described.The poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block was formed by initiation of phenoxy an-ions using p-aminophenol protected by Schiff’s base as the parent compound Then the charge transfer system composed of PEO chains with deprotected-amino end groups and benzophenone initiated the polymerization of styrene and methyl metnacrylate sequentially under UV irradiation.The formed star triblock copolymer of styrene,ethylene oxide and methyl methacrylate could be purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and characterized by IR,1H NMR,GPC (gel permeation chromatogrphy) and PGC (pyrolysis gas chromatography).展开更多
The effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) on the flame retardant performance of intumescent systems based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) were stu...The effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) on the flame retardant performance of intumescent systems based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) were studied. The results showed that MgO affects both the quality and quantity of residual char. There is an optimal value for the loading amount of MgO. More or less MgO loading may cause the formation of defective char layers and worsen the flame retardancy of EVA. According to the results of limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flammability test (UL94 rating) and cone calorimetry (CONE), the best flame retardancy with a strong and well intumescent char is obtained from the sample with 1 wt% of MgO, which has the highest LOI value of 27.9, UL94 rating of V-0 and the lowest peak heat release rate of 242 kW·m-2.展开更多
文摘Copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO) using double metal cyanide (DMC) complex as the catalyst was carried out. The structure of random copolymers was confirmed by C-13-NMR and IR spectra. H-1-NMR analysis shows that the EO content in the copolymer is the same as that in the initial monomer feed. Moderate molecular weight copolymers with various EO content were obtained and their values of molecular weight distribution (MWD) fell in the range of 1.21-1.55. It was found that the molecular weight of copolymers is controlled by the mass ratio of EO+PO to initiator moles used, The reaction rate as well as polymer yield decrease with increasing EO content in the feed composition.
基金Project (No. 2004C31058) supported by the Zhejiang ProvincialS&T Programme of China
文摘In this work, the surface activity of block copolymer nonionic surfactants (RPE) has been determined, i.e., critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γ), surface area demand per molecule (A), surface tension at CMC (γCMC). A linear decrease of ln[CMC] vs number of oxypropylene units in copolymer molecule was observed. The change in the work of cohesion per oxypropylene group when passing from molecular into micellar state, calculated from the Shinoda equation, was 0.43kT for the studied compounds.
文摘The copolymerization kinetics of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in an atomizing-circulation reactorunder semi-continuous operation is studied which is of great importance for molecular designation. The kineticparameters are obtained by numerical optimization of the kinetic model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29873014) and the Key Disciplinary Foundation of Shanghai.
文摘A series of ethylene oxide(EO)-propylene oxide (PO) random co-polymers (EOPO) were used to form aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) with ammonium sulfate.Effects of EOPO′s properties on the phase separation behaviors and on the partition of cephalexin and 7-aminodesacetoxicephalosporanic acid(7-ADCA) in ATPS were investigated.Both the molar mass and molar ratio of EO to PO of EOPO could greatly influence partition behaviors of cephalexin and 7-ADCA as well as the binodal curve of ATPS. With the increase of molar mass of co-polymer or the decrease of molar ratio of EO to PO,the critical point of ATPS decreased,the binodal curve became more asymmetry,and both cephalexin and 7-ADCA followed the same tendency to partition into the polymer-poor bottom phase.The experimental results shows that it is feasible to partition cephalexin and 7-ADCA in either the polymer-rich top phase or the polymer-poor bottom phase by choosing a specific phase-forming EOPO.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Education Committee of China
文摘Acryloyl terminated Poly (ethyleneoxide)macromonomers (PEO-A) with different PEO chain lengths have been prepared by deactivation of PEO alkoxide with acryloyl chloride. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly (ethylene oxide)graft copolymer containing both microphase separated and PEO side chain structures has been synthesized from radical copolymerization of PEO-A macromonomer with styrene. After careful purification by a newly-developed method called 'selective dissolution', the well-defined structure of the purified copolymers was confirmed by IR, ~1H-NMR and GPC. Various experimental parameters controlling the copolymerization were studied in detail. The results indicated that the feed ratio of styrene to macromonomer(S/M) was the most important determining factor for the composition of the copolymers. A detailed 'comb- model' was proposed to describe the molecular structure of the graft copolymers. Finally, this amphiphilic graft copolymers may readily form microphase separated structures as clearly indicated by transmission electron microscopy.
文摘The thermally stimulated shape memory behavior of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment molecular weight and hard segment content was investigated. The deformation recovery ratio R-f of the EOBT samples increases with the soft segment molecular weight and the hard segment weight content, while the average overall deformation recovery speed V-r increases with the hard segment content. The temperature of maximum deformation recovery speed (T-M) is determined by the melting temperature of the soft segment crystals and the stability of the crystallized hard segment domains.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China The State Education Commission of China
文摘The present paper covers the poly (ethylene oxide) macromer with vinyl benzyl terminal group (PEO-VB) prepared by deactivation of the alkoxide function of mono-functional 'living' PEO chains with vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC). The obtained macromers were subjected to careful purification and detailed characterization. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-PEO) with both mi-crophase separated and PEO side chains was synthesized from radical copolymerization of PEO-VB macromer with styrene monomer. An improved purification method, referred as 'selective dissolvation', was established for the isolation of graft copolymers from the grafting products, and the purity and yield of the purified copolymers were satisfactory. The well-defined structure of the purified copolymers was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and GPC. The bulk composition of the graft copolymers was determined by a well-established first derivative UV spectrometry. Various experimental parameters controlling the copolymerization were also studied. The results indicate that the feed ratio of macromer to styrene (M/S) was the most important factor in determining the composition of the copolymers. Thus a series of PS-g-PEO with a wide range of bulk compositions were obtained simply by adjusting the value of M/S. As clearly indicated by transmission electron microscopy, this amphiphilic graft copolymers may readily form microphase separated structures.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Education Committee of China.
文摘This paper reported the research results concerning the surface characterization ofpolystyrene-graft-w-stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) by means of XPS,contactangle measurement and TEM, and its in vitro blood compatibility assessment by measuringthe plasma recalcification time (RT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The XPSresults demonstrated that the surface and bulk composition of the PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymers differ remarkably from each other,and that SPEO component was constantlyenriched at the copolymer/air interface. Contact angle studies indicated that the surfacewater wettability can be adjusted effectively by changing the composition of the copolymer.PS-g-SPEO graft copolymers can undergo microphase separation as clearly illustrated byTEM photographs. The relationship between the surface properties of PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymer and its blood compatibility was also discussed.
文摘Well-defined nonionic hydrophilic ω-acryloyl poly(ethylene oxide) macro-monomer (PEO-A) has been prepared by living anionic polymerization of ethylene oxidewith diphenyl methyl potassium as the initiator and acryloyl chloride as the reaction termi-nating agent. The polymer was characterized by FTIR and SEC. The emulsifier-free emul-sion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) containingvarious concentrations of PEO-A was studied. In all cases stable emulsion coplymerizationsof MMA and BA were obtained. The stabilizing effect was found to be dependent on themolecular weight and the feed amount of the macromonomer.
文摘A series of ethylene oxide-ethylene terephthalate segmented copolymers (EOET) weresynthesized and complexed with LiClO_4 to form some new polymer electrolytes. The EOET-LiClO_4 electrolytes exhibit not only high ionic conductivity, but also good mechanical strengthand toughness. The EOET 3400--25--LiClO_4 complex possesses the highest conductivity (4. 65×10^(-5)s·cm^(-1) at room temperature when the ratio [Li^+]/[EO] equals 1/16. The structures of these electrolytes were examined with FTIR analysis, X-ray diffractionand DSC thermograms, and the results of high ionic conductivity of the segmented copolymerswere discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research"Macromolecule Condensed State",The State Science and TechnologyCommission of China.
文摘A series of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment length and hard segment content were synthesized. The compositional heterogeneity was studied by solvent extraction. The results show that the compositional heterogeneity increases when soft segment length and hard segment content increase. The compositional heterogeneity is also reflected in the crystallization behavior and morphology of soft and hard segment in EOBT segmented copolymer. The more compositional heterogeneous the EOBT segmented copolymer is, the more different the morphology and the crystallization behavior between separated fractions. Compared with ethylene oxide-ethylene terephthalate (EOET) segmented copolymer, compositional heterogeneity in EOBT segmented copolymer is weaker. But the compositional heterogeneity in EOBT segmented copolymer with long soft segment and high hard segment content is still obvious.
文摘Well - defined diblock copolymers Of styrene (St ) and ethylene oxide (EO )have been prepared by sequential living anionic polymerization of the twocomonomers in THF. Diphenyl methyl potassium has been used as initiator. Theblock copolymers were characterized in detail by methods Of size exclusion chromatography (SEC ) , 1H - Nab, FT - IR, dynamic mechanical analysis(Daal ) and WAXD.
文摘In this paper,a amphiphilic brush copolymer poly(propylene oxide)-graft-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)(PPO-gPDMAEMA)was successfully prepared via the combine of anionic ring opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP).The target products were confirmed by GPC and1H NMR.This well-defined copolymer can supply a promising material as drug and gene carriers and protective materials.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20376074) and the Special Funds for the Major State BasicResearch Projects (2003CCA01300)
文摘The preparation and electrocatalytic activity of polyaniline-poly ( propylene oxide ) ( PAN-PPO ) modified by Pt particles ( Pt/ PAN-PPO ) were investigated. Pt/ PAN-PPO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy ( EDS ). Pt particles on PAN-PPO were in the nanometer range, and dispersed in a three-dimensional distribution on the surface of PAN-PPO film. Compared with polyaniline and glassy carbon modified with Pt particles under the same conditions, Pt/PAN-PPO exhibited a high electrocatalytic activity for lysine oxidation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Doctoral Training Foundation of the State Education Commission of China
文摘A universally significant method,which combines the anionic polymerization with photoinduced charge transfer polymerization,for preparation of soluble star ABC triblock copolymer of ethylene oxide,styrene and methyl methacrylate,was described.The poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block was formed by initiation of phenoxy an-ions using p-aminophenol protected by Schiff’s base as the parent compound Then the charge transfer system composed of PEO chains with deprotected-amino end groups and benzophenone initiated the polymerization of styrene and methyl metnacrylate sequentially under UV irradiation.The formed star triblock copolymer of styrene,ethylene oxide and methyl methacrylate could be purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and characterized by IR,1H NMR,GPC (gel permeation chromatogrphy) and PGC (pyrolysis gas chromatography).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51203136)the Scientific Special Fund of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C01074)
文摘The effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) on the flame retardant performance of intumescent systems based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) were studied. The results showed that MgO affects both the quality and quantity of residual char. There is an optimal value for the loading amount of MgO. More or less MgO loading may cause the formation of defective char layers and worsen the flame retardancy of EVA. According to the results of limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flammability test (UL94 rating) and cone calorimetry (CONE), the best flame retardancy with a strong and well intumescent char is obtained from the sample with 1 wt% of MgO, which has the highest LOI value of 27.9, UL94 rating of V-0 and the lowest peak heat release rate of 242 kW·m-2.