[Objective] Effect of hypoxic water culture on physiological characteristic of water spinach and its hypoxia tolerance were studied.[Method] Water spinach was planted in soil and eutrophication water by means of float...[Objective] Effect of hypoxic water culture on physiological characteristic of water spinach and its hypoxia tolerance were studied.[Method] Water spinach was planted in soil and eutrophication water by means of floating bed,respectively,and the change of physiological indexes including chlorophyll,proline（Pro）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,soluble sugar and soluble protein in water spinach leaves at mature stage was researched,while the hypoxia tolerance of water spinach and the effect of plant density on water spinach growth were discussed in our paper.[Result] In the hypoxic eutrophication water,the content of total chlorophyll,malondialdehyde,soluble sugar and soluble protein in water spinach leaves was lower than that of soil culture,with higher proline content,which showed that water spinach had better tolerance to hypoxic eutrophication water;the higher the plant density,the lower the chlorophyll content in water spinach leaves,and there was no significant effect of plant density on proline and malondialdehyde content,while soluble protein content was higher under high plant density.[Conclusion] The best plant density of water spinach was 66 plants per floating bed with the area of 2 m2,which could provide theoretical basis for the application of water spinach in floating bed.展开更多
The world’s lakes are in the process of degradation, with loss of water quality as a result of anthropic influences. This research aimed to evaluate water quality in high-pressure Peruvian anthropic sectors of Lake T...The world’s lakes are in the process of degradation, with loss of water quality as a result of anthropic influences. This research aimed to evaluate water quality in high-pressure Peruvian anthropic sectors of Lake Titicaca using a calibrated index. The study considered ten important bays with influence from urban sectors. In each bay, surface waters were monitored for six years, considering physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Water quality was assessed using the NSF Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) and the one calibrated for Lake Titicaca (WQIT). Comparing the efficiency of these two indices, the WQIT showed a variation from moderately polluted bays to bad quality bays, such as Desaguadero and Yunguyo. These two bays were classified as hypereutrophic, therefore, the uses attributable to this condition are only irrigation and energy production. Applying the NSF-WQI, the results were not able to identify this significative difference, as all bays were classified as moderate quality waters. This result indicates that the WQIT calibration was adequate, as it allows inferring and estimating the water quality of Lake Titicaca with greater precision. According to Peru’s water quality standard for category 4, established for the conservation of the country’s lakes, the parameters that exceeded the standard values were PO4-P (0.035 mg∙L−1) and BOD5 (5 mg∙L−1) in all bays, and TC (1000 MPN mL−1) in Yunguyo bay. These high values indicate eutrophication processes, one of the main problems in the study area. The WQIT calibrated for Lake Titicaca can be used as an efficient tool to assess water quality in high Andean lentic waterbodies in South America.展开更多
Donghu Lake in Wuhan is a multipurpose complex water body. However, its eutrophication phenomenon becomes increasingly serious. By making use of detailed and accurate contamination monitoring data and several mathemat...Donghu Lake in Wuhan is a multipurpose complex water body. However, its eutrophication phenomenon becomes increasingly serious. By making use of detailed and accurate contamination monitoring data and several mathematics models, we probe into the dynamic state of water quality. The year’s average value of major contamination index in Donghu Lake from 2001 to 2008 and fuzzy complex index are used to assess its short-term state of water quality. The results show that its water quality is basically stable in the 4th class of water quality standard GB3838-2002.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to find out effects of six-fourth generation Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenée） on rice production in Yangzhou district and its control index. [Method] Through artificial control of i...[Objective] The study aimed to find out effects of six-fourth generation Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenée） on rice production in Yangzhou district and its control index. [Method] Through artificial control of insects in field, four different insect volume gradients were set, the effects of different C. medinalis amounts on leaf roll rate and yield loss of Wuyunjing No.23 were determined. [Result] The results showed that within the range of 0-20 head/hill, as the amounts of insect increased, rice yield decreased, leaf roll rate and rice yield loss rate increased. According to 3% economic permit loss rate, the control index of C. medinalis on Wuyunjing No.23 was 173 head/hill. [Conclusion] The study would provide theoretical basis for effective controlling of six-fourth generation C. medinalis in Yangzhou district.展开更多
为探究急性温度胁迫对红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans消化和免疫功能的影响及饲料添加维生素E(VE)的干预效应。选取健康2龄红耳龟112只,分成未添加VE组和添加VE组(250 mg·kg^(−1)),每组设室温(30℃)、低温(17℃)和高温(35℃),于...为探究急性温度胁迫对红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans消化和免疫功能的影响及饲料添加维生素E(VE)的干预效应。选取健康2龄红耳龟112只,分成未添加VE组和添加VE组(250 mg·kg^(−1)),每组设室温(30℃)、低温(17℃)和高温(35℃),于胁迫0 h、6 h、12 h取血液和肠道组织,检测血清抗氧化酶和肠道消化酶活性。结果表明,未添加VE组低温下淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性显著上升,谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低,高温下胃蛋白酶活性极显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高,GSH含量显著下降;添加VE组急性温度胁迫下的SOD活性升幅减小,GSH含量升高,低温下胃蛋白酶活性显著提高,脂肪酶活性显著降低;高温下胃蛋白酶活性极显著降低,淀粉酶活性显著升高。本研究初步阐释了急性温度胁迫对红耳龟的损伤机制,同时发现饲料添加VE具有一定程度的缓解作用,为生产中应对急性温度应激探索了一条绿色可行途径。展开更多
By analyzing the variability of global SST （sea surface temperature） anomalies, we propose a unified Nifio index using the surface thermal centroid anomaly of the region along the Pacific equator embraced by the 0.7...By analyzing the variability of global SST （sea surface temperature） anomalies, we propose a unified Nifio index using the surface thermal centroid anomaly of the region along the Pacific equator embraced by the 0.7~C contour line of the standard deviation of the SST anomalies and try to unify the traditional Nifio regions into a single entity. The unified Nifio region covers almost all of the traditional Nifio regions. The anomaly time series of the averaged SST over this region are closely correlated to historical Nifio indices. The anomaly time series of the zonal and meridional thermal centroid have close correlation with historical TNI （Trans-Nifio index） indices, showing differences among E1 Nifio （La Nifia） events. The meridional centroid anomaly suggests that areas of maximum temperature anomaly are moving meridionally （although slightly） with synchronous zonal movement. The zonal centroid anomalies of the unified Nifio region are found helpful in the classification of the Eastern Pacific （EP）/Central Pacific （CP） types of E1 Nifio events. More importantly, the zonal centroid anomaly shows that warm areas might move during a single warming/cooling phase. All the current Nifio indices can be well represented by a simple linear combination of unified Nifio indices, which suggests that the thermal anomaly （SSTA） and thermal centroid location anomaly of the unified Nifio region would yield a more complete image of each E1 Nifio/ La Nina event.展开更多
To understand the impacts of large-scale circulation during the evolution of E1 Nifio cycle on tropical cyclones （TC） is important and useful for TC forecast. Based on best-track data from the Joint Typhoon Warning ...To understand the impacts of large-scale circulation during the evolution of E1 Nifio cycle on tropical cyclones （TC） is important and useful for TC forecast. Based on best-track data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and reanalysis data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction for the period 1975- 2014, we investigated the influences of two types of E1 Nifio, the eastern Pacific E1 Nifio （EP-E1 Nifio） and central Pacific E1 Nifio （CP-E1 Nifio）, on global TC genesis. We also examined how various environmental factors contribute to these influences using a modified genesis potential index （MGPI）. The composites reproduced for two types of E1 Nifio, from their developing to decaying phases, were able to qualitatively replicate observed cyclogenesis in several basins except for the Arabian Sea. Certain factors of MGPI with more influence than others in various regions are identified. Over the western North Pacific, five variables were all important in the two E1Nifio types during developing summer （July-August-September） and fall （October- November-December）, and decaying spring （April-May-June） and summer. In the eastern Pacific, vertical shear and relative vorticity are the crucial factors for the two types of El Nifio during developing and decaying summers. In the Atlantic, vertical shear, potential intensity and relative humidity are important for the opposite variation of EP- and CP-EI Nifios during decaying summers. In the Southern Hemisphere, the five variables have varying contributions to TC genesis variation during peak season （January-February-March） for the two types of E1 Nifio. In the Bay of Bengal, relative vorticity, humidity and omega may be responsible for clearly reduced TC genesis during developing fall for the two types and slightly suppressed TC cyclogenesis during EP-E1 Nifio decaying spring. In the Arabian Sea, the EP-E1 Nifio generates a slightly positive anomaly of TC genesis during developing falls and decaying springs, but the MGPI failed to capture this variation.展开更多
The Cold Eddy in the East China Sea(CEECS) is located about 150 km southwest of Cheju Island.This region experiences a complex current system under the influences of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC),the Yellow Sea Co...The Cold Eddy in the East China Sea(CEECS) is located about 150 km southwest of Cheju Island.This region experiences a complex current system under the influences of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC),the Yellow Sea Coastal Current(YSCC),and the northward Kuroshio residual.To identify the strength of the CEECS,a simple subsurface intensity index is developed.Because the CEECS can be traced by temperature minimum,the intensity index is determined by the difference in sea temperature averaged across cores within and surrounding the region.Based on SODA,the CEECS subsurface intensity index time series can be calculated,with which the inter-annual variation of the CEECS is analyzed.展开更多
Modulation degree of refractive index is an important parameter for information storage in photorefractive materials. Using the relationship between the refractive index and the wavelengths of laser and the order of i...Modulation degree of refractive index is an important parameter for information storage in photorefractive materials. Using the relationship between the refractive index and the wavelengths of laser and the order of interference, we introduce a new method to measure the modulation degree of refractive index in photorefractive materials through detecting the shift of the interference fringe in a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer with a CCD. The measurement precision is also analyzed. With this method, the modulation degree of refractive index in our prepared SCLP/E7/C 60 photorefractive polymer is measured for different external voltages and the external voltage corresponding to the maximal modulation degree of refractive index is reported. The dynamic change of refractive index in the SCLP/E7/C 60 is also studied, which will be helpful to understand the reaction mechanism of photochemistry in the material.展开更多
The fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer used to measure the refractive index modulation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is introduced.From measuring the quantity of the interference fringe shift with a CCD based on t...The fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer used to measure the refractive index modulation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is introduced.From measuring the quantity of the interference fringe shift with a CCD based on the theory of isoclinal interference fringes formatting,the maximal refractive index modulation versus different external voltages,3.899×10-3 in the external voltage of 57.4 V/μm,and the dynamic refractive index modulation versus response time in the external voltage of 8 V/μm are found in our prepared 1.250 mm-thick PMMA/E49/TNF/ECZ polymer-dispersed liquid crystals.The experimental results will be helpful to understand the photoinduced reaction mechanism of the material and optimize the mixture ratio of each component.展开更多
Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain uncl...Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear.This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes(Juyanhai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,Hongjiannao Lake,Daihai Lake,Chagannaoer Lake,Hulun Lake,and Wulannuoer Lake)across the longitudinal axis(from the west to the east)of Inner Mongolia.Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI(Σ)),multivariate statistics,and spatial analysis methods.The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline.Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics.Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes,with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L,respectively.The values of TLI(Σ)ranged from 49.14 to 71.77,indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication,and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication.The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI(Σ).The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake,whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level.The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality.It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment.These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia,which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.展开更多
Globally,economies have become complex and new technologies have transformed and facilitated the modernization of economies.In the previous literature,economic complexity approach has become one of the popular tools i...Globally,economies have become complex and new technologies have transformed and facilitated the modernization of economies.In the previous literature,economic complexity approach has become one of the popular tools in the development and innovation studies of economic geography.Researchers have found that green technology and eco-innovation approaches should be used to decisively reduce the effects of carbon emissions on the environment.However,debates about the impact of economic complexity on environment remain unsettled since some emerging production technologies have far-reaching pollution effects.This study explored the impacts of economic complexity on environmental sustainability in Turkey using the novel Fourier-based approaches,namely:Fourier Augmented Dickey-Fuller(FADF)and Fourier Autoregressive-Distributed Lag(FARDL)models.The Fourier-based approaches indicated that all variables(economic complexity index(ECI),GDP,energy consumption,and CO_(2)emission(CO_(2)E))are cointegrated in the long run.Additionally,the FARDL model implied that(i)in the long run,the effect of ECI(as a proxy for economic complexity),GDP(as a proxy for economic growth),and energy consumption on CO_(2)E(as a proxy for environmental quality)are important;(ii)economic complexity decreases environmental degradation in Turkey;and(iii)economic growth and energy consumption negatively affect environmental quality.The results also showed that economic complexity could be used as a policy tool to tackle environmental degradation.The findings also revealed that the fossil fuelbased economy will continue to expand and undermine Turkey’s efforts to meet its net zero emission target by 2053.Therefore,policy-makers should take actions and establish diversified economic,environmental,and energy strategies.For policy insights,the Turkish governments can use the combination of tax exemptions and technical support systems to support knowledge creation and the diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies The governments can also impose strict environmental regulations on the knowledge development phases.展开更多
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Project of Science and Technology Ministry(2009GB23320484)National Spark Program Project(2010GA760003)~~
文摘[Objective] Effect of hypoxic water culture on physiological characteristic of water spinach and its hypoxia tolerance were studied.[Method] Water spinach was planted in soil and eutrophication water by means of floating bed,respectively,and the change of physiological indexes including chlorophyll,proline（Pro）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,soluble sugar and soluble protein in water spinach leaves at mature stage was researched,while the hypoxia tolerance of water spinach and the effect of plant density on water spinach growth were discussed in our paper.[Result] In the hypoxic eutrophication water,the content of total chlorophyll,malondialdehyde,soluble sugar and soluble protein in water spinach leaves was lower than that of soil culture,with higher proline content,which showed that water spinach had better tolerance to hypoxic eutrophication water;the higher the plant density,the lower the chlorophyll content in water spinach leaves,and there was no significant effect of plant density on proline and malondialdehyde content,while soluble protein content was higher under high plant density.[Conclusion] The best plant density of water spinach was 66 plants per floating bed with the area of 2 m2,which could provide theoretical basis for the application of water spinach in floating bed.
文摘The world’s lakes are in the process of degradation, with loss of water quality as a result of anthropic influences. This research aimed to evaluate water quality in high-pressure Peruvian anthropic sectors of Lake Titicaca using a calibrated index. The study considered ten important bays with influence from urban sectors. In each bay, surface waters were monitored for six years, considering physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Water quality was assessed using the NSF Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) and the one calibrated for Lake Titicaca (WQIT). Comparing the efficiency of these two indices, the WQIT showed a variation from moderately polluted bays to bad quality bays, such as Desaguadero and Yunguyo. These two bays were classified as hypereutrophic, therefore, the uses attributable to this condition are only irrigation and energy production. Applying the NSF-WQI, the results were not able to identify this significative difference, as all bays were classified as moderate quality waters. This result indicates that the WQIT calibration was adequate, as it allows inferring and estimating the water quality of Lake Titicaca with greater precision. According to Peru’s water quality standard for category 4, established for the conservation of the country’s lakes, the parameters that exceeded the standard values were PO4-P (0.035 mg∙L−1) and BOD5 (5 mg∙L−1) in all bays, and TC (1000 MPN mL−1) in Yunguyo bay. These high values indicate eutrophication processes, one of the main problems in the study area. The WQIT calibrated for Lake Titicaca can be used as an efficient tool to assess water quality in high Andean lentic waterbodies in South America.
文摘Donghu Lake in Wuhan is a multipurpose complex water body. However, its eutrophication phenomenon becomes increasingly serious. By making use of detailed and accurate contamination monitoring data and several mathematics models, we probe into the dynamic state of water quality. The year’s average value of major contamination index in Donghu Lake from 2001 to 2008 and fuzzy complex index are used to assess its short-term state of water quality. The results show that its water quality is basically stable in the 4th class of water quality standard GB3838-2002.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Yangzhou(YZ2007040)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to find out effects of six-fourth generation Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenée） on rice production in Yangzhou district and its control index. [Method] Through artificial control of insects in field, four different insect volume gradients were set, the effects of different C. medinalis amounts on leaf roll rate and yield loss of Wuyunjing No.23 were determined. [Result] The results showed that within the range of 0-20 head/hill, as the amounts of insect increased, rice yield decreased, leaf roll rate and rice yield loss rate increased. According to 3% economic permit loss rate, the control index of C. medinalis on Wuyunjing No.23 was 173 head/hill. [Conclusion] The study would provide theoretical basis for effective controlling of six-fourth generation C. medinalis in Yangzhou district.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Nos.2012CB957704,2009CB723903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40506035,40876005)
文摘By analyzing the variability of global SST （sea surface temperature） anomalies, we propose a unified Nifio index using the surface thermal centroid anomaly of the region along the Pacific equator embraced by the 0.7~C contour line of the standard deviation of the SST anomalies and try to unify the traditional Nifio regions into a single entity. The unified Nifio region covers almost all of the traditional Nifio regions. The anomaly time series of the averaged SST over this region are closely correlated to historical Nifio indices. The anomaly time series of the zonal and meridional thermal centroid have close correlation with historical TNI （Trans-Nifio index） indices, showing differences among E1 Nifio （La Nifia） events. The meridional centroid anomaly suggests that areas of maximum temperature anomaly are moving meridionally （although slightly） with synchronous zonal movement. The zonal centroid anomalies of the unified Nifio region are found helpful in the classification of the Eastern Pacific （EP）/Central Pacific （CP） types of E1 Nifio events. More importantly, the zonal centroid anomaly shows that warm areas might move during a single warming/cooling phase. All the current Nifio indices can be well represented by a simple linear combination of unified Nifio indices, which suggests that the thermal anomaly （SSTA） and thermal centroid location anomaly of the unified Nifio region would yield a more complete image of each E1 Nifio/ La Nina event.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2012CB417402)the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.LTO1510)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11010102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41106018)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(No.41421005)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406401)
文摘To understand the impacts of large-scale circulation during the evolution of E1 Nifio cycle on tropical cyclones （TC） is important and useful for TC forecast. Based on best-track data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and reanalysis data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction for the period 1975- 2014, we investigated the influences of two types of E1 Nifio, the eastern Pacific E1 Nifio （EP-E1 Nifio） and central Pacific E1 Nifio （CP-E1 Nifio）, on global TC genesis. We also examined how various environmental factors contribute to these influences using a modified genesis potential index （MGPI）. The composites reproduced for two types of E1 Nifio, from their developing to decaying phases, were able to qualitatively replicate observed cyclogenesis in several basins except for the Arabian Sea. Certain factors of MGPI with more influence than others in various regions are identified. Over the western North Pacific, five variables were all important in the two E1Nifio types during developing summer （July-August-September） and fall （October- November-December）, and decaying spring （April-May-June） and summer. In the eastern Pacific, vertical shear and relative vorticity are the crucial factors for the two types of El Nifio during developing and decaying summers. In the Atlantic, vertical shear, potential intensity and relative humidity are important for the opposite variation of EP- and CP-EI Nifios during decaying summers. In the Southern Hemisphere, the five variables have varying contributions to TC genesis variation during peak season （January-February-March） for the two types of E1 Nifio. In the Bay of Bengal, relative vorticity, humidity and omega may be responsible for clearly reduced TC genesis during developing fall for the two types and slightly suppressed TC cyclogenesis during EP-E1 Nifio decaying spring. In the Arabian Sea, the EP-E1 Nifio generates a slightly positive anomaly of TC genesis during developing falls and decaying springs, but the MGPI failed to capture this variation.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2005CB422307, 2007CB411803)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-08-0510)National 908 Program of China (No. 908-02-02-02)
文摘The Cold Eddy in the East China Sea(CEECS) is located about 150 km southwest of Cheju Island.This region experiences a complex current system under the influences of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC),the Yellow Sea Coastal Current(YSCC),and the northward Kuroshio residual.To identify the strength of the CEECS,a simple subsurface intensity index is developed.Because the CEECS can be traced by temperature minimum,the intensity index is determined by the difference in sea temperature averaged across cores within and surrounding the region.Based on SODA,the CEECS subsurface intensity index time series can be calculated,with which the inter-annual variation of the CEECS is analyzed.
文摘Modulation degree of refractive index is an important parameter for information storage in photorefractive materials. Using the relationship between the refractive index and the wavelengths of laser and the order of interference, we introduce a new method to measure the modulation degree of refractive index in photorefractive materials through detecting the shift of the interference fringe in a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer with a CCD. The measurement precision is also analyzed. With this method, the modulation degree of refractive index in our prepared SCLP/E7/C 60 photorefractive polymer is measured for different external voltages and the external voltage corresponding to the maximal modulation degree of refractive index is reported. The dynamic change of refractive index in the SCLP/E7/C 60 is also studied, which will be helpful to understand the reaction mechanism of photochemistry in the material.
文摘The fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer used to measure the refractive index modulation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is introduced.From measuring the quantity of the interference fringe shift with a CCD based on the theory of isoclinal interference fringes formatting,the maximal refractive index modulation versus different external voltages,3.899×10-3 in the external voltage of 57.4 V/μm,and the dynamic refractive index modulation versus response time in the external voltage of 8 V/μm are found in our prepared 1.250 mm-thick PMMA/E49/TNF/ECZ polymer-dispersed liquid crystals.The experimental results will be helpful to understand the photoinduced reaction mechanism of the material and optimize the mixture ratio of each component.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3201203)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020ZD0009)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51869014)the Open Project Program of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resources Use of the Mongolian Plateau(KF2020006)the Special Funds for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Postgraduates in Inner Mongolia University(11200-121024).
文摘Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear.This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes(Juyanhai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,Hongjiannao Lake,Daihai Lake,Chagannaoer Lake,Hulun Lake,and Wulannuoer Lake)across the longitudinal axis(from the west to the east)of Inner Mongolia.Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI(Σ)),multivariate statistics,and spatial analysis methods.The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline.Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics.Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes,with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L,respectively.The values of TLI(Σ)ranged from 49.14 to 71.77,indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication,and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication.The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI(Σ).The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake,whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level.The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality.It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment.These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia,which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.
文摘Globally,economies have become complex and new technologies have transformed and facilitated the modernization of economies.In the previous literature,economic complexity approach has become one of the popular tools in the development and innovation studies of economic geography.Researchers have found that green technology and eco-innovation approaches should be used to decisively reduce the effects of carbon emissions on the environment.However,debates about the impact of economic complexity on environment remain unsettled since some emerging production technologies have far-reaching pollution effects.This study explored the impacts of economic complexity on environmental sustainability in Turkey using the novel Fourier-based approaches,namely:Fourier Augmented Dickey-Fuller(FADF)and Fourier Autoregressive-Distributed Lag(FARDL)models.The Fourier-based approaches indicated that all variables(economic complexity index(ECI),GDP,energy consumption,and CO_(2)emission(CO_(2)E))are cointegrated in the long run.Additionally,the FARDL model implied that(i)in the long run,the effect of ECI(as a proxy for economic complexity),GDP(as a proxy for economic growth),and energy consumption on CO_(2)E(as a proxy for environmental quality)are important;(ii)economic complexity decreases environmental degradation in Turkey;and(iii)economic growth and energy consumption negatively affect environmental quality.The results also showed that economic complexity could be used as a policy tool to tackle environmental degradation.The findings also revealed that the fossil fuelbased economy will continue to expand and undermine Turkey’s efforts to meet its net zero emission target by 2053.Therefore,policy-makers should take actions and establish diversified economic,environmental,and energy strategies.For policy insights,the Turkish governments can use the combination of tax exemptions and technical support systems to support knowledge creation and the diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies The governments can also impose strict environmental regulations on the knowledge development phases.
