Synthetically quantitative evaluation function of characteristic parameters on CO_2 arc welding process

The statistical probability and their variation regularity of the measurable characteristic parameters in the CO 2 arc welding droplet short circuiting transfer process have been studied. The statistical analysis shows that the sensitivity of each characteristic parameter with regard to the variation of the short circuiting transfer process is different. The sensitivity of 4 kinds among these characteristic parameters is more intense than that of the short circuiting transfer frequency. In order to take account of the synthetic influence of these characteristic parameters, by means of the characteristic parameters synthetic value, a quantitative evaluation function is built up to describe and evaluate the short circuiting transfer process of CO 2 arc welding in real time. The testing shows that the evaluation function can give a suitable synthetic valuation for the short circuiting transfer process with a variety of welding variables.

Genetic Algorithm Based on New Evaluation Function and Mutation Model for Training of BPNN

A local minimum is frequently encountered in the training of back propagation neural networks (BPNN), which sharply slows the training process. In this paper, an analysis of the formation of local minima is presented, and an improved genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced to overcome local minima. The Sigmoid function is generally used as the activation function of BPNN nodes. It is the flat characteristic of the Sigmoid function that results in the formation of local minima. In the improved GA, pertinent modifications are made to the evaluation function and the mutation model. The evaluation of the solution is associated with both the training error and gradient. The sensitivity of the error function to network parameters is used to form a self adapting mutation model. An example of industrial application shows the advantage of the improved GA to overcome local minima.

Comparative Analysis of Different Evaluation Functions for Protein Structure Prediction Under the HP Model

The HP model for protein structure prediction abstracts the fact that hydrophobicity is a dominant force in the protein folding process. This challenging combinatorial optimization problem has been widely addressed through metaheuristics. The evaluation function is a key component for the success of metaheuristics; the poor discrimination of the conventional evaluation function of the HP model has motivated the proposal of alternative formulations for this component. This comparative analysis inquires into the effectiveness of seven different evaluation functions for the HP model. The degree of discrimination provided by each of the studied functions, their capability to preserve a rank ordering among potential solutions which is consistent with the original objective of the HP model, as well as their effect on the performance of local search methods are analyzed. The obtained results indicate that studying alternative evaluation schemes for the HP model represents a highly valuable direction which merits more attention.

Electron densitymap evaluation functions for determining the quality of protein crystal structures

Background Finding methods to judge the quality of X-ray crystallographic information is an active research topic.The quality of electron density maps reconstructed by Fourier transform is always limited by the finite resolution,the amplitude/phase error and the completeness of diffraction data.At present,the R value and effective resolution are common ways of evaluating the quality of electron density maps.Unfortunately,the current evaluation methods are only dependent on diffraction amplitude,without any phase information.Methods Advanced evaluation functions in real space are designed to estimate the electron density map quality.The electron density map definition evaluation function relies on the atomicity of the electron density distribution.We use the power spectrum electron density entropy in protein crystallography for the first time.These two functions include both structure factor amplitudes and phases via the Fourier transform of electron density map.Results We carry out tests on synthetic data sets of known structures,varying the resolution and error,and draw the quality curves of electron density maps with theoretical,noisy and experimental diffraction data by two evaluation functions at different resolutions.The curves reveal the optimum structure and resolution of proteins clearly.Conclusions The work presented here offers new methods to evaluate the qualities of the electron density maps of proteins with slight differences,and brand new indicators to select the optimum diffraction resolution of protein structures.

Functionality evaluation of system of systems architecture based on extended influence diagrams

System of systems architecture（SoSA） has received increasing emphasis by scholars since Zachman ignited its flame in 1987. Given its complexity and abstractness, it is critical to validate and evaluate SoSA to ensure requirements have been met.Multiple qualities are discussed in the literature of SoSA evaluation, while research on functionality is scarce. In order to assess SoSA functionality, an extended influence diagram（EID） is developed in this paper. Meanwhile, a simulation method is proposed to elicit the conditional probabilities in EID through designing and executing SoSA. An illustrative anti-missile architecture case is introduced for EID development, architecture design, and simulation.

Evaluation of the Effects of Cypermethrin on Female Reproductive Function by Using Rabbit Model and of the Protective Role of Chinese Propolis

对 cypermethrin 毒性的中国 propolis 的预防效果被执行卵巢和子宫组织病理学说，以及由描绘卵巢的功能，胚胎，和崽评估。Cypermethrin 在卵巢和子宫导致了 atypia，并且减少排卵地点和胚胎的数字。导致 Cypermethrin 的氧化应力在怀孕期间，减少后代的生产率以及数字和重量并且在后代增加了词法畸形性的发生。到对待 cypermethrin 的动物的 propolis 的管理减轻了导致 cypermethrin 的繁殖毒性。

Postoperative functional evaluation of gastrectomy for gastric cancer

To improve the quality of surgical procedures for gastric cancer,it is essential to consider many components comprehensively,including gastric motility,small intestinal absorption,hormones that affect gastric motility and appetite,presence or absence of vagus nerve preservation,esophageal regurgitation on endoscopic findings,in addition to whether or not there is a physiological route for food passage through the duodenum.Furthermore,proper functional evaluation cannot be performed without considering the form and amount of energy in the nutritional supplement to be loaded,and the posture at the time of investigation.The results of functional evaluation vary according to the method selected from many available options,but we believe that use of the most physiologically accurate,appropriate and selectable option will enable us to arrive at the best resection/reconstruction technique.We have reported that it is important to consider the preservation of three elements when performing gastrectomy:1)reduction of the extent of gastrectomy,2)preservation of the pylorus,and 3)preservation of the vagus nerve;among which preservation of the remnant stomach is the most important.Furthermore,the selection of a reconstruction method that maintains secretion of hormones beneficial to gastric motility preserves the energy balance inherent in the human body,and also provides better quality of life.

Functional evaluation using several evoked spinal cord potentials in elderly patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy

BACKGROUND ： The recordings of evoked spinal cord potentials following epidural spinal cord stimulation are thought to be generated by volleys traversing the dorsal column pathway, and it may not directly reflect conduction defects in corticospinat tracts of cervical spinal cord. To our knowledge there has been few report using several evoked spinal cord potentials in function evaluation of the cervical spinal cord in eldedy patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy （CSM）. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the function states of the cervical spinal cord in elderly patients with CSM and explore its pathophysictogic mechanism. DESIGN： Case observation SETTING ： Department of Orthopedics for the aged, Shenzhen Pingle Hospital of Orthopedics. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS ： A total of 23 eldedy patients with CSM who received treatment in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine of Japan from January 2003 to February 2004 were enrolled in this study. Inclusive criteria： ① Multiple intervertebral levels of cervical spinal cord compression confirmed by MRI, e.g. 3 or more than 3 levels of compressin. ② Age ≥ 70 years old. ③ Numbness and sensory disturbance in the upper limbs and showed hyperreflexia in the lower limbs. Exclusive criteria： Patients with abnormal motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities in both upper and lower limbs were excluded. METHODS： Evoked spinal cord potentials （ESCPs） following transcranial electric stimulation （TCE-ESCPs）, epidural spinal cord stimulation （SpinaI-ESCPs） and median nerve stimulation （MN-ESCPs） were recorded in 23 patients from posterior epidural space intreoperatively. The abnormalities of TCE-ESCPs were defined as attenuation of amplitude of the D wave. The most cranial intervertebral level showing abnormal TCE-ESCPs with a marked reduction in size of the negative peak （reduction of over 50%） was considered as the upper level of the spinal cord lesion with respect to the corticospinal tract in white matter. The abnormalities of SpinaI-ESCPs were defined as marked reduction in the size of negative peak （reduction of over 50%）. The most caudal intervertebral level showing abnormal SpinaI-ESCPs was considered as the lower level of the spinal cord lesion with respect to the dorsal column pathway in white matter. The abnormalities of MN-ESCPs were defined as attenuation of the N13 amplitude,which was considered as the lesion level of the spinal cord with respect to the dorsal horn in gray matter. Radiological investigation： Lateral view of plain X-ray films was obtained in flexion and extension of the cervical spine. Instability of the cervical intervertebral level was determined as horizontal displacement of the vertebral body of over 3 mm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The results of examination of TCE-ESCPs, SpinaI-ESCPs and MN-ESCPs in el- dedy patients with CSM. RESULTS： The 23 eldedy patients with CSM were participated in the result analysis. ①TCE-ESCPs： The impairment of the corticospinal tract in white matter at single intervertebral level was revealed in 18 of 23 patients by recordings of TCE-ESCPs （sensitivity 78%）. In the 18 patients, the lesion level was shown at the up- per cervical segment in 14 patients （C3-4n=10 and C4-5n=4）, and at the lower cervical segment in 4 patients （C5-6n=4）. ②Spinal-ESCPs： The impairment of the dorsal column pathway of white matter at single intervertebral level was revealed in 17 of 23 patients, by recordings of Spinal-ESCPs （sensitivity 74%）. In the 17 patients, the lesion level was presented at the upper cervical segment in 14 patients （C3-4n=10 and C4-5n=4）, and at the lower cervical segment in 3 patients （C5-6 n=3）. ③MN-ESCPs： All patients revealed abnormal MN-ESCPs at one or more intervertebral levels （sensitivity 100%）. The impairment at single intervertebral level was demonstrated in 17 patients, and the impairment at multiple intervertebral levels was shown in 4 patients （3 patients at the C3-4, C4-4, and C5-4~6, and one patient at the C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7）. ④Radiological findings： The Instability of the intervertebral level at the C3-4 or C4-5 motion segment was seen in 15 patients, with a total of 20 levels, and where 10 were at the C3-4 intervertebral level and 5 were at the C3-4, C4-5 intervertebral level. CONCLUSION ： The results suggest that in most elderly patients with CSM who have multiple intervertebral level compressions of the cervical spinal cord on MRI, white matter is impaired at the single cervical intervertebral level, and not only the dorsal column pathway, but also the corticospinal tract can be affected. Combined the findings of radiography, the excessive motion and instability of the C3-4 or C4-5 intervertebral level plays an important role in inducing the long tract lesion in elderly patients with CSM.

MAIN FUNCTIONS AND EVALUATION OF CUTI'S COMPLEX——Simulated Saturation Diving Chamber

The 300 msw Simulated Saturation Diving Chamber Complex was designed and built by ourselves. It was completed at the end of 1985. A 300 msw trimixed saturation diving experiment was successfully conducted in the complex by Chinese Underwater Technology Institute(CUTI) from May 22 to June 12 of 1987. During the experiment, 4 divers habitated in the complex for 20 days, and they performed 16 person-time excursion dives and 8 other tests. The result of the experiment indicates that the complex is well designed, suitably configurated, wholly integrated and steadily run, as well as of low leakage. The main functions of the complex have approached to those of the same kind in the world. The complex can be used as a basic facility for serving the nation's saturation diving technology, underwater operation, personnel training, etc.

Evaluating rehabilitation interventionsin Parkinson's disease with functional MRI:a promising neuroprotective strategy

Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 10 million people world- wide （Planetta et al., 2014; Zigmond and Smeyne, 2014）. The principal clinical features of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor at rest and postural instability （Planetta et al., 2014）. It is known that both PD itself and the use of anti-parkinson drugs are associated with several non-motor symptoms such as cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric disturbances and sleep, autonomic, and sensory disorders （Park and Stacy, 2009; Foster et al., 2014）. The histopathological hallmark of PD is the reduction of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, causing dopamine deficiency in spe- cific nuclei of the basal ganglia such as the dorsal striatum （Fearnley and Lees, 1991; Planetta et al., 2014）. The disrup- tion of the dopaminergic system has long been regarded as the major cause of PD; however, it has been shown that a widespread involvement of several non-dopaminergic path- ways also contribute to the clinical manifestations of PD （Park et al., 2014）.

SOME EXISTENCE THEOREMS OF COMMON AND COINCIDENCE SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF SYSTEMS OF FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS ARISING IN DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING

Some existence theorems of common and coincidence solutions for a class of more general systems of functional equations arising in dynamic programming are shown. The results presented in this paper not only contain the corresponding results of previous studies as special cases, but also give an existence theorem of solutions for a class of functional equations suggested by Wang recently.

A fast auto-focusing method of microscopic imaging based on an improved MCS algorithm

An improved"three steps"mountain-climb searching(MCS)algorithm is proposed which is applied to auto-focusing for microscopic imaging accurately and efficiently.By analyzing the performance of several evaluation functions,the variance function and the Brenner function are synthesized as a new evaluation function.In the first step,a self-adaptive step length which is much dependent on the reciprocal of the evaluation function value at the beginning position of climbing is used for approaching the halfway up the mountain roughly.Secondly,a fixed moderate step length is applied for approaching the mountaintop of the variance function as closer as possible.Finally,afine step is employed for reaching the exact mountaintop of the Brenner function.The microscope auto-focusing experiments based on the proposed algorithm for blood smear detection have been carried out comprehensively.The results show that the improved algorithm can not only guarantee the precision to get clear focal images,but also improve the auto-focusing e±ciency.

Terrain Rendering LOD Algorithm Based on Improved Restrictive Quadtree Segmentation and Variation Coefficient of Elevation

Aiming to deal with the difficult issues of terrain data model simplification and crack disposal,the paper proposed an improved level of detail(LOD)terrain rendering algorithm,in which a variation coefficient of elevation is introduced to express the undulation of topography.Then the coefficient is used to construct a node evaluation function in the terrain data model simplification step.Furthermore,an edge reduction strategy is combined with the improved restrictive quadtree segmentation to handle the crack problem.The experiment results demonstrated that the proposed method can reduce the amount of rendering triangles and enhance the rendering speed on the premise of ensuring the rendering effect compared with a traditional LOD algorithm.

Scheme of optimal fault detection for linear discrete time-varying systems with delayed state

This paper deals with the problem of the optimal fault detection (FD) for linear discrete time-varying (LDTV) systems with delayed state and l(2)-norm bounded unknown input. The novelty lies in the designing of an evaluation function for the robust FD. The basic idea is to directly construct an evaluation function by using a weighted l(2)-norm of the measurement output, which achieves an optimal trade-off between the sensitivity to fault and the robustness to l(2)-norm bounded unknown input. To avoid complex computation, a feasible solution is obtained via the recursive computation by applying the orthogonal projection. It is shown that such an evaluation function provides a unified scheme for both the cases of unknown input being l(2)-norm bounded and jointly normal distribution, while a threshold may be chosen based on a priori knowledge of unknown input. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Antiplane response of isosceles triangular hill to incident SH waves

In this paper, antiplane response of an isosceles triangular hill to incident SH waves is studied based on the method of complex function and by using moving coordinate system. The standing wave function, which can satisfy the governing equation and boundary condition, is provided. Furthermore, numerical examples are presented; the influences of wave number and angle of the incident waves and the angle of the hill’s peak on ground motion are discussed.

Distributed Oblivious Function Evaluation and Its Applications

This paper is about distributed oblivious function evaluation (DOFE). In this setting one party (Alice) has a functionf(x), and the other party (Bob) with an input α wants to learnf(α) in an oblivious way with the help of a set of servers. What Alice should do is to share her secret functionf(x) among the servers. Bob obtains what he should get by interacting with the servers. This paper proposes the model and security requirements for DOFE and analyzes three distributed oblivious polynomial evaluation protocols presented in the paper. Keywords oblivious function evaluation - oblivious polynomial evaluation - secure multiparty computation - distributed - information security The research is supported by the National Basic Research 973 Program of China under Grant No. 1999035802 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60273029.Hong-Da Li was born in 1960. He received the Ph.D. degree from Northwestern Polytechnical University in 2001. His current research interests are cryptology and cryptographic protocol.Xiong Yang received the B.S. degree in mathematics from Yan'an University, China, in 1984. He is an associate professor in College of Economy and Trade at South China University of Tropical Agriculture. His research interest is information security.Deng-Guo Feng was born in 1963. He is now a Ph.D. supervisor. His research interests focus on information security.Bao Li was born in 1965. He received the Ph.D. degree in cryptography in 1995 from Xidian University. His research interests include cryptographic protocols and public key cryptosystems.

Appropriate stimulation in visual evoked potential to evaluate visual perception state of athletes

BACKGROUND： Several studies have demonstrated that visual evoked potentials can be influenced by sport events. To the best of our knowledge, there are no specific parameters for the most appropriate stimulation for evaluating the functional state of athletes. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the best stimulation in visual evoked potential to apply to functional evaluation of athletes. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Ninety-five, healthy students from the Shandong Normal University took part in an observational, contrast study. PARTICIPANTS： All active participants were male. Sixty-five students majored in physical education, and had participated in exercise for the duration of （4.26 ± 3.08） years. An additional 30 students majored in other subjects. METHODS： The neural electricity tester, NDI-200, was adapted to examine and record visual evoked potential with varying probes using bipolar electrodes attached to the head of all the participants in a dark room. The visual evoked potential values were analyzed transversally. A chessboard pattern reversal method was applied with the following parameters： 2 Hz stimulation frequency, brightness of 90 cdp, 80% contrast, 1-100 Hz bandpass filters, and 10 μV sensitivity; 100 responses were averaged. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： latency, peak latencies, and inter-peak latencies were measured in N75, P100, N145 with varying probe stimulations. RESULTS： （1） Comparisons between the little check, middle check, and big check stimulation, demonstrated that the common tendencies in visual evoked potential indexes of the two groups of N75 latency were successively shorter and N145 were longer. P100-N145 peak latency was decreased and each inter-peak latency was longer. （2） Changes of N75, P100, and N145 with different check stimulations in the physical education student group： after compared with the middle check stimulation, N75 latency was significantly longer （P 〈 0.01）, and N75-P100 inter-peak latency （P 〈 0.05） and N75-N145 inter-peak latency were both shorter （P 〈 0.05）. N75-P100 inter-peak latency was shorter （P 〈 0.01） in the little check stimulation. When compared with the big check stimulation, N75 latency was significantly longer （P 〈 0.01） and N145 was shorter （P 〈 0.01）. Compared with the big check stimulation, N145 latency was significantly shorter （P 〈 0.05） （3） Changes of N75, P100, and N145 with different check stimulations in the normal students： when compared with the big check stimulation, N75 latency was significantly longer （P 〈 0.05） and N145 latency was shorter （P 〈 0.05）. Each inter-peak latency was shorter （P 〈 0.05） in the little check stimulation. When comparing the middle check stimulation, N75-N145 inter-peak latency was shorter （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Large visual evoked potential differences were observed between students majoring in physical education and other subjects when medium probe stimulation was applied. These results suggest that the use of medium probe stimulation （25 mm×25 mm） should be adopted when evaluating the functional state of athletes.

Evaluation and structural analysis of the functions of the Tibetan Plateau National Park Cluster

National parks are useful entities for looking at coordinated efforts to improve the Tibetan Plateau’s function as an ecological safety barrier and the region’s green development.Research on the characteristics of the function structures of the Tibetan Plateau’s national parks is vital to promoting their systematic and coordinated development.This paper combines the pressure-state-response model,the rank-size rule and a coupling and coordination model to identify and evaluate the functions of national parks on the Tibetan Plateau and to analyze the categories,hierarchy and structures behind those functions.The results indicate the following:(1)The Tibetan Plateau National Park Cluster needs to maintain internal and external relations.Internally it needs to rationally allocate resources between ecological protection,recreation and community development,and externally it needs to promote its role as an ecological security barrier and promote regional green development by rationally ranking and organizing the individual national parks,so as to handle their co-evolution of functions at multiple scales.(2)Ecological protection,recreation and community development are the most prominent functions of the Tibetan Plateau National Park Cluster,but there is scope to develop their scientific research and education functions.The Zipf index shows that their multi-functional level conforms with the rank-size rule,indicating balanced development.Individual national parks need to strengthen their optimal functions according to their characteristic localization.(3)The degree of coupling between the functions of the Tibetan Plateau National Park Cluster is 0.7809,and the degree of coordination is 0.6227,which indicates a very strong coupling and moderate coordination.The coupling strength and degree of coordination between the multiple functions vary greatly among the individual national parks,which reflects their different function structures.There are four function structure types:fully coordinated,optimally developed,moderately developed and moderately underdeveloped.This study contributes to research on evaluating the functions of national park clusters and analyzing their structures,and it serves as a reference on optimizing and sustainably developing the Tibetan Plateau National Park Cluster.