Objective: Anxiety disorders of childhood are prevalent, debilitating conditions that do not always respond to existing treatments. Attentional biases towards threatening stimuli have been reported in anxious children...Objective: Anxiety disorders of childhood are prevalent, debilitating conditions that do not always respond to existing treatments. Attentional biases towards threatening stimuli have been reported in anxious children and hypothesized to interfere with treatment response. Therefore, we examined such biases in children with anxiety disorders in relation to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes. Method: Thirty-eight children diagnosed with anxiety disorders in a specialized clinic (21 girls and 17 boys;age = 10.50 ± 1.11 years) and 36 unaffected community controls (19 girls and 17 boys;age = 10.20 ± 1.07 years) participated. Participants completed standardized questionnaire measures of anxiety and a probe position task (PPT) with facial cues. This task often reveals a response slowing effect related to threatening faces in vulnerable individuals. Children with anxiety disorders repeated these measures after completing CBT. Results: Groups did not differ in performance on the PPT, but angry/calm incongruent difference scores were significantly associated with self-reports of social anxiety and state anxiety. When controlling for pre-CBT anxiety levels, incongruent difference scores involving angry faces predicted post-CBT anxiety disorders index scores on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. PPT scores did not change significantly with CBT. Conclusions: Attentional bias towards threat on the PPT task may predict response to CBT and appears linked to social anxiety. Interventions to ameliorate this bias merit further study, as they might improve treatment outcomes for anxious, especially socially anxious, children.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to explore the application and effect of behavioral cognitive training in group psychological counseling in the workplace.Based on the explanation of behavioral cognition theory,combined w...The purpose of this study is to explore the application and effect of behavioral cognitive training in group psychological counseling in the workplace.Based on the explanation of behavioral cognition theory,combined with the psychological characteristics and needs of the workplace population,the paper designs and implements a targeted group psychological counseling program,and analyzes the effects of counseling with a variety of evaluation methods.The results show that behavioral cognitive training has a significant effect,which provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for workplace mental health intervention.展开更多
With the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving technology,the safety of vulnerable road user(VRU)in traffic has been more guaranteed,and many research achievements have been made in the key area o...With the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving technology,the safety of vulnerable road user(VRU)in traffic has been more guaranteed,and many research achievements have been made in the key area of collision avoidance decision-making methods.In this paper,the knowledge mapping method is used to mine the available literature in depth,and it is found that the research focus has shifted from the traditional accident cause analysis to emerging deep learning and virtual reality technology.This paper summarizes research on the three core dimensions of environmental perception,behavior cognition and collision avoidance decision-making in intelligent vehicle systems.In terms of perception,accurate identification of pedestrians and cyclists in complex environments is a major demand for VRU perception;in terms of behavior cognition,the coupling of VRU intention identification and motion trajectory prediction and other multiple factors needs further research;in terms of decision-making,the intention identification and trajectory prediction of collision objects are not included in the risk assessment model,and there is a lack of exploration specifically for cyclists'collision risk.On this basis,this paper provides guidance for the improvement of traffic safety of contemporary VRU under the conditions of intelligent and connected transportation.展开更多
我国老年驾驶人数量持续增长,驾驶人结构的变化给交通安全带来了挑战。相比于其他年龄段驾驶人,老年人生心理功能逐渐衰退,更容易发生交通事故。认知功能与驾驶安全表现显著相关。从注意反应能力、执行处理能力、空间感知能力3项认知功...我国老年驾驶人数量持续增长,驾驶人结构的变化给交通安全带来了挑战。相比于其他年龄段驾驶人,老年人生心理功能逐渐衰退,更容易发生交通事故。认知功能与驾驶安全表现显著相关。从注意反应能力、执行处理能力、空间感知能力3项认知功能领域出发,研究老年人驾驶特征,设计驾驶模拟实验风险事件,获得认知驾驶行为数据,分析青年人、中年人、老年人驾驶行为特征的差异性;采用主客观结合的方法确定指标权重,提出认知驾驶行为指数计算方法;以驾驶人属性和认知功能为自变量,以认知驾驶行为指数为因变量,建立广义线性混合模型,探究不同因素对认知驾驶能力的影响。结果表明年龄、周驾驶频率、自我调节和TMT-B(Trail Making TestB)与认知驾驶行为指数显著相关,MMSE(Mini-Mental State Examination)为边缘显著相关;老年驾驶人的认知驾驶行为指数受个体特质影响较大;相较于老年人,青年人认知驾驶行为指数更差,中年人更好;周驾驶频率低的人比周驾驶频率高的人认知驾驶行为指数更好;自我调节频率为低和中的驾驶人,比频率为高的驾驶人认知驾驶行为指数更好;TMT-B测量认知正常的驾驶人比认知障碍驾驶人的认知驾驶行为指数更好。该研究从交通事故的人因机理角度出发,探究老年驾驶人面对的认知挑战,提出老年人认知驾驶行为指数计算方法并解析影响因素,为简化老年人驾驶适宜性评价程序、制定驾驶安全干预策略提供参考。展开更多
基金National Science and Technology Support Plan[Key Technique of Major Mental Illness Prevention Study](2012BAI01B04)Shanghai "Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"Science and Technology Support Project in Medicine and Agriculture in 2015(Code:15411950201)Shanghai Construction Plan of Key Medical Specialty(ZK2015A06)
文摘Objective: Anxiety disorders of childhood are prevalent, debilitating conditions that do not always respond to existing treatments. Attentional biases towards threatening stimuli have been reported in anxious children and hypothesized to interfere with treatment response. Therefore, we examined such biases in children with anxiety disorders in relation to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes. Method: Thirty-eight children diagnosed with anxiety disorders in a specialized clinic (21 girls and 17 boys;age = 10.50 ± 1.11 years) and 36 unaffected community controls (19 girls and 17 boys;age = 10.20 ± 1.07 years) participated. Participants completed standardized questionnaire measures of anxiety and a probe position task (PPT) with facial cues. This task often reveals a response slowing effect related to threatening faces in vulnerable individuals. Children with anxiety disorders repeated these measures after completing CBT. Results: Groups did not differ in performance on the PPT, but angry/calm incongruent difference scores were significantly associated with self-reports of social anxiety and state anxiety. When controlling for pre-CBT anxiety levels, incongruent difference scores involving angry faces predicted post-CBT anxiety disorders index scores on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. PPT scores did not change significantly with CBT. Conclusions: Attentional bias towards threat on the PPT task may predict response to CBT and appears linked to social anxiety. Interventions to ameliorate this bias merit further study, as they might improve treatment outcomes for anxious, especially socially anxious, children.
文摘The purpose of this study is to explore the application and effect of behavioral cognitive training in group psychological counseling in the workplace.Based on the explanation of behavioral cognition theory,combined with the psychological characteristics and needs of the workplace population,the paper designs and implements a targeted group psychological counseling program,and analyzes the effects of counseling with a variety of evaluation methods.The results show that behavioral cognitive training has a significant effect,which provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for workplace mental health intervention.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant numbers 52072214 and 52242213.
文摘With the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving technology,the safety of vulnerable road user(VRU)in traffic has been more guaranteed,and many research achievements have been made in the key area of collision avoidance decision-making methods.In this paper,the knowledge mapping method is used to mine the available literature in depth,and it is found that the research focus has shifted from the traditional accident cause analysis to emerging deep learning and virtual reality technology.This paper summarizes research on the three core dimensions of environmental perception,behavior cognition and collision avoidance decision-making in intelligent vehicle systems.In terms of perception,accurate identification of pedestrians and cyclists in complex environments is a major demand for VRU perception;in terms of behavior cognition,the coupling of VRU intention identification and motion trajectory prediction and other multiple factors needs further research;in terms of decision-making,the intention identification and trajectory prediction of collision objects are not included in the risk assessment model,and there is a lack of exploration specifically for cyclists'collision risk.On this basis,this paper provides guidance for the improvement of traffic safety of contemporary VRU under the conditions of intelligent and connected transportation.
文摘我国老年驾驶人数量持续增长,驾驶人结构的变化给交通安全带来了挑战。相比于其他年龄段驾驶人,老年人生心理功能逐渐衰退,更容易发生交通事故。认知功能与驾驶安全表现显著相关。从注意反应能力、执行处理能力、空间感知能力3项认知功能领域出发,研究老年人驾驶特征,设计驾驶模拟实验风险事件,获得认知驾驶行为数据,分析青年人、中年人、老年人驾驶行为特征的差异性;采用主客观结合的方法确定指标权重,提出认知驾驶行为指数计算方法;以驾驶人属性和认知功能为自变量,以认知驾驶行为指数为因变量,建立广义线性混合模型,探究不同因素对认知驾驶能力的影响。结果表明年龄、周驾驶频率、自我调节和TMT-B(Trail Making TestB)与认知驾驶行为指数显著相关,MMSE(Mini-Mental State Examination)为边缘显著相关;老年驾驶人的认知驾驶行为指数受个体特质影响较大;相较于老年人,青年人认知驾驶行为指数更差,中年人更好;周驾驶频率低的人比周驾驶频率高的人认知驾驶行为指数更好;自我调节频率为低和中的驾驶人,比频率为高的驾驶人认知驾驶行为指数更好;TMT-B测量认知正常的驾驶人比认知障碍驾驶人的认知驾驶行为指数更好。该研究从交通事故的人因机理角度出发,探究老年驾驶人面对的认知挑战,提出老年人认知驾驶行为指数计算方法并解析影响因素,为简化老年人驾驶适宜性评价程序、制定驾驶安全干预策略提供参考。
