Research on the Index System of Old Neighborhood Renovation Based on Green Building Evaluation Standard

With the advancement of the transformation,the contradiction between the residents’demand for a better living environment and the convenience of living in the settlements comes to the fore.Effective identification,organic integration,timely adoption,and correct decision-making for the transformation of old neighborhoods are pressing issues in the transformation of old neighborhoods.Therefore,this paper takes the green building evaluation standards of various countries as the research basis and support for the construction of the transformation strategy of old neighborhoods.Through the collection and comparative analysis of the indicators of green building evaluation standards,the index system of transformation is formed,and it also provides a certain foundation for the subsequent related research.

Standards System and Evaluation Indicators System for Environmental Protection Products

Environmental protection products and equipment are important substance basis and insurance which provide supporting for to the realization of the strategic objective of reduced energy use and emissions while improving the resource economy ＆ environmental kindly society building, as well as the sustainable development economy and environment in a sustainable fashion. Here, the framework of the standards system and evaluation indicators system for environmental protection products are described based on the present deficiencies in independent innovation, lower levels of standardization, and poor operating effectiveness of such equipment in China with a goal of forcing the development of standardization, seriation and currency used in the environmental protection industry. The results presented here should serve as a reference for the promotion of quality and effectiveness in environmental protection products and equipments.

Discussion of the Evaluation Method and Value of Green Building's POE in the Era of Large Data

China vigorously is carrying out the construction of green building and ecological city during " The 12 th five-Year plan". Now,although the identification system of design and operation have been implemented in the evaluation of green building,lacking of appropriate evaluation after use. The actual operation results of many buildings,which have got a green building logo,are not satisfied from the user 's perspective. In this paper,an evaluation method that combines the actual building energy consumption and users' satisfaction has been discussed,based on the post occupancy evaluation( POE) theory and the Big data technology. Through the comparison and analysis of building objective operational metrics and users subjective feelings indicators,the green buildings' POE has been achieved. Finally,the study analyzes the assessed value of green building's POE from the three-time dimensions,short-term,medium-term and long-term. And the outlook of the direction is looking forward to the follow-up study.

Evaluation indices of sour flavor for apple fruit and grading standards

In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including： malic acid（Mal）, oxalic acid（Oxa）, citric acid（Cit）, lactic acid（Lac）, succinic acid（Suc）, fumaric acid（Fum）, total organic acids（To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested）, titratable acid（TiA）, acidity value（AcV）, and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied（85.8%）, the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal〉Oxa〉Cit〉Lac〉Suc〉Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices（ToA and AcV） as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices： Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.

Research on Evaluation System of Green Residential Buildings in Cold Areas of Sichuan

With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact. However, the current evaluation systems for various types of green buildings are often unable to achieve a set of standards in practice due to the distinct regional characteristics of each region. Therefore, in view of the regional characteristics of the climate, terrain, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, it is important to study the evaluation system of green residential buildings suitable for the cold regions of Sichuan. This article focuses on the regional characteristics of climate, topography, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, and discusses the limitations of the current standards on the practice of green building in cold regions of Sichuan through a sociological questionnaire survey on the comfort of living in the local population. Then from the two dimensions of the advantages of traditional houses and the particularity of national culture, the strategies for the optimization and improvement of the evaluation index system for green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan were proposed. After comprehensively considering the factors that affect the green residential buildings, including the regional characteristics of the cold regions of Sichuan, and the green performance of buildings, local characteristics and ethnic features were included in the evaluation system. The evaluation index system of green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan, consists of 92 three-level indicators. A professional hierarchical analysis software yaahp was used to establish a multi-level hierarchical model between the indicators, and the indicators were compared with each other layer by layer to clarify the importance of the indicators. Based on this, a judgment matrix for each layer was constructed and obtained. The weight of each indicator is accurate, and the scoring mechanism and grading standards are constructed according to it. Through the calculation, the consistency test of the entire model was passed, thereby confirming the scientificity and rationality of the entire evaluation system.

Evaluation Model of Carrying Capacity of Water Resources Based on Standardized Indices of Radial Basis Function

[Objective] The aim was to study on RBF model about evaluation on carrying capacity of water resources based on standardized indices. [Method] The indices were transformed and the averages of standard values in different levels were taken as the standardized values of components of central vectors for basic functions of RBF hidden nodes. Hence, the basic functions are suitable for most indices, simplifying expression and calculation of basic functions. [Result] RBF models concluded through Monkey-king Genetic Algorithm with weights optimization are used in evaluation on water carrying capacity in three districts in Changwu County in Shaanxi Province, which were in consistent with that through fuzzy evaluation. [Conclusion] RBF, simple and practical, is universal and popular.

Research on the Evaluation System of National Standards

This paper presents an evaluation system of national standard levels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goal of quantitative evaluation of national standards was achieved by experts provided a reasonable basis to evaluate the national standard lecel.It will also play an important role in regulating standards and improving the national standards level.

An integrated framework for automatic green building evaluation:A case study of China

With the burgeoning emphasis on sustainable construction practices in China,the demand for green building assessment has significantly escalated.The overall evaluation process comprises two key components:The acquisition of evaluation data and the evaluation of green scores,both of which entail considerable time and effort.Previous research predominantly concentrated on automating the latter process,often neglecting the exploration of automating the former in accordance with the Chinese green building assessment system.Furthermore,there is a pressing requirement for more streamlined management of structured standard knowledge to facilitate broader dissemination.In response to these challenges,this paper presents a conceptual framework that integrates building information modeling,ontology,and web map services to augment the efficiency of the overall evaluation process and the management of standard knowledge.More specifically,in accordance with the Assessment Standard for Green Building(GB/T 50378-2019)in China,this study innovatively employs visual programming software,Dynamo in Autodesk Revit,and the application programming interface of web map services to expedite the acquisition of essential architectural data and geographic information for green building assessment.Subsequently,ontology technology is harnessed to visualize the management of standard knowledge related to green building assessment and to enable the derivation of green scores through logical reasoning.Ultimately,a residential building is employed as a case study to validate the theoretical and technical feasibility of the developed automated evaluation conceptual framework for green buildings.The research findings hold valuable utility in providing a self-assessment method for applicants in the field.

“生命建筑挑战”评价标准及其实践应用——以Center for Sustainable Landscapes为例

人们对可持续发展的日益重视使绿色建筑认证成为关注焦点。当今“双碳”目标对建筑的可持续性提出了更高的要求,建筑评价体系也应与时俱进,适应时代发展的要求。“生命建筑挑战”评价标准综合了目前环境研究领域的核心问题,意在推动绿色建筑评价体系向前发展,是当前最为严格的认证体系,以减少环境影响、实现生态修复为目的,以再生性设计原则为指导,并利用当前最先进的可持续技术和策略为实现手段。通过对“生命建筑挑战”评价标准的评价对象、评价内容、认证流程和认证等级进行总结,分析其变化历程及特点,并结合实际认证项目对其实际应用进行分析,为我国绿色建筑评价发展提供启示与借鉴。

Training indicators and quantitative criteria for emergency nurse specialists

Objective： By constructing a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialist（ENS）, we can ensure smooth operations and quality training for ENS.Methods： First, the frame structure of indicators was designed on the basis of system theory and the balanced scorecard method. Meanwhile, corresponding quantitative standard indicators were compiled through literature analysis and a review of training characteristics. Next, screening indicators were collected through consultation with experts and statistical calculations. The indicators weight coefficient was calculated using the analytic hierarchy process（AHP）. Finally, indicators were validated in two groups of nurses in two different training courses.Results：（1） We created a three-level indicator system： level-Ⅰ dimensions have 4 indicators, while level-Ⅱ dimensions and level-Ⅲ dimensions have 13 and 34 indicators, respectively;（2） The coefficient of expert＇s judgment is 0.840, familiarity is 0.914 and authority is 0.877, and the three rounds of coordination coefficient are 0.456, 0.553 and 0.715, respectively;（3） There are at least 56 indicators in alternative quantitative standards; and（4） The alpha reliability value of the indicator system in the two training course had no significant difference（P 〉 0.05）. The same result was observed when examining two groups of nurses in one training course（P 〉 0.05）.Conclusions： This study established a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialists that is objective, reliable, easy to operate and representative according to scientific selection and verification. This system can therefore provide a basis for quality evaluation and targeted improvement for ENS training in addition to promoting health.

Ecosystem Health and Its Evaluation

Firstly, the connotations and influencing factors of ecosystem health are discussed, and then the assessment principle, evaluation stand- ard and evaluation method of ecosystem health and the establishment and measurement of ecosystem health indicators are studied. Through the study of its connotation and evaluation, feasible measures to effectively promote the development of ecosystem health are put forward finally.

A COMPARISON OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL SATISFACTION BETWEEN TWO GREEN BUILDINGS AND A CONVENTIONAL BUILDING IN CHINA

Green buildings can have a more significant impact on their occupant health and productivity through improving indoor environment quality.However,post-occupancy studies invariably pointed out that green buildings were not always more comfortable and productive than non-green buildings.The article presents a comparison study between three buildings in Shenzhen aiming to examine the actual performance of green buildings from occupant point of view.The two green buildings marked a higher satisfaction on the health and productivity perception.However,in-depth examinations on IEQs showed some weaknesses in the two green buildings.On the comfort and satisfaction with the indoor air and temperature,the two green buildings performed better in summer but worse in winter.One of the two green buildings had significantly more noise from different sources than the conventional building.The other green building was significantly less satisfactory on the lighting environment than the conventional building.Implications were discussed for the green building designs and operations.

Development and Application of Evaluation Index System and Model for Existing Building Green-Retrofitting

This paper establishes an evaluation index system for existing building green-retrofitting considering different building majors. The weights of indicators at different levels were determined by using decision-making analytic hierarchy process. According to fuzzy mathematics theory, indicators at different levels were taken into an evaluation factor set while three-star level, two-star level, one-star level and unqualified level were taken as the comment set to develop a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for the green retrofitting of existing buildings. Additionally, the evaluation system proposed by this paper and the national standard "Assessment standard for green building" GB/T 50378-2014 were used in the assessment of a certain office after green retrofitting as a case study. The case study indicates that the evaluation developed by this research are more applicable for green retrofitting of existing building, while the national standard "Assessment standard for green building" has limitations except for new building.

新加坡Green Mark绿色建筑评价标准最新修订分析

2015~2018年新加坡Green Mark绿色建筑评价标准体系在旧版基础上进行了全面更新,通过新旧版本对比分析可以发现其主要变化在于标准适用建筑类型增多,并对部分建筑类型的专项标准进行了整合,延续评价阶段,评价定级取消认证级,增设指标大类体现评价阶段与建筑类型特色,GreenMark标准还打破了原有框架,从"气候适应、资源综合利用、智能健康"理念出发创新性地整合了条文内容。2018年我国公布了《绿色建筑评价标准》征求意见版,标准更新在即,新加坡GreenMark标准在评价对象、评价定级、大类设置、条文整合等方面的修订思路可为我国绿色建筑评价标准更新修订提供启示。

整合设计与可持续性的路径:由主动走向被动——以新加坡Green Mark绿色建筑评价标准为例

以新加坡绿标Green Mark(GM)为例,通过对GM NRB v4.1、GM RB 2016与GM NRB 2015的比较研究,分析得出GM的发展四要点,即气候响应、生态保护、资源管理与健康幸福,聚焦于整合设计与可持续性的路径——由主动走向被动。基于GM NRB 2015的定量项细节,对新加坡国立大学大学城、滨海盛景两个典型项目评估以验证该路径,为国内《绿色校园标准》、《绿色生态城区评价标准》的制定提供一些建议。

Building and Environment

Voluntary green-rating systems exist in different forms worldwide to certify the sustainability of residential and commercial buildings and help national policies promote energy-efficient design practices.Despite the general assumption that sustainable buildings also provide high comfort and healthy conditions,existing studies on green-rated buildings led to controversial conclusions in this regard. This paper aims to report the results of a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) conducted on four Swiss green buildings certified with the Minergie label to analyse their ability in providing comfort to their occupants.The POE protocol included winter and summer environmental monitoring campaigns (long-term and instantaneous measurements) as well as extensive and point-in-time comfort surveys. From the study it was found that,although the observed environmental factors were most of the time complying with the norm prescriptions,the indoor conditions were never attaining the commonly used 80 % satisfaction threshold by the users.Temperature and air quality appeared,in particular,as the most critical factors,with satisfaction rates never greater than 50 % in three out of the four case studies. Design factors related to the personal control on the indoor environment as well as personal factors like gender,climate of origin and duration of residence in the country were also found to have an impact in the comfort rating. Professionals involved in the design and management of these buildings all agreed that feedback of this kind from building in use could help inform the design and operational process and move towards more effective green building certification systems and regulations.

跨境电商独立站评价指标体系标准研究

跨境电商独立站已成为跨境电商的重要渠道,带动跨境电商品牌出海促进跨境电商产业高质量发展。通过跨境电商独立站评价能够全面衡量跨境电商独立站发展水平,推动跨境电商独立站高质量发展。然而,跨境电商独立站评价缺乏统一的规范,急需标准进行支撑。本文对跨境电商独立站评价指标体系标准开展研究,通过梳理跨境电商独立站标准化现状,提出跨境电商独立站评价指标体系标准的核心技术内容,为跨境电商独立站建设及发展评价提供参考。

不同环境下外墙保温缺陷表征规律的数值模拟研究

以外墙保温缺失墙体为研究对象,基于数值模拟探究其在不同室内外温差和室外风速下的表征规律。选取标准中规定的缺陷区域相对面积及能耗增加比作为表征指标,同时提出温度异常区域相对面积及墙体能耗增加比作为新的表征指标,分别从墙体内、外表面对热工缺陷进行表征。通过分析缺陷墙体表面温度分布及传热量计算方法差异,探究各类型指标在不同环境下的表征结果差异产生原因。结果表明,由于现阶段标准中对缺陷区域划分及能耗增加比的简化计算,导致同一缺陷在不同环境下的表征结果出现明显波动,外表面缺陷区域相对面积和内表面缺陷区域能耗增加比波动幅度分别达到2.5%和6.6%,存在无法准确表征热工缺陷的问题。缺陷侧的温度异常区域相对面积及墙体能耗增加比在不同环境下的表征结果较为稳定,适宜作为热工缺陷的表征指标。

LEED与“生命建筑挑战”(LBC)评价体系比较研究

绿色建筑认证是绿色建筑推广与传播的重要工具,但目前绿色建筑评价体系主要聚焦于建筑本体层面的节能和环保要求。选择应用最为广泛的LEED v4评价体系和要求最为严格的LBC 4.0评价体系作为比较对象,首先分析两者不同版本在演变过程中的差异和特点,进一步分析两者在整体指标上的关联对应关系及在认证对象、指标性质、评价方法等方面的差异,然后以LBC评价体系内容作为指标对比项对比两者在指标设置意图及具体内容上的异同和产生原因,总结两者在认证侧重上的差异以及新出现的认证要素及发展趋势,给我国绿色建筑评价未来发展提供参考和借鉴。

基于灰色关联分析法的7种耐盐绿化树种综合评价

对平罗县2021年度同期种植的7种耐盐绿化树种的9个指标进行了灰色关联度分析,通过等权关联度和加权关联度排序位次,对绿化树种优劣进行综合评价。结果表明,不同绿化树种的等权关联度和加权关联度的排序基本一致,9901旱柳、馒头柳、白蜡位列前三名,综合评价较高,适合在本地区种植。垂柳关联度排序在最后,综合评价较低,适宜性相对较差。