Construction and Practice of Transformation System of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Agriculture:A Case Study of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

Accelerating the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is a key link in implementing innovation-driven development strategy and rural revitalization strategy,and improving development quality and core competitiveness.How to build a scientific and systematic transformation system of scientific and technological achievements and improve the overall management level of scientific and technological achievements transformation of agricultural scientific research institutes is one of the key tasks to measure how a scientific research institute supports industry and serves society.Taking the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences as an example,this paper explores the construction and practice of its scientific and technological achievements transformation system since the 13 th Five-Year Plan period.By arranging the current situation of resource elements for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,analyzing the progress of the construction of the scientific and technological achievements transformation system,summarizing the practical results of the scientific and technological achievements transformation system,this paper puts forward 10 strategies and measures(implementing key projects for the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements;striving to promote the transformation and application of on-duty scientific and technological achievements;accelerating the development and utilization of advantageous and characteristic resources;strengthening the use and protection of intellectual property rights;actively expanding cooperation activities between government,industry and research;increasing special financial support for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements;innovating state-owned asset management to accelerate scientific and technological development;piloting equity incentives to expand scientific and technological development channels to increase income;striving to create a relaxed environment for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,effectively create scientific and technological value,enhance the development strength of the institute,and promote high-quality industrial development)in order to provide a useful reference for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of agricultural research institutes.

Design Index and Empirical Analysis of the Evaluation Index System for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Universities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei

Promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities and colleges in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei is an important measure to enhance the level of scientific and technological development in universities, enhance the scientific and technological synergy of Beijing-Tianjiii-Hebei urban agglomeration, practice the coordinated development strategy of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and promote the construction of Xiong'an New District. Based on the scientific and technological input of colleges and universities, the development of science and technology and the output of science and technology, this paper uses Delphi and AHP to construct a Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei University Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Performance Evaluation System from the perspectives of transformation potentials, scientific research activities and achievements transformation of university scientific and technological achievements. An empirical analysis was carried out to provide reference for the government's efficient decision-making and improvement of strategies for transforming scientific and technological achievements in universities.

Risks in the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements concerning Tropical Agriculture

The transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture has the characteristics of high risk and high return. Based on the characteristics of transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture,this paper analyzes the risk factors during the transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture. In accordance with the current situation of low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture in China,this paper proposes the measures to avoid the risks in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture and enhance the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture.

Three Project of PRCO Passed Appraisal of Scientific and Technological Achievements

On Dec. 15, 2013, three projects ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Long Life Submerged Entry Nozzle lbr Oxygen- and Manganese-rich Steel＂, ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Long Life Slag Line MgO-C Bricks for VD Refining Ladle＂ and ＂ R ＆ D and Application of Al2O3-SiC Gunning Castables＂ of Puyang Refractories Group Co., Ltd. passed the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements organized by Henan Bureau of Science and Technology.

Theoretical Model on Transformation Factors of Scientific and Technological Achievements under the Belt and Road Initiative

With the continuous deepening of the Belt and Road Initiative,the countries involved are increasingly connected in the field of science and technology.Based on the transformation theory of scientific and technological(S&T)achievements,this study establishes a theoretical model of transformation factors of S&T achievements under the Belt and Road Initiative.Combined with the data analysis from questionnaire,it is found that in S&T achievements transformation process,there is a significant positive correlation between the innovation factors and the transfer factors,between the transfer factors and the diffusion factors,and between the diffusion factors and the transformation results.These conclusions provide reference for the subsequent S&T achievements transformation activities under the Belt and Road Initiative.Therefore,in the process of promoting the transformation of S&T achievements under the Belt and Road Initiative in the future,innovation factors such as information innovation,service innovation,and cooperative innovation should be fully reflected.Relevant agencies should take the transfer factors of S&T achievements as guidance;promote and apply the results of incubation through diffusion media and diffusion channels.

The role of agricultural mechanization technology in the promotion of scientific and technological achievements in agriculture

Agricultural mechanization is to the use advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and equipment in agriculture to improve agricultural production conditions, and continuously improve the production technology and economic, ecological processes of agriculture. The level of agricultural science and technology depends largely on the degree of agricultural mechanization promotion. An agricultural country level depends on the degree of modern agricultural mechanization level of the application, and the era of mechanization in agriculture can not only save a lot of labor, reduce labor intensity, but also improve labor efficiency, and enhance resistance to natural disasters. The importance of agricultural mechanization technology in the scientific and technological achievements in agriculture is visible.

Influences of Popularization of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Sports Universities from the Perspective of Healthy China

Colleges and universities are an important position for training excellent talents. The proposal of "Healthy China" strategy putsforward higher requirements for College Physical Education teaching. At the same time, the popularization of scientific andtechnological achievements in sports colleges and universities has also resulted in one. Therefore, the author studies the impact ofthe popularization of scientific and technological achievements in sports colleges and universities from the perspective of healthyChina. College physical education should be guided by the "healthy China" strategic goal, change the teaching concept, improvethe teacher's own quality, reform the curriculum and evaluation system, cultivate students' health awareness and exercise habits,and then improve the overall quality of students' sports. It can promote the further development of the popularization of scientificand technological achievements in universities.

Two Projects of Sinosteel LIRR Passed Appraisal of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Henan Province

On Dec.30, 2013, projects ＂R ＆ D and Application of Long Life MoSi2 Heating Unit in Corroded Atmosphere＂ and ＂ R ＆ D and Applicalion of New Sell-bonded SiC Materials for Aluminum Electrolysis Cell＂ of Sinosteel LIRR passed the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements organized by Henan Bureau of Science and Technology.

An empowerment evaluation framework for national scientific and technical information governance

‘Empowerment’is the result of pursuing special capabilities under a specific value orientation.The changes in related object capabilities triggered by scientific and technical information activities in the new environment are important to the national scientific and technical(S&T)information governance.Based on the empowerment theories and evaluation practices,this study attempts to construct an empowerment evaluation framework for national S&T information governance and takes the participatory technology assessment and Altmetrics methods as examples to demonstrate its advantages:1)The capability changes and development potential are regarded as important basis for evaluation;2)The multi-person participation and multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method is conducive to the democratic and objective nature of science and technology information governance policy formulation.

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation： A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Purpose： First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature （scientific non-patent references, SNPRs）. Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach： In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings： We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%-4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a ＂second order SNPR approach＂ enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations： The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications： The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers （TRPs）. In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value： The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technologyrelevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

Consider Science, Technology, Environment and Human Rights as a Whole to Achieve Scientific Development

The 18th National Congress of CPC, which concluded not long ago, put forward the ambitious goal ofcompletely building up a better-off society by 2020. Since the reform and opening of 1978, especially in the past decade, the human rights construction of China has made enormous achievements. The complete building up of a better-off society requires taking comprehensive consideration of many aspects, such as the economy, politics, culture,

人工智能聊天机器人对科研成果与人才评价的影响研究——基于ChatGPT、Microsoft Bing视角分析

美国开放人工智能研究中心(OpenAI)研发的人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT,基于“生成预训练转换器”(GPT)语言模型能够理解和响应自然语言输入,于2022年11月30日正式发布,短时间内在全球互联网界、学术界及产业界引发热议和关注。以ChatGPT、Microsoft Bing为代表的人工智能聊天机器人基于超大海量数据,采用“从人类反馈中强化学习”(RLHF)进行训练,主要具有三大功能:智能交互对话、智能文本生成、智能文献爬取。人工智能聊天机器人的核心竞争力是采用人工智能生成内容技术(AIGC)而具有强大的内容生成或文本生成能力,除能够生成一般应用性文稿外,还能够从事科学写作,从而引领和推动知识生产方式和学术研究范式变革,知识生产和学术研究进程将显著提速,知识生产者将从非创造性劳动中获得解放,知识生产方式将由“手动式”“半自动式”迈向“自动化”“智能化”。这种变革对传统的科研成果评价机制将产生重大影响,更进一步将对通过科研成果进行人才评价产生重大影响。大体上说,以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能聊天机器人应用于学术研究中,将遮蔽成果演化学术史,影响科研成果创新性评价;挑战知识产权保护制度,影响科研成果权属认定;带来学术伦理风险,影响科研成果评价生态;冲击人才评价基本标准,影响人才评价客观性。鉴于人工智能的渗透性、扩散性和颠覆性,首先要在思想认识上积极面对而不是消极应对,用其所长、避其所短,审慎使用,着力发挥其促进知识生产、推动学术进步的积极作用;其次,要抓住现行相关法规制度与快速进步的人工智能技术之间发展不平衡的矛盾,进一步完善制度、设置“护栏”,规范使用;第三,要推动技术开源,公开其智能生成逻辑,增强人工智能聊天机器人的技术可信度;第四,要建立人机协作机制,既发挥技术的数据处理优势,又发挥人的理性思维优势,最终由人把关知识生产、科研成果及人才评价。

研究型医院科技成果转化成效分析——以广东省某高校附属医院为例

目的探讨医学科技成果转化的有效途径,促进研究型医院建设。方法对广东省某高校附属医院近6年(2018—2023年)科技成果转化成果进行统计,分析讨论医院在成果转化过程中的困境、采取的措施以及目前取得的成效。结果该院获专利授权总量、授权科室数量逐年增长,转化率由2019年0转化上升至2023年6.69%,目前已完成转化项目46项,转化金额超3000万元,医学科技成果转化成效显著。结论医院高度重视并整体部署管理,建立健全管理架构,完善激励及支持制度,定期开展专题宣讲、培训和指导等方面开展系列工作,引导科研人员从临床问题出发并最终服务临床诊疗,有助于营造良好转化环境,提升转化率,从而促进科技成果转化,促进研究型医院发展。

基于专利成果文献分析我国天麻研究现状

目的分析1987-2023年我国天麻相关专利、科技成果及文献,探究天麻产业发展现状及研究热点。方法检索IncoPat、国家知识产权局专利检索系统、中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、国家科技成果转化项目库和信息服务平台等多个数据库,运用统计学方法对1987-2023年我国天麻专利申请趋势、地域、机构、领域及科技成果登记时间、机构、成果分类等进行整理分析。并对近年发表的300篇天麻相关文献进行关键词聚类可视化分析。结果共收集到申请专利2558件,其中发明专利1722件(已授权446件),实用新型466件,外观设计370件。以辅助改善睡眠、维持血压平衡等功效的专利数量多,且贵州和云南两省专利申请及授权量较高。天麻科技成果共214项,主要集中于医药健康和栽培技术领域。天麻研究热点多见于天麻素药理作用和保健功能及天麻多糖的提取分离等领域。结论我国贵州和云南天麻产业化发展比较成熟,保健食品及活性成分药理作用为当前研究热点,天麻在化妆品市场尚有广阔前景。

基于SWOT-CLPV模型的公立医院科技成果转化发展路径研究

厘清公立医院科技成果转化难点,探讨其发展路径。以安徽医科大学第二附属医院为例,运用SWOT-CLPV模型分析科技成果转化的内部优势与劣势及外部机会与威胁,通过矩阵分析评估杠杆效应、抑制性、脆弱性、问题性。分析显示,内部优势“医院对成果转化的需求”与外部机会产生的杠杆效应为4L;内部劣势在“政策支持逐步完善”方面抑制性为4C;内部优势“医院对成果转化的需求”面临外部威胁时的脆弱性为4V;内部劣势“专业人才缺乏”与外部威胁交互的问题性为4P。通过探索实施多项举措,安徽医科大学第二附属医院科技成果转化实效得到提升,推动公立医院高质量发展。

江苏省培育新质生产力对策研究

通过解读新质生产力的内涵要义,阐释发展新质生产力的基本逻辑,提出发展新质生产力的实践路径,分析江苏省培育新质生产力的对策。归纳提出江苏省培育新质生产力,可以在以下几个方面发力:强化基础研究系统部署,塑造世界一流科研平台;创新人才引培和激励机制,打造世界一流人才队伍;加大科技成果转化力度,构建科技研发、转化的全周期要素支撑体系。

高校科技成果转化的困境与对策研究——以苏州3所高校专利转化运用情况为例

高校科技成果转化在推动地方经济社会发展中扮演着重要角色,国家近年出台了一系列激励高校进行科技成果转化运用的政策,但高校的科技成果转化运用仍存在诸多问题制约其发展。文章以苏州市3所不同类型高校的专利转化运用情况为样本,深入分析地方高校专利转化现状与共性问题,从高校管理体系、权属收益分配、转化平台建设等角度提出了解决对策,为破解高校科技成果转化困境提供可借鉴、可复制、可推广的实施策略。

高校有组织推进产学研深度融合的实践探索——以北京工业大学大兴氢能产学研基地建设为例

高校作为基础研究主力军和重大科技突破策源地,对加快建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国发挥着关键作用。本文以北京工业大学大兴氢能产学研基地为例,针对有组织推进产学研深度融合实践路径进行分析,提出建立校地企紧密合作的“硬关系”、提升高校参与共建共享的“硬实力”、搭建科技成果展示交流的“硬平台”、推进科技创新与成果转化“硬项目”、构筑党建助推事业发展的“硬保障”举措,以期对我国教育、科技、人才“三位一体”融合发展,有组织推进企业主导的产学研深度融合提供实践思路。

供求视域下农业科技成果转化模式探究——以海南为例

科技成果转化的意义大于科技创新本身。中国农业科技成果转化效率低于社会平均水平,也落后于一般发达国家,如何优化和改进农业科技成果转化模式是当前需要思考的问题。农业科技成果转化有“科研机构自行转化”“科企合作转化”“平台统筹转化”三种主要模式。农业的固有特质给科技成果转化动力链的供给、需求、中介等维度造成不同程度的制约。为破解制约,必须实施产权激励,融入外部资源,同时政府要统筹协调推进。近年来,海南省秉持“以科技人员为本位”“以市场需求为导向”“以制度创新为抓手”三原则,在农业科技成果转化方面取得显著成效,今后应持续推进改革探索,强化企业的创新主体地位,同时加强政府的统筹协调力度。

秦创原平台赋能陕西高校科技成果转化的机制及实现路径

陕西省具有富足的科教资源,但其高校科技成果转化仍然存在高投入与低转化率的窘境。目前,秦创原平台建设正处于加速期,亟须进一步破解秦创原赋能陕西高校科技成果转化的机制及实现路径,提高陕西高校科技成果转化的效率。基于对陕西高校科技成果转化的现状分析,发现陕西高校科技人力及科技经费投入不断增加,科技成果产出稳步提升,技术交易日益活跃,平台和服务能力不断提升,制度建设和机制创新取得成效。在陕西高校科技成果转化整体形势向好的大背景下,通过调研部分高校,发现仍存在科技成果转化质量不高、转化服务能力不足以及融资能力欠缺等问题。针对陕西高校科技成果转化过程中存在的问题,基于市场经济体制对秦创原平台赋能陕西高校科技成果转化的供求机制、价格机制、风险机制以及环境优化机制进行研究,并提出了秦创原平台赋能陕西高校科技成果转化的实现路径。研究成果丰富并拓展了高校科技成果转化的理论体系,并为陕西高校科技成果转化提供了决策参考。