森林可以固碳以减缓气候变化,在全球碳循环中占有极为重要的地位。将低效杉木人工林改造为生态效益较高的碳汇林是我国林业建设的主题之一。对南亚热带杉木人工林进行皆伐改造,保留单株杉木萌芽条,并采用速生、乡土阔叶树种营造针阔混交...森林可以固碳以减缓气候变化,在全球碳循环中占有极为重要的地位。将低效杉木人工林改造为生态效益较高的碳汇林是我国林业建设的主题之一。对南亚热带杉木人工林进行皆伐改造,保留单株杉木萌芽条,并采用速生、乡土阔叶树种营造针阔混交林,分析幼龄林前期(3—7 a)与后期(9—11 a)的针阔混交林植被层、凋落物层和0—100 cm土壤层碳储量的变化。结果表明:针阔混交林生态系统前期和后期的碳储量分别为138.56和158.56 t C·hm^(-2),其中土壤层碳储量分别为127.93和118.88 t C·hm^(-2),植被层碳储量分别为9.55和37.46 t C·hm^(-2),凋落物层碳储量分别为1.07和2.23 t C·hm^(-2)。乔木层碳储量从前期的8.43 t C·hm^(-2)显著增大至后期的36.93 t C·hm^(-2),平均固碳速率为5.7 t·hm^(-2)·a^(–1)。随林龄增大,小径级(胸径<10 cm)植株个体数减少,碳储量增大,但变化不显著,而大径级(胸径≥10 cm)植株的个体数和碳储量均显著增大。从幼龄前期到后期,小径级植株的个体数比例从98%下降为71%,碳储量比例从85%下降为30%;在大径级个体中,阔叶树种的个体数比例为41%,但碳储量比例达62%,表明碳储量增大的主要原因是大径级个体的增多,其中造林树种黧蒴(Castanopsis fissa)、米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)、楝叶吴茱萸(Evodia glabrifolia)、木荷(Schima superba)和山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)的平均碳储量显著大于杉木,对提高幼龄针阔混交林的固碳能力贡献较大。展开更多
Background:Studies on optimal stand management often make simplifications or restrict the choice of treatments,Examples of simplifications are neglecting natural regeneration that appears on a plantation site,omitting...Background:Studies on optimal stand management often make simplifications or restrict the choice of treatments,Examples of simplifications are neglecting natural regeneration that appears on a plantation site,omitting advance regeneration in simulations,or restricting thinning treatments to low thinning(thinning from below).Methods:This study analyzed the imparts of simplifications on the optimization results for Fennoscandian boreal forests.Management of pine and spruce plantations was optimized by gradually reducing the number of simplifying assumptions.Results:Forced low thinning,cleaning the plantation from the natural regeneration of mixed species and ignoring advance regeneration all had a major impact on optimization results.High thinning(thinning from above) resulted in higher NPV and longer rotation length than thinning from below.It was profitable to leave a mixed stand in the tending treatment of young plantation.When advance regeneration was taken into account,it was profitable to increase the number of thinnings and postpone final felling.In the optimal management,both pine and spruce plantation was gradually converted into uneven-aged mixture of spruce and birch.Conclusions:The results suggest that,with the current management costs and timber price level,it may be profitable to switch to continuous cover management on medium growing sites of Fennoscandian boreal forests.展开更多
文摘森林可以固碳以减缓气候变化,在全球碳循环中占有极为重要的地位。将低效杉木人工林改造为生态效益较高的碳汇林是我国林业建设的主题之一。对南亚热带杉木人工林进行皆伐改造,保留单株杉木萌芽条,并采用速生、乡土阔叶树种营造针阔混交林,分析幼龄林前期(3—7 a)与后期(9—11 a)的针阔混交林植被层、凋落物层和0—100 cm土壤层碳储量的变化。结果表明:针阔混交林生态系统前期和后期的碳储量分别为138.56和158.56 t C·hm^(-2),其中土壤层碳储量分别为127.93和118.88 t C·hm^(-2),植被层碳储量分别为9.55和37.46 t C·hm^(-2),凋落物层碳储量分别为1.07和2.23 t C·hm^(-2)。乔木层碳储量从前期的8.43 t C·hm^(-2)显著增大至后期的36.93 t C·hm^(-2),平均固碳速率为5.7 t·hm^(-2)·a^(–1)。随林龄增大,小径级(胸径<10 cm)植株个体数减少,碳储量增大,但变化不显著,而大径级(胸径≥10 cm)植株的个体数和碳储量均显著增大。从幼龄前期到后期,小径级植株的个体数比例从98%下降为71%,碳储量比例从85%下降为30%;在大径级个体中,阔叶树种的个体数比例为41%,但碳储量比例达62%,表明碳储量增大的主要原因是大径级个体的增多,其中造林树种黧蒴(Castanopsis fissa)、米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)、楝叶吴茱萸(Evodia glabrifolia)、木荷(Schima superba)和山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)的平均碳储量显著大于杉木,对提高幼龄针阔混交林的固碳能力贡献较大。
文摘Background:Studies on optimal stand management often make simplifications or restrict the choice of treatments,Examples of simplifications are neglecting natural regeneration that appears on a plantation site,omitting advance regeneration in simulations,or restricting thinning treatments to low thinning(thinning from below).Methods:This study analyzed the imparts of simplifications on the optimization results for Fennoscandian boreal forests.Management of pine and spruce plantations was optimized by gradually reducing the number of simplifying assumptions.Results:Forced low thinning,cleaning the plantation from the natural regeneration of mixed species and ignoring advance regeneration all had a major impact on optimization results.High thinning(thinning from above) resulted in higher NPV and longer rotation length than thinning from below.It was profitable to leave a mixed stand in the tending treatment of young plantation.When advance regeneration was taken into account,it was profitable to increase the number of thinnings and postpone final felling.In the optimal management,both pine and spruce plantation was gradually converted into uneven-aged mixture of spruce and birch.Conclusions:The results suggest that,with the current management costs and timber price level,it may be profitable to switch to continuous cover management on medium growing sites of Fennoscandian boreal forests.