G-WADI PERSIANN-CCS GeoServer for extreme precipitation event monitoring

The Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing at the University of California, Irvine （CHRS） has been collaborating with UNESCO＇s International Hydrological Program （IHP） to build a facility for forecasting and mitigating hydrological disasters. This collaboration has resulted in the development of the Water and Development Information for Arid Lands-- a Global Network （G-WADI） PERSIANN-CCS GeoServer, a near real-time global precipitation visualization and data service. This GeoServer pro- vides to end-users the tools and precipitation data needed to support operational decision making, research and sound water man- agement. This manuscript introduces and demonstrates the practicality of the G-WADI PERSIANN-CCS GeoServer for monitor- ing extreme precipitation events even over regions where ground measurements are sparse. Two extreme events are analyzed. The first event shows an extreme precipitation event causing widespread flooding in Beijing, China and surrotmding districts on July 21, 2012. The second event shows tropical storm Nock-Ten that occurred in late July of 2011 causing widespread flooding in Thailand. Evaluation of PERSIANN-CCS precipitation over Thailand using a rain gauge network is also conducted and discussed.

Assessment of the Application of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM Satellite Precipitation Products for Extreme Dry and Wet Events Monitoring in Togo (2001-2019)

Togo’s economy is heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture. Therefore, anomalies in precipitation can have a significant impact on crop yields, affecting food production and security. Thus, monitoring anomalous climate conditions in Togo through the combination of precipitation satellite-based data and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) help anticipate the development of drought scenarios or excessive rainfall, allowing farmers to adjust their strategies and minimize losses. Continuous and adequate spatial monitoring of these climate anomalies provided by satellite-based products can be central to an effective early warning system (EWS) implementation in Togo. Precipitation satellite-based products have been presented invaluable tools for assessing droughts and , offering timely and comprehensive data that supports a wide range of applications. In this study, we applied the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) rainfall product, a unified satellite global precipitation product developed by NASA, to identify and characterize the severity of dry and wet climate events in Togo during the period from 2001 to 2019. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), as the main index recommended by the World Meteorological Organization to monitor drought wide world, was selected as the reference index to monitor dry and wet climate events across Togo regions. The results show two distinct major climate periods in Togo in the timeframe analyzed (2001-2019), one dominated by wet events from 2008 to 2010, and a second marked by severe and extreme dry events from 2013 to 2015;MERG rainfall and SPI combination were able to capture these events consistently.

Efficient multi-event monitoring using built-in search engines

Users of the internet often wish to follow certain news events, and the interests of these users often overlap. General search engines （GSEs） cannot be used to achieve this task due to incomplete coverage and lack of freshness. Instead, a broker is used to regularly query the built-in search engines （BSEs） of news and social media sites. Each user defines an event profile consisting of a set of query rules called event rules （ERs）. To ensure that queries match the semantics of BSEs, ERs are transformed into a disjunctive normal form, and separated into conjunctive clauses （atomic event rules, AERs）. It is slow to process all AERs on BSEs, and can violate query submission rate limits. Accordingly, the set of AERs is reduced to eliminate AERs that are duplicates, or logically contained by other AERs. Five types of event are selected for experimental comparison and analysis, including natural disasters, accident disasters, public health events, social security events, and negative events of public servants. Using 12 BSEs, 85 ERs for five types of events are defined by five users. Experimental comparison is conducted on three aspects： event rule reduction ratio, number of collected events, and that of related events. Experimental results in this paper show that event rule reduction effectively enhances the efficiency of crawling.

Study on Technologies for Information Monitoring and Quick Response of Agricultural Focuses and Significant Events

This article analyzed the importance of information monitoring and quick response on agricultural focuses and significant events, proposed the workflow and technical framework for information monitoring and quick response based on modern information technologies, and explained key technologies during implementation and the functional structure for prototype system of the technical support platform.

X-Band Mini Radar for Observing and Monitoring Rainfall Events

Quantitative precipitation estimation and rainfall monitoring based on meteorological data, potentially provides continuous, high-resolution and large-coverage data, are of high practical use: Think of hydrogeological risk management, hydroelectric power, road and tourism. Both conventional long-range radars and rain-gauges suffer from measurement errors and difficulties in precipitation estimation. For efficient monitoring operation of localized rain events of limited extension and of small basins of interest, an unrealistic extremely dense rain gauge network should be needed. Alternatively C-band or S-band meteorological long range radars are able to monitor rain fields over wide areas, however with not enough space and time resolution, and with high purchase and maintenance costs. Short-range X-band radars for rain monitoring can be a valid compromise solution between the two more common rain measurement and observation instruments. Lots of scientific efforts have already focused on radar-gauge adjustment and quantitative precipitation estimation in order to improve the radar measurement techniques. After some considerations about long range radars and gauge network, this paper presents instead some examples of how X-band mini radars can be very useful for the observation of rainfall events and how they can integrate and supplement long range radars and rain gauge networks. Three case studies are presented: A very localized and intense event, a rainfall event with high temporal and spatial variability and the employ of X-band mini radar in a mountainous region with narrow valleys. The adaptability of such radar devoted to monitor rain is demonstrated.

Event management architecture for the monitoring and diagnosis of a fleet of trains: a case study

In recent years, more and more manufacturers and operators of fleets of mobile systems have been focusing their efforts on studying and developing condi-tional maintenance, monitoring, and diagnostic strategies to cope with an increasingly competitive, unstable, costly, and unpredictable environment. This paper proposes a case study concerning the application of a novel event management architecture, called EMH^2, to a fleet of trains. This EMH^2 architecture, which applies the holonic paradigm, aims to facilitate the monitoring and diagnosis of a fleet of mobile systems. It is based on a recursive decomposition of cooperative monitoring holons. The definition of a generic event modeling, called SurfEvent, is the second key element of the contribution. EMH^2 has been designed to be applicable to any kind of system or equipment up to fleet level. The edge computing paradigm has been adopted for implementation purpose. The EMH^2 architecture is designed to facilitate asynchronous and progressive onboard and off-board deployments. A real-world application of EMH^2 to a fleet of ten trains cur-rently in use, in collaboration with our industrial partner, Bombardier Transport, is presented. Three key perfor-mances indicators have been estimated by comparing EMH^2 with the current industrial situation. These indi-cators are (1) the number of fleet maintenance visits,(2) the time needed by a maintenance operator to investigate and diagnose, and (3) the time needed by the system to update data regarding the health status and monitoring of trains. Results obtained outperformed industrial expecta-tions. The paper finally discusses feedbacks from experi-ence and limitations of the work.

Real Time Monitoring of Extreme Rainfall Events with Simple X-Band Mini Weather Radar

Real time rainfall events monitoring is very important for a large number of reasons: Civil Protection, hydrogeological risk management, hydroelectric power purposes, road and traffic regulation, and tourism. Efficient monitoring operations need continuous, high-resolution and large-coverage data. To monitor and observe extreme rainfall events, often much localized over small basins of interest, and that could frequently causing flash floods, an unrealistic extremely dense rain gauge network should be needed. On the other hand, common large C-band or S-band long range radars do not provide the necessary spatial and temporal resolution. Simple short-range X-band mini weather radar can be a valid compromise solution. The present work shows how a single polarization, non-Doppler and non-coherent, simple and low cost X-band radar allowed monitoring three very intense rainfall events occurred near Turin during July 2014. The events, which caused damages and floods, are detected and monitored in real time with a sample rate of 1 minute and a radial spatial resolution of 60 m, thus allowing to describe the intensity of the precipitation on each small portion of territory. This information could be very useful if used by authorities in charge of Civil Protection in order to avoid inconvenience to people and to monitor dangerous situations.

Debris Flow Monitoring System and Observed Event in Taiwan:A Case Study at Aiyuzi River

Since 2002, the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, which is responsible for the conservation and administrative management of hillside in Taiwan, has been cooperating with Feng Chia University. Together, they have successfully carried out the establishment and maintenance of 13 fixed debris flow monitoring stations over the island and 2 mobile debris flow monitoring stations. During July 2004, a powerful southwest air current brought by Mindulle Typhoon caused serious flood in central and southern Taiwan. This paper aims to describe the establishment of debris flow monitoring systems in Taiwan and the observation of the debris flow event during Mindulle Typhoon at Aiyuzi River in Shenmu Village, Nantou County by the monitoring station.

基于美欧医疗器械上市后法规要求对我国建立医疗器械警戒制度的思考

本文旨在深入探讨美国和欧盟的医疗器械上市后监管制度,包括风险监管理念、监管法规体系、上市后临床研究、质量管理体系等,总结出开发风险监测工具、落实风险管理、采用合并报告模式、公开风险信息等经验,为我国医疗器械行业有序发展提供参考。我国可以借鉴美欧医疗器械上市后的监管实践,从提高监管机构能力、建设监测哨点和强化法规框架等方面,建立和试点医疗器械警戒制度。

面向突发性水污染事件的多传感器动态组网立体监测

针对突发性水污染事件应急监测和智能模拟分析需求,研究了多传感器立体协同监测模型,建立了突发性水污染事件的时间、空间属性和传感器观测性能之间的相关关系,实现了卫星、无人机、地面、水上平台的动态、协同组网。在丹江口库区开展了突发性水污染事件动态组网立体监测实验分析,根据水污染事件发生时、动态演变过程中和事件后期3个阶段的不同观测需求,基于多传感器立体协同监测模型,深入开展了多传感器协同优化求解,确定了相应的观测平台及传感器。实验结果表明,协同、高效的“天空地一体化”立体感知网能够全面、精准、快速获取水污染事件监测信息,可以科学支撑突发性水污染事件的应急处置。

某大型综合医院2021—2023年医疗器械不良事件监测及报告分析

目的通过分析某大型综合医院2021—2023年医疗器械不良事件(Medical Device Adverse Event,MDAE)监测情况,为医疗机构在医疗器械安全使用和不良事件监测工作中提供参考和借鉴。方法采用回顾性分析方法,统计分析该院1082例MDAE报告的报告年份、报告天数、审核结果和涉及的医疗器械名称、产地、管理类别、产品类别、产品分类等情况。结果该院近3年上报的MDAE总数和通过率逐年递增,平均报告天数呈下降趋势(P<0.001)。990例有效报告中,国产、Ⅱ类、无源医疗器械的不良事件例数高于进口、Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类、有源和体外诊断试剂(P<0.001);14-注输、护理和防护器械类的不良事件报告最多(P<0.05),以一次性器械断裂、变形或污染和输液泵、注射泵故障为主要不良表现;03-神经和心血管手术器械造成的严重伤害例数最多(P<0.001),主要为导丝和球囊的断裂、变形导致术中植入失败。结论开展采购、入库到临床使用的全流程追溯,将MDAE监测上报纳入科室目标考核,可加强临床科室和医疗器械管理人员联动,提升医疗机构MDAE监测效能。

2018-2022年玉溪市食源性疾病监测分析

目的了解玉溪市食源性疾病的发病情况,为制定针对性防控措施做好数据和理论支持。方法本文收集2018年1月-2022年12月玉溪市食源性疾病监测数据,以SPSS25.0进行统计学分析,按食源性疾病的时间、空间、人群、可疑食品分布等描述玉溪市食源性疾病特征。结果2018年1月-2022年12月玉溪市监测到食源性疾病暴发事件782起,发病人数3412人,有明显的季节性,可疑食品主要为野生菌及其制品,食品来源场所主要为家庭,易发人群集中于20~59岁,主要为农民。结论玉溪市食源性疾病存在明显季节性、来源场所集中、人群发病差异、物种明确程度低的特点,应加强时间节点、场所、易发人群和高危食品的监督管理。

基于径流事件的农业面源监测采样间隔分析

选择丹江口库区的五龙池小流域为对象,以典型降雨径流事件的水质水量加密监测数据作为径流过程真实值,通过不同时间间隔和水量间隔模拟采样,分析污染负荷通量估算误差,并确定有效采样间隔.结果显示,五龙池小流域降雨径流事件具有明显的峰值特征(初始流量55m^(3)/h,峰值流量977.3m^(3)/h),TP浓度与径流高度同步(初始浓度为0.05mg/L,峰值浓度为0.25mg/L),TN随径流达到峰值后下降不明显(初始浓度为2mg/L,峰值浓度为8mg/L).模拟采样表明,时间间隔5,10,15,20,30,60,120,240,480,720min,采样点数量从1957个减少到14个;水量间隔16,32,64,128,256,384,576,800,1600,3200m^(3),采样点数量从2893个减少到14个;水量间隔采样对径流峰值的捕捉能力明显高于时间间隔采样.负荷估算误差显示,TP误差波动大于TN;以±5%作为允许的误差范围,降雨径流事件采样监测的有效时间间隔为120min,有效水量间隔为1600m^(3).

优化后的触发器在心血管疾病患者不良事件监测中的适用性分析

目的 验证优化后触发器对心血管疾病患者药品不良事件(ADE)监测的适用性。方法 采用德尔菲法征集专家的意见优化触发器,根据纳入/排除标准对2022年某三级甲等医院心血管内科出院患者进行病历审查,评价触发器在提高ADE检出率的优势。结果 240份病历中,经触发器检出阳性条目及例次分别为206条、169例患者,判定为ADE条目及例次分别为107条、74例患者,总体触发器阳性预测值为51.94%(107/206)。ADE严重程度分级最多的是E级损伤,占89.19%;共累及9个系统-器官,受损伤系统最多的是胃肠系统损伤,共55例次;代谢和营养障碍次之,共18例次。主动监测检出率为30.83%(74/240),该医疗机构同期自主上报率为0.28%(6/2166),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 相比于自发上报系统,优化后的心血管药物触发器设计合理,可提高ADE的检出率。

机场噪声监测中的背景噪声影响及其监测方法研究

基于典型飞机噪声事件监测数据,采用声级叠加方法分析背景噪声对飞机噪声暴露声级LAE的影响。结果显示,为了保证测量数据的有效性,开展机场噪声监测时,背景噪声应低于单次飞机噪声事件最大声级15 dB以上。通过比选等效声级L_(eq)和累积百分声级L_(10)、L_(50)、L_(90)、L_(95)等常用噪声监测指标,证明采用与单次飞机噪声事件同期的5~10 min累积百分声级L_(50)作为背景噪声具有较好的代表性,并基于此提出了机场噪声监测中的背景噪声测量及处理方法。此方法科学、高效,适用于通过噪声监测设备自动获取背景噪声,对完善机场噪声监测方法具有较好的借鉴意义。

径流与涌潮对钱塘江尖山潮滩演变的影响分析

潮滩湿地具有生态系统服务、海岸防护等重要功能,认识其在涌潮与径流作用下的潮滩演变特征,对保护钱塘江涌潮区域湿地至关重要。基于钱塘江尖山潮滩151张地形及径流、水位、泥沙和遥感数据,探究潮滩演变特征与驱动机制。结果表明:(1)尖山潮滩呈动态平衡,在观测区,枯季淤积速率为0.01 m/d,坡度降至1‰后稳定;洪季崩岸速率达3 m/d,崩退宽度达113 m,但洪季后以0.05 m/d的速率恢复。(2)洪季潮滩处的涌潮略强于枯季,洪水促进河势分汊,而涌潮主要通过南汊输沙,减少了北汊潮滩处泥沙输送。(3)钱塘江流量是控制潮滩年内季节性冲淤变化的关键因素,潮滩变化速率与流量、初始高程及潮差呈多元线性关系。(4)洪水改变河势,潮滩泥沙供应减少,含径流的退潮流冲刷增强使其崩岸退缩,但当水流冲刷减小、涌潮与涨潮流输沙占优时,潮滩迅速淤积。

江苏省医疗器械生产企业不良事件监测的问题及对策

医疗器械不良事件监测是实施上市后监管、确保公众用械安全的重要手段,是医疗器械安全监管的重要组成部分。2018年国家市场监督管理总局和国家卫生健康委员会发布了《医疗器械不良事件监测和再评价管理办法》,要求建立国家医疗器械不良事件监测信息系统,助推医疗器械不良事件监测工作的法制化、规范化、信息化建设发展。近年来,医疗器械生产企业和监管部门及机构积极响应法律法规有关要求,逐步重视并优化不良事件监测工作,着力控制医疗器械风险。该研究选取50家江苏省内医疗器械生产企业开展现场检查,并对这50家企业的不良事件报告进行收集分析,聚焦医疗器械不良事件监测存在的问题,据此提出相应的对策,以期保障公众用械安全。

医疗器械定期风险评价报告的问题分析及对策

医疗器械定期风险评价报告(PRER)对产品上市后的安全性研究具有重要意义。该研究通过梳理、汇总国家医疗器械不良事件监测信息系统内山东省注册人提交的PRER,结合基层调研和工作开展的实际情况归纳PRER存在的问题,探讨加强医疗器械定期风险评价工作的创新举措,确保企业主体责任落实到位。

由石油类应急监测现状探寻水中石油类监测的突破

突发环境事件发生后,对污染物质、污染物浓度、污染范围及其动态变化情况进行监测是环境应急监测的基本工作要求。在不能利用管理手段有效获取污染来源等信息的情况下,开展溯源应急监测成为突发环境事件处理处置的重要需求。然而通过资料调研及应急监测案例分析发现,石油类水体突发环境事件应急监测大多存在采样代表性不够、溯源手段不健全、特征污染物监测不全面,以及现行石油类监测方法不能完整说清污染状况等问题或不足。因此,建议通过优化整合水中石油类指标监测标准,构建与石油类污染特征相适应的技术规范及配套监测分析方法,以达到精准、全面反映石油类水体污染状况的目的。

美国医疗器械不良事件监测体系及MAUDE数据库在医疗器械注册申报中的应用

该研究从监管机构组成及监管法令、不良事件报告形式及时限要求、不良事件数据库、不良事件报告分析评价以及不良事件反馈及控制方面对美国医疗器械不良事件监测体系进行介绍,同时对MAUDE数据库在医疗器械注册申报资料中的风险分析、物理和机械性能研究以及临床评价中的应用进行实例说明。以期建立以风险识别、风险控制为核心,贯穿医疗器械全生命周期的科学审评体系,实现对医疗器械风险精准控制。