RFID Complex Event Processing: Applications in Real-Time Locating System

Complex event processing (CEP) can extract meaningful events for real-time locating system (RTLS) applications. To identify complex event accurately in RTLS, we propose a new RFID complex event processing method GEEP, which is based on the timed automata (TA) theory. By devising RFID locating application into complex events, we model the timing diagram of RFID data streams based on the TA. We optimize the constraint of the event streams and propose a novel method to derive the constraint between objects, as well as the constraint between object and location. Experiments prove the proposed method reduces the cost of RFID complex event processing, and improves the efficiency of the RTLS.

Optimization Techniques for RFID Complex Event Processing

One research crucial to wider adoption of Radio Frequency Identification （RFID） technology is how to efficiently transform sequences of RFID readings into meaningful business events. Contrary to traditional events, RFID readings are usually of high volume and velocity, and have the attributes representing their reading objects, occurrence times and spots. Based on these characteristics and the Non-deterministic Finite Automata （NFA） implementation framework, this paper studies the performance issues of RFID complex event processing and proposes corresponding optimization techniques. Our techniques include： （1） taking advantage of negation events or exclusiveness between events to prune intermediate results, thus reduces memory consumption; （2） with different selectivities of complex events, purposefully reordering the join operations between events to improve overall efficiency, achieve higher stream throughput; （3） utilizing the slot-based or B＋-tree-based approach to optimizing the processing performance with the time window constraint. We present the analytical results of these techniques and validate their effectiveness through experiments.

Aggressive Complex Event Processing with Confidence over Out-of-Order Streams

In recent years, there has been a growing need for complex event processing （CEP）, ranging from supply chain management to security monitoring. In many scenarios events are generated in different sources but arrive at the central server out of order, due to the differences of network latencies. Most state-of-the-art techniques process out-of-order events by buffering the events until the total event order within a specified range can be guaranteed. Their main problems are leading to increasing response time and reducing system throughput. This paper aims to build a high performance out-of- order event processing mechanism, which can match events as soon as they arrive instead of buffering them till all arrive. A suffix-automaton-based event matching algorithm is proposed to speed up query processing, and a confidence-based accuracy evaluation is proposed to control the query result quality. The performance of our approach is evaluated through detailed accuracy and response time analysis. As experimental results show, our approach can obviously speed up the query matching time and produce reasonable query results.

Optimization RFID-enabled Retail Store Management with Complex Event Processing

Radio frequency identification(RFID) enabled retail store management needs workflow optimization to facilitate real-time decision making. In this paper, complex event processing(CEP) based RFID-enabled retail store management is studied, particularly focusing on automated shelf replenishment decisions. We define different types of event queries to describe retailer store workflow action over the RFID data streams on multiple tagging levels(e.g., item level and container level). Non-deterministic finite automata(NFA)based evaluation models are used to detect event patterns. To manage pattern match results in the process of event detection, optimization algorithm is applied in the event model to share event detection results. A simulated RFID-enabled retail store is used to verify the effectiveness of the method, experiment results show that the algorithm is effective and could optimize retail store management workflow.

Event-driven process execution model for process virtual machine

Current orchestration and choreography process engines only serve with dedicate process languages.To solve these problems,an Event-driven Process Execution Model(EPEM) was developed.Formalization and mapping principles of the model were presented to guarantee the correctness and efficiency for process transformation.As a case study,the EPEM descriptions of Web Services Business Process Execution Language(WS-BPEL) were represented and a Process Virtual Machine(PVM)-OncePVM was implemented in compliance with the EPEM.

Three-dimensional simulation of fabrication process-dependent effects on single event effects of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor

The fabrication process dependent effects on single event effects （SEEs） are investigated in a commercial silicon- germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor （SiGe HBT） using three-dimensional （3D） TCAD simulations. The influences of device structure and doping concentration on SEEs are discussed via analysis of current transient and charge collection induced by ions strike. The results show that the SEEs representation of current transient is different from representation of the charge collection for the same process parameters. To be specific, the area of C/S junction is the key parameter that affects charge collection of SEE. Both current transient and charge collection are dependent on the doping of collector and substrate. The base doping slightly influences transient currents of base, emitter, and collector terminals. However, the SEEs of SiGe HBT are hardly affected by the doping of epitaxial base and the content of Ge.

Main Energy Paths and Energy Cascade Processes of the Two Types of Persistent Heavy Rainfall Events over the Yangtze River–Huaihe River Basin

Two types of persistent heavy rainfall events （PHREs） over the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Basin were determined in a recent statistical study： type A, whose precipitation is mainly located to the south of the Yangtze River; and type B, whose precipitation is mainly located to the north of the river. The present study investigated these two PHRE types using a newly derived set of energy equations to show the scale interaction and main energy paths contributing to the persistence of the precipitation. The main results were as follows. The available potential energy （APE） and kinetic energy （KE） associated with both PHRE types generally increased upward in the troposphere, with the energy of the type-A PHREs stronger than that of the type-B PHREs （except for in the middle troposphere）. There were two main common and universal energy paths of the two PHRE types： （1） the baroclinic energy conversion from APE to KE was the dominant energy source for the evolution of large-scale background circulations; and （2） the downscaled energy cascade processes of KE and APE were vital for sustaining the eddy flow, which directly caused the PHREs. The significant differences between the two PHRE types mainly appeared in the lower troposphere, where the baroclinic energy conversion associated with the eddy flow in type-A PHREs was from KE to APE, which reduced the intensity of the precipitation-related eddy flow; whereas, the conversion in type-B PHREs was from APE to KE, which enhanced the eddy flow.

The Sequence of Magmatic-Tectonic Events and Orogenic Processes of the Yanshan Belt, North China

This paper emphasizes that the interactive constraints of geology and isotopic dating is the best approach to construct the geological event sequence, and has compiled 106 data of reasonable isotopic ages for the igneous rocks of the Yanshan belt. We propose a sequence of mgmatic-tectonic events in the Jurassic-Cretaceous Yanshan orogen of North China. Five orogenic episodes are divided, (1) pre-and initial orogenic episode (Early Jurassic); (2) early orogenic episode (Middle Jurassic); (3) peak orogenic episode (Late Jurassic); (4) late orogenic episode (early Early Cretaceous), and (5) post-orogenic episode. Each episode is a short cycle, all of the orogenic processes construct a longer cycle, and they, in general, followed a counter-clockwise (ccw) PTt path. Finally, it is suggested that the Yanshanian movement was so intensive that the magmatism and tectonic deformation had involved all the lithosphere thickness and the late-Achaean-formed cratonic lithosphere had been significantly reworked.

Efficient Deviation Detection Between a Process Model and Event Logs

Business processes described by formal or semi-formal models are realized via information systems.Event logs generated from these systems are probably not consistent with the existing models due to insufficient design of the information system or the system upgrade.By comparing an existing process model with event logs,we can detect inconsistencies called deviations,verify and extend the business process model,and accordingly improve the business process.In this paper,some abnormal activities in business processes are formally defined based on Petri nets.An efficient approach to detect deviations between the process model and event logs is proposed.Then,business process models are revised when abnormal activities exist.A clinical process in a healthcare information system is used as a case study to illustrate our work.Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Applicability of Phase Synchronization Clustering to Detect the Process of Climate Events

Phase synchronization clustering method is used to detect the process of extreme weather events rather than extreme values events mathematically. The applicability is discussed from the aspects of noise intensity and sequence length and the observed data are applied practically. The detection process shows that clustering measure difference can detect the temporal process objectively to a certain degree and it has certain application to detect the temporal process of extreme weather events.

Mechanisms underlying syntactic and semantic processing of Chinese simple sentences Evidence from event-related brain potentials

This study sought to test the processing of three types of sentences in Chinese, as correct sentences, semantic violation sentences, and sentences containing semantic and syntactic violations, based on the following sentence pattern： ＂subject （noun） ＋ yi/gang/zheng ＋ predicate （verb）＂. Event-related potentials on the scalp were recorded using 32-channel electroencephalography. Compared with correct sentences, target words elicited an early left anterior negativity （N400） and a later positivity （P600） over frontal, central and temporal sites in sentences involving semantic violations. In addition, when sentences contained both semantic and syntactic violations, the target words elicited a greater N400 and P600 distributed in posterior brain areas. These results indicate that Chinese sentence comprehension involves covert grammar processes.

Modeling the Dynamic Drafting Process Based on Discrete-Event Simulation

The goal of this paper is to provide an approach to investigate the variation of fiber quantity in a certain cross-section of the drafting zone. This model with discrete-event simulation( DES)method was presented to simulate the dynamic drafting process. This model described the behavior of individual fibers,which was divided into four phases and simulated by corresponding modules. Three sets of processing conditions in industry were simulated and demonstrated the applications of this model. The comparison between experiments and simulation results could also validate this model. This model could be used to simulate various drafting process with appropriate drafting settings.

窟野河流域次降雨事件下水沙变化特征及其输移过程

[目的]深入分析黄土高原粗沙区流域次降雨事件尺度下水沙动态变化特征及其输移过程,为黄土高原粗沙区流域的水沙管理和调控提供重要科学依据。[方法]以黄土高原中游粗沙多沙区窟野河流域为对象,收集2006—2019年间的160场次降雨事件水沙数据。通过运用方差分析、水沙关系曲线、滞后分析等方法,比较位于窟野河及其子流域次降雨事件下产流输沙特征,构建了各流域次降雨事件尺度下水沙关系曲线,分析了水沙滞后关系及滞后指数的空间差异,以揭示次降雨尺度下窟野河流域的水沙输移过程。[结果](1)4个流域径流相关参数无显著差异,但泥沙相关参数差异显著;(2)位于窟野河上游东部的新庙流域水沙相关性强,表征外界人为干扰的参数(a)最大,位于上游西部的王道恒塔流域泥沙浓度低,水沙相关性弱,表征河流本身输沙能力的参数(b)最大;(3)新庙、王道恒塔和温家川3个流域的主要滞后模式为逆时针型,泥沙来源于上游区域,且高含沙降雨事件的滞后系数(HI)平均值多为负;而神木流域的主要滞后模式为“8”字型,指示泥沙来源相对接近流域出口,且高含沙降雨事件的HI平均值多为正。[结论]窟野河嵌套流域次降雨事件尺度下水沙变化空间差异显著,泥沙输移过程复杂,不同子流域滞后模式揭示了泥沙来源和输移机制的空间异质性。

Semantic framework of event detection in emergency situations for smart buildings

Multimedia Sensor Networks(MSNs)have enhanced the ability to analyze the environment and provide responses based on its current status.Generally,MSNs are composed of scalar and multimedia sensors that have fixed locations.However,given the advancement of smart mobile device technologies,it is currently possible to dynamically integrate mobile sensors into MSNs.In this paper,we propose a formal platform to manage MSNs and the data gathered from them to detect complex events.Our main contributions include:M^(2)SSN-Onto,a Mobile and Multimedia Semantic Sensor Networks Ontology;Py-CEMiD,an engine for detecting complex events and generate reactions to them;a mobile device location engine to locate mobile sensors;and a proof-of-concept in the context of detecting emergency situations in smart buildings.Several scenarios are validated for emergency events,combining simulated sensor measurements with real measurements of mobile devices.Results show complex events can be detected in near real time(less than 1 s).

Semantic Complex Event Detection System of Express Delivery Business with Data Support From Multidimensional Space

The express delivery induslry of China is relatively backward in the automation degree of critical business processes. The basic reason is that the business-related supporting data, which is scattered in the multidimensional space, is difficult to utilize and process. This paper proposes an automatic data acquisition fi-amework to resolve such difficulty, which synthetically utilize intelligent inemet of things （IoT）, semantic web and complext event processing （CEP） technology. We also implement a SCEP prototype system with the capability of real-time detecting complex business events on the goods sorting line, which adopts a detection method consisting of four stages. The simulation results show that the system has good performance and feasible enough to deal with the complex business which need data support fTom multidimensional space.

运用Event实现线程同步的若干问题

通过对同步对象 ,特别是事件的实现方法的描述 ,探讨同步对象的应用背景、优点和用途。根据作者的开发经验 ,对使用中要注意的若干问题进了分析 ,并给出了事件实现的核心代码。

MULTI-PERIODIC COLLISIONAL PROCESS BETWEEN INDIAN AND ASIAN CONTINENTS:A CASE OF EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS AND HENGDUAN MOUNTAINS

Our study area covered the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) and its southern extension (Hengduan Mountain or western Sichuan and Yunnan (WSY)) which is located at the orthogonal and oblique collisional front between Indian and Asian continents during Cenozoic.Based on geometric and kinematic mapping of the major boundary or regional faults (Dongjug—Mainling(1), Anigiao(2) and Jali(3), Guyu(4) faults in EHS, Ailaoshan—Red River(5), Lancangjiang(6), Gaoligong(7), Binlangjiang(8) and Magok(9) faults in WSY) (see Fig.1), especially on abundant geochronological dating of the mylonitic rocks along these faults, and coupled with magmato\|metamorphic sequences of this region, we try to deal with the temporal and spatial relationships of collisional process to answer questions such as: (1) when did collision start ? (2) is thrusting as a initial and dominant deformation mode to absorb the crustal shortening after suturing, or earlier thrusting usually followed by large\|scale strike\|slip faults? (3) are the two structural patterns coeval at times, or do they occur alternatively during deformation history? (4) are the collisional and associate uplift processes a continuous one or periodic? Insight into such questions is crucial for better understanding of the continental deformation and testing the models available or constraining a new one.

Event Normalization Through Dynamic Log Format Detection

The analytical and monitoring capabilities of central event re-positories, such as log servers and intrusion detection sys-tems, are limited by the amount of structured information ex-tracted from the events they receive. Diverse networks and ap-plications log their events in many different formats, and this makes it difficult to identify the type of logs being received by the central repository. The way events are logged by IT systems is problematic for developers of host-based intrusion-detection systems （specifically, host-based systems）, develop-ers of security-information systems, and developers of event-management systems. These problems preclude the develop-ment of more accurate, intrusive security solutions that obtain results from data included in the logs being processed. We propose a new method for dynamically normalizing events into a unified super-event that is loosely based on the Common Event Expression standard developed by Mitre Corporation. We explain how our solution can normalize seemingly unrelat-ed events into a single, unified format.

PROGNOSTICATION AND INVESTIGATION OF EL NIO EVENT PROBABILITY

Based on the El Nino event data sequence from 1854 to 1993, the nature of sequences was de-termined by using statistical normal and independent tests, etc. With the Markov random process and first order auto-regression predictive model, we set up the prognostication mode and give the time limit of the occurrence of next El Nino event, which probably occurs around 2002.The occurring probability for 2001 is 44 %, and it is 61 % for 2002.