Role of urban remnant evergreen broad-leaved forests on natural restoration of artificial forests in Chongqing metropolis

The effects of urban remnant natural evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) on the restoration of artificial pine forests surrounding it were studied with reference to species composition,biodiversity,dominant species and stand structure on Mt. Tieshanping in Chongqing metropolis,Southwest China. The seeds from the remnant EBLF naturally facilitate the restoration process of artificial Pinus massoniana forests near it. The similarity of species composition between the artificial Pinus massoniana forests and the remnant EBLF and biodiversity index of the artificial Pinus massoniana forests decrease as the distance from the remnant EBLF increases. Castanopsis carlesii var. spinusa is the dominant species in the ground vegetation,shrub layer and sub-tree layer of the Pinus massoniana forests near the remnant EBLF. However,the natural restoration processes of those farther away from the remnant EBLF are restricted for the absence of seed source of the inherent components of the remnant EBLF,and the anthropogenic measures should be taken to facilitate the restoration process.

Comparative Study of Carbon Storage and Allocation Characteristics of Mature Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest

Evergreen broad-leaved forest is an important forest type in China.This paper analyzes the allocation characteristics of vegetation and soil carbon pool of evergreen broad-leaved forest,to understand the current status of research on the carbon storage of evergreen broadleaved forest as well as shortcomings.In the context of global climate change,it is necessary to carry out the long-term research of evergreen broad-leaved forest,in order to grasp the formation mechanism of evergreen broad-leaved forest productivity,and the impact of climate change on the carbon sequestration function of evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem.

Carbon Reserve Characteristics of Arbor Layer in Mid-subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest

In this paper, secondary forest of Pinus massoniana , coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest and broad-leaved evergreen forest were taken as research objects, to explore carbon reserve of arbor layer and its spatial distribution characteristics. At different succession stages, the sequence of organic carbon content in each organ was secondary forest of P. massoniana > coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest> broad-leaved evergreen forest. Carbon reserve of arbor layer was the highest in broad-leaved evergreen forest, which was 129.34 t/hm 2, followed by coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest (95.83 t/hm 2), and the minimum was 85.27 t/hm 2 in secondary forest of P. massoniana . In each stand type, the sequence of carbon reserve of each organ in arbor layer was trunk>root>branch>leaf>bark. Carbon reserve of arbor layer mainly concentrated in trunk, and the proportion to carbon reserve of arbor layer declined from secondary forest of P. massoniana to broad-leaved evergreen forest, while it had increasing relationship in root. In secondary forest of P. massoniana , coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest and broad-leaved evergreen forest, individual with the diameter more than 20 cm accounted for the majority of carbon reserve in the arbor layer.

Biomass Characteristics of the Arbor Layer in Different Stands of the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest

In this paper, the Pinus massoniana forest in the early stage of succession, the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest in the middle stage of succession, and the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the late stage of succession were studied, and the biomass and its spatial distribution characteristics of the tree layer in different succession stages of the ecosystem were discussed. The results showed that the biomass of the arbor layer was the highest in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, which was 292.51 t/ hm2, followed by the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, which was 206.87 t/hm2, and the Pinus massoniana forest, which was 171.76 t/hm2. The biomass of trunks accounted for the largest proportion in the total biomass of the arbor layer, which reduced from the Pinus massoniana forest to the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The proportion of the biomass of roots in the total biomass of the arbor layer increased from the Pinus massoniana forest to the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The biomass of the diameter class above 20 cm in the Pinus massoniana forest, the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and the evergreen broad-leaved forest accounted for a large proportion of total biomass.

2010-2014年哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸数据集

亚热带森林是我国分布面积最大的森林类型,在调控全球气候变化和维持大气碳平衡中具有重要作用。土壤通过呼吸作用排放的碳是大气CO_(2)的主要来源,土壤碳库的细微变化也会显著影响大气CO_(2)的浓度,因此目前亚热带森林土壤碳储量的大小及动态变化特征受到广泛关注。云南哀牢山是我国重要的亚热带森林分布区。本研究依托云南哀牢山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,利用全自动多通道观测系统开展了亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸的连续测定,经过严格的数据质量控制和评估,将2010-2014年的土壤呼吸的监测数据收集与整理,包括土壤5 cm温度(Ts)、土壤10 cm含水量(SWC)和土壤呼吸(Rs),并形成日、月和年尺度三类数据集。本数据集对于揭示气候变化对亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤生态过程的影响、正确评估土壤有机碳排放和森林生态系统管理具有重要意义,也为进一步研究气候变暖等全球变化对土壤呼吸组分尤其是土壤有机碳排放的影响提供经验和理论基础。

2008-2018年天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段凋落物月和年回收量数据集

凋落物生产是森林生态系统物质循环的重要组成部分,在维持森林土壤肥力、促进生态系统养分循环中起着重要作用。凋落物生产量也是衡量森林生产力等生态系统功能和碳平衡的重要指标。本数据集采自浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站木荷林辅助观测场和栲树林综合观测场。上述两样地群落演替类型分属于常绿阔叶林演替中后期和顶级阶段。每个观测样地投影面积50 m×50 m,样地内各设27个0.5 m2凋落物框,分凋落物组分(枯枝、枯叶、花(果实)、树皮和杂物)进行收集和统计。数据集包含了两个样地2008–2018年凋落物各组分及总量的月和年回收量,已经过原始纸质记录比对、同期数据动态趋势比较等数据质量控制和评估。本数据集可以为理解常绿阔叶林演替进程中生态系统结构与功能的变化提供基础信息,也能为研究区域气候变化对森林生态系统的影响和常绿阔叶林分布区碳平衡评价提供数据支撑。

Belowground carbon balance and carbon accumulation rate in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest

The balance, accumulation rate and temporal dynamics of belowground carbon in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest are obtained in this paper, based on long-term observations to the soil organic matter, input and standing biomass of litter and coarse woody debris, and dissolved organic carbon carried in the hydrological process of subtropical climax forest ecosystem—monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, and its two successional forests of natural restoration—coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and Pinus massoniana forest, as well as data of root biomass obtained once every five years and respiration measurement of soil, litter and coarse woody debris respiration for 1 year. The major results include: the belowground carbon pools of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and Pinus massoniana forest are 23191 ± 2538 g·m?2, 16889 ± 1936 g·m?2 and 12680 ± 1854 g·m?2, respec- tively, in 2002. Mean annual carbon accumulation rates of the three forest types during the 24a from 1978 to 2002 are 383 ± 97 g·m?2·a?1, 193 ± 85 g·m?2·a?1 and 213 ± 86 g·m?2·a?1, respectively. The belowground carbon pools in the three forest types keep increasing during the observation period, suggesting that belowground carbon pools are carbon sinks to the atmosphere. There are seasonal variations, namely, they are strong carbon sources from April to June, weak carbon sources from July to September; while they are strong carbon sinks from October to November, weak carbon sinks from December to March.

Community Dynamics of Seed Rain in Mixed Evergreen Broad-leaved and Deciduous Forests in a Subtropical Mountain of Central China

Seed dispersal is a key process within community dynamics. The spatial and temporal variations of seed dispersal and the interspecific differences are crucial for understanding species coexistence and community dynamics. This might also hold for the mixed evergreen broadleaved and deciduous forests in the mountains of subtropical China, but until now little existing knowledge is available for this question. In 2001, we chose to monitor the seed rain process of our mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forest communities in Mount Dalaoling National Forest Park, Yichang, Hubei Province, China. The preliminary analyses show obvious variations in seed rain density, species compositions and timing of seed rain among four communities. The average seed rain densities of the four communities are 2.43 ± 5.15, 54.13 ±182.75, 10.05 ±19.30 and 24.91 ± 58.86 inds/m^2, respectively; about one tenth the values in other studies in subtropical forests of China. in each community, the seed production is dominated by a limited number of species, and the contributions from the others are generally minor. Fecundity of evergreen broadleaved tree species is weaker than deciduous species. The seed rain of four communities begins earlier than September, and stops before December, peaking from early September to late October. The beginning date, ending date and peak times of seed rain are extensively varied among the species, indicating different types of dispersal strategies. According to the existing data, the timing of seed rain is not determined by the climate conditions in the same period, while the density of seed rain may be affected by the disturbances of weather variations at a finer temporal resolution.

2020-2021年金佛山亚热带常绿阔叶林碳水通量观测数据集

重庆金佛山喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站于2020年12月被列入国家野外站择优建设名单,其主观测场以亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统为研究对象,基于微气象学理论的涡度相关技术开展碳水通量的长期定位观测。本数据集为金佛山亚热带常绿阔叶林2020–2021年通量观测数据,基于ChinaFLUX数据处理体系,观测数据经质量控制和评估后,经插补和拆分形成了标准化的生态系统碳水通量和关键气象要素数据集。数据指标包含生态系统净碳交换量、总初级生产力、生态系统呼吸、潜热通量、显热通量等,以及空气温/湿度、风速/风向、土壤温/湿度、降水、太阳下行短波辐射、净辐射和光合有效辐射等。本数据集可以为分析我国典型森林生态系统的碳源/汇动态、碳水耦合特征及其对全球气候变化的响应机制提供重要的基础数据。

Long-term response of living forest biomass to extensive logging in subtropical China

Forest disturbance and recovery are critical ecosystem processes,but the temporal patterns of disturbance have not been studied in subtropical China.Using a tree-ring analysis approach,we studied post-logging above-ground(ABG)biomass recovery dynamics over a 26-year period in four plots with different degrees of logging disturbance.Before logging,the ABG biomass ranged from 291 to 309 t ha-1.Soon after logging,the plots in primary forest,secondary forest,mixed forest and singlespecies forest had lost 33,91,90 and 100%of their initial ABG biomass,respectively.Twenty-six years after logging,the plots had regained 147,62,80 and 92%of their original ABG biomass,respectively.Over the 26 years following logging,the mean CAI(Current annual increment)were 10.1,5.5,6.4 and 10.8 t ha^-1 a^-1 and the average MAI(Mean annual increment)8.7,2.5,5.6 and 7.8 t ha^-1 a^-1 for the four forest types,respectively.The results indicate that subtropical forests subjected to moderate logging or disturbances do not require intensive management and single-species plantings can rapidly restore the above-ground biomass to levels prior to heavy logging.

南亚热带常绿阔叶林地上碳储量空间分布特征及其影响因素

旨在探讨南亚热带常绿阔叶林地上碳储量空间分布特征及其影响因素,为了解该区域森林的碳汇功能提供理论依据。通过对鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20 hm2固定森林样地调查数据,采用一元线性回归分析和主成分分析方法,划分优势种和非优势种,研究地上碳储量的空间分布和生物/非生物因素的影响,获取了以下结果:(1)优势种对鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林地上碳储量贡献更大(1533.85 Mg,74.72%),尤其是大径级物种(1389.68 Mg,67.69%)。优势种地上碳储量(CV=0.635)的空间分布较非优势种(CV=0.690)更加均匀。(2)物种多样性与优势种和总体地上碳储量负相关,而与非优势种正相关。(3)群落总体、优势种和非优势种的地上碳储量均与结构多样性显著正相关。然而,结构多样性对非优势种地上碳储量的影响程度高于优势种。(4)群落中的土壤营养度、凹凸度与地上碳储量正相关。综上所述,通过提升非优势种的物种多样性可以增加鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林地上碳储量。此外,改善土壤营养条件也有助于提升南亚热带森林的碳汇功能。

南亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤微生物生物量碳氮年际动态特征及其影响因子

土壤微生物是土壤有机质和养分循环的主要驱动者,研究土壤微生物生物量碳氮变化、稳态特征及其对环境因子内在的长期响应机理具有重要意义。以南亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤为对象,对土壤微生物生物量碳和氮(MBC和MBN)、土壤有机碳(SOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、可溶性碳(ROC)、速效氮(AN)、pH、土壤温度(ST)和土壤含水量(SWC)进行连续10年监测;应用方差分析、相关性和回归分析及稳态分析等探究MBC和MBN的年际变化和稳态特征及主要影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)旱季MBC和MBN含量分别在171.32—358.45和25.90—54.08 mg/kg区间波动,雨季分别在394.01—507.97和68.40—88.05 mg/kg区间波动;旱、雨季的MBC含量年际间变化显著(P<0.05),但MBN含量仅在旱季变化显著(P<0.05)。雨季MBC和MBN含量均显著高于旱季(P<0.01),且雨季的MBC和MBN含量是旱季的2倍以上。(2)旱、雨季的MBC与MBN之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。在旱季,MBC和MBN均与ROC和AN含量显著正相关(P<0.05),此外,MBN含量也与TP(P<0.05)和SOC(P<0.01)显著正相关。在雨季,仅SOC与MBN呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。(3)在旱季,MBC含量变化主要受ROC(P<0.05)和AN(P<0.001)影响,MBN则受AN控制(P<0.05)。在雨季,AN(P<0.05)主导了MBC的变化,TP(P<0.05)和SOC(P<0.05)是MBN变异的主导因子。AN(P<0.001)和SOC(P<0.001)是旱、雨季土壤MBC和MBN变化的主导因子。(4)土壤MBC和MBC/MBN稳态指数在年际间均为绝对稳态型(P>0.05);雨季的MBN(P=0.685)为绝对稳态型,但旱季为非稳态(P<0.01,H>1)。雨季微生物熵显著高于旱季(P<0.01),表明土壤有机质质量及养分利用效率更高。综上,MBC和MBN含量受季节更替显著影响,且主要受土壤SOC和AN的影响;受旱季水分限制,MBN的稳态更差。

广西十万大山山地常绿阔叶林优势种空间分布格局与关联性

【目的】山地常绿阔叶林是十万大山的主要植被类型,揭示其群落种群空间分布格局与关联性特征,有利于探讨群落物种竞争关系与维持机制。【方法】以十万大山1 hm^(2)山地常绿阔叶林样地重要值排名前6位的树种为研究对象,采用g(r)函数、方差比率法、Spearman秩相关系数分析种群空间分布格局和种内、种间相关性。【结果】以完全随机模型对样地群落优势种空间分布格局进行分析,发现优势种在1~11 m尺度上均呈聚集分布,云南桤叶树Clethra delavayi、银木荷Schima argentea、柔毛紫茎Stewartia villosa在1~25 m尺度上呈聚集分布;以异质泊松模型分析时,发现优势种在10~25 m尺度上均呈随机分布,表明优势种空间分布格局受生境异质性影响,且不同种群受影响的程度不同;样地微地形因子中海拔和坡度对优势种的格局分布影响较大;不同种群的龄级空间分布格局受个体密度影响较大,增长型种群幼龄个体聚集分布,随着龄级的增加其空间分布趋于随机分布,衰退型种群成年个体小尺度上聚集分布,幼龄个体随机分布;样地群落优势种的幼树、小树、成年树之间无种内竞争排斥关系,种内关联性均为正相关或无关联,种内关联性与尺度相关;群落优势种种间关联性总体呈正关联,种间正相关和无关联种对多于负相关种对,表明群落中优势种的种间竞争关系较弱,优势种间相互独立,利于物种共存。【结论】十万大山山地常绿阔叶林优势种的分布格局受生境异质性和密度制约的影响,且分布格局随尺度和发育阶段而变化。种内、种间关系多为正相关或无关联,群落优势种排斥竞争关系不显著,群落种群结构稳定。

天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨特征及其与群落组成的关系

林木种子是森林更新的重要物质基础,其数量多少与组成会对群落动态和生态系统的结构与功能产生深刻影响。为了更好的了解天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林动态变化,利用种子收集器对天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨进行了一年定位监测,分析了种子雨物种组成、季节动态、空间动态、种子性状以及种子雨与群落树种空间关系。结果表明:(1)天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨密度为921.33粒m^(-2) a^(-1),一年中每月都能收集到一定数量种子,月平均种子雨密度为76.78粒/m^(2),种子雨密度最大高峰是在10月份,达到263.78粒/m^(2),种子雨散布具有很大的空间变异,群落种子雨空间分布格局呈聚集分布。(2)一年中共收集到30个物种的种子,单粒种子平均重量为0.065 g,其中小叶青冈重量最大为0.405 g,最小的为柳杉重量为0.003 g,不同散布方式和不同果实类型的物种种子重量差异显著,在散布方式中重力散布的种子重量最大,在果实类型中坚果的种子重量最大。(3)植物群落物种对种子雨组成,特别是优势种的物种丰富度有很大贡献,种子不同的散布方式会影响种子雨与母树组成的相似性,风力散布的相似系数的最高值(R_(max))和距种子雨收集器的距离(d)均最大(风力散布:R_(max)=0.212,d=8 m;动物散布:R_(max)=0.143,d=6 m;重力散布:R_(max)=0.100,d=7 m),种子雨密度与周围母树数量在一定范围内呈显著正相关。综上,天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子物种种类丰富,种子雨具有明显的季节动态和空间变异,符合亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨时空动态的典型特征,通过风力散布的种子在远距离传播上有更大的优势。

十万大山山地常绿阔叶林群落物种组成与结构特征

十万大山是广西生物多样性热点区域之一,其主要植被类型是山地常绿阔叶林。为了解区域内山地常绿阔叶林的群落现状及优势种群结构的发展现状,该文以十万大山山地常绿阔叶林1 hm^(2)固定监测样地中胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的木本植物为研究对象,分析其物种组成、径级结构、树高结构并用g(r)函数分析优势种的空间分布格局。结果表明:(1)群落中DBH≥1 cm的木本植物共计7517株,隶属52科108属153种;群落的优势种有云南桤叶树(Clethra delavayi)、银木荷(Schima argentea)、毛折柄茶(Hartia villosa)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)、黄杞(Engelhardtia roxburghiana)、罗伞树(Ardisia quinquegona)、鼠刺(Itea chinensis)、腺叶山矾(Symplocos adenophylla)、假杨桐(Eurya subintegra)、毛冬青(Ilex pubescens),但优势种的优势地位不明显。(2)群落整体平均DBH为5.51 cm,径级、树高分布呈近似倒“J”型;优势种的径级分布多呈倒“J”型或“L”型,群落有较强的更新能力。(3)群落优势种稳定共存;优势种在样地中呈聚集分布,但优势种间聚集分布的位置有差异。总体而言,群落目前更新状态良好,群落中已有顶极群落优势种的存在,但群落具有一定的次生性特征,还未到达稳定的顶极群落状态,优势种间能稳定共存,有向稳定顶极群落演替的潜力,应继续加强管护,促进十万大山山地常绿阔叶林群落的更新与生存。

基于功能性状的中亚热带岩溶常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种多样性维持研究

理解植物功能性状和功能实体在森林群落的分布,有助于探讨物种丧失对森林生态系统功能、冗余和恢复力的影响。为了解脆弱的岩溶石山森林在应对生物多样性丧失的生态系统反馈,对桂林岩溶石山两块1hm~2的常绿落叶阔叶混交林的木本植物数据进行了分析。包括基于功能性状计算功能多样性、构建功能实体计算功能冗余以及采用Pearson相关分析和Mantel检验评估物种多样性指标在生态系统的维持机制。结果显示:(1)青冈+大叶榉树群落的功能多样性指标均低于鱼骨木+青冈+圆叶乌桕群落,且两个群落间功能均匀度不相关(P>0.05),功能丰富度、功能离散度和Rao′s二次熵呈现极显著相关性(P<0.001),功能分散度呈现显著相关性(P<0.05)。(2)两个群落的物种丰富度与功能冗余指标表现出相似的线性关系,即物种丰富度与功能实体等级、功能冗余、功能超冗余呈正相关,与功能脆弱性呈负相关关系。(3)不同植物功能性状间、不同功能多样性指标间和不同功能冗余指标间的相关性较强,功能多样性指标和功能冗余指标间无显著相关性,但功能性状与功能多样性指标、功能性状与功能冗余指标均存在不同程度的相关性。而在功能实体与物种多样性指标的相关性方面,呈现出同物种丰富度与物种多样性指标相似的显著度。另外,物种多度与物种丰富度、功能分散度、功能离散度、Rao′s二次熵及功能脆弱性均显著相关。总之,在岩溶石山常绿落叶阔叶混交林中,高功能多样性的群落存在高功能冗余的现象,但功能多样性和功能冗余是相互独立的因素;物种丰富度高的群落所提供的保险效应无法抵消其生态系统的脆弱性。因此,不能仅通过保护物种丰富度来维持生态系统的特有功能,还应充分考虑多度对生态系统功能的贡献,以更有效地实现对岩溶石山森林生态系统的保护。

古田山中亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地--群落组成与结构

亚热带常绿阔叶林是世界上主要植被类型之一，集中分布于我国，其中以中亚热带的常绿阔叶林最为典型。为了更好地研究常绿阔叶林森林生物多样性维持机理，按照CTFS（Centre for Tropical Forest Science）样地建设的标准，于2004年11月～2005年9月在浙江开化古田山国家级自然保护区建立了常绿阔叶林24hm^2永久样地。该文对样地内胸径≥1cm的木本植物进行了统计，初步分析了古田山森林样地（Gutianshan（GTS）forest plot）的群落组成与空间结构。群落的区系类型以热带成分比较多，在属的水平上53个是热带分布，44个是温带分布。共有159种，隶属于49科103属，总计140700株，以常绿树种为主（91个物种，占总优势度的90．6％，重要值为85．6％，占样地总个体数的85．9％）；样地群落有明显的优势物种和大量稀有种（Rare species，每hm^2个体数小于1）。甜槠（Castanopsis eyrei）、木荷（Schima superba）和马尾松（Pinus massoniana）在群落中占有主要优势；稀有种占总物种数的37．1％（59／159）；具有温带落叶阔叶林和热带雨林的相关特征，较好地代表了中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落。垂直结构由林冠层（63个种）、亚乔木层（70个种）和灌木层（26个种）组成。样地所有木本植物物种总径级分布呈倒“J”形，群落更新良好。几个优势种空间分布随着径级增大，聚集程度降低；并且它们的分布表现出与生境紧密关联，不同的物种表现出对生境不同的偏好。该文最后系统地比较了大样地方法与传统取样方法。

喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林凋落叶养分含量时空分布特征

森林生态系统中凋落物养分含量通常具有明显的时空异质性,为探究喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林凋落叶养分含量的时空分布特征及其影响因素,以广西木论喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林25hm2动态监测样地内151个凋落物收集器所收集的凋落叶为研究对象,选取连续12个月的凋落叶进行元素含量分析。结果显示:该森林群落凋落叶元素含量大小顺序为碳(C)>钙(Ca)>氮(N)>镁(Mg)>钾(K)>硫(S)>磷(P),分别介于471.85—496.33、20.27—28.29、17.34—23.10、2.79—5.49、1.80—4.38、1.82—2.22、0.96—1.21g/kg之间,呈现高Ca、Mg,低P、K的分布规律,并且随时间出现明显波动,其中C、N、P、S和Ca元素均在4月出现较大值,而K、Mg则在1月出现峰值。生物因子在5m和10m邻域范围内对凋落叶含量的影响基本一致,但10m尺度上地形因子和土壤因子对凋落叶元素含量的影响更为明显。10m邻域范围内生物和非生物因子对凋落叶P元素的随机森林累积解释率最高,达80.27%,C元素累积解释率最低,仅10.49%,其中海拔和坡度对凋落叶C、N、P、S、K、Ca和Mg含量均有强烈影响,岩石出露率和土壤铁(Fe)含量也会在一定程度上对凋落叶元素含量产生较大影响。综上所述,喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林不同月际间凋落叶养分含量存在显著差异,10m尺度上海拔和坡度是凋落叶养分含量产生空间变异的主要原因。

神农架南坡小叶青冈+曼青冈常绿阔叶林主要木本植物生态位与种间联结

为揭示神农架南坡代表性常绿阔叶林主要木本植物的种间生态联系及群落演替趋势,以小叶青冈+曼青冈群系20个主要木本植物的190组种对为研究对象,通过生态位测定并区分生态位特化种和生态位泛化种以及种间联结性检验,分析该群落主要物种生态位与种间联结特征。主要结果:(1)该常绿阔叶林群落物种丰富,群落组成复杂,小叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia)的重要值(11.13%)和生态位宽度(58.3)均最大,占绝对优势,生态位宽度排序和重要值排序不一致,分布频度对生态位宽度影响较大。(2)将20种主要木本植物划分为生态位特化种(6种)、生态位泛化种(3种)、中性类群(11种),生态位分化程度较高,资源利用差异以及生境适应性是影响生态位分化的主要因素。(3)生态位宽度大的物种其生态位重叠和相似度较高,生态位重叠指数总体略低,大部分物种对环境或资源需求相似,但相似度不高,种间竞争较弱,种间关系比较稳定。(4)主要木本植物总体正联结显著(P<0.05),χ^(2)检验、联结系数AC、Spearman秩相关检验结果均显示种间正联结作用占优势,但大多数种对联结不显著,物种趋于独立分布。(5)通过聚类分析,将20种主要木本植物划分三大生态种组:建群种组,共生种组和边缘种组。研究表明,神农架南坡小叶青冈+曼青冈常绿阔叶林目前正处于相对稳定的演替中后期阶段,群落发育较成熟,生态位分化、生境选择以及资源需求互补或互利是影响该群落物种共存的主要原因。研究阐明了神农架南坡代表性常绿阔叶林主要物种之间实际相互作用以及群落特征,为深入理解群落物种共存原因以及群落演替规律提供依据。

天童米槠-木荷群落主要树种的结构及空间格局

种群的结构和空间格局是植物群落的重要特征。以浙江天童米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)-木荷(Schima superba)群落为对象,应用永久样方法和每木调查法调查了群落种类组成和结构,并对10个主要常绿阔叶树种的种群结构和空间格局进行了分析,种群结构分析包括胸径级结构和垂直层次结构,空间格局分析包括各种不同垂直层次个体的空间分布格局和空间关联,并考虑了空间关联的尺度依赖。所选10个种总体RBA值达到81.9%,包含了群落的全部5个优势种,SDI指数除黑山山矾(Symplocosheishanensis)为正值外,其余9种皆为负值,各个种在垂直空间上占据了不同的位置。不同种之间以及同种不同层次之间表现出复杂多样的分布格局,体现出多级复合分布特征,但多数种整体上表现为集群分布或基本分布成分为个体群。空间关联在不同种之间、同种不同层次之间以及不同空间尺度上发生了分化,随尺度的增加,正关联增加而负关联减少。各个物种通过占据不同的水平和垂直空间,并采取不同的生活史对策,在群落中得以共存,从而导致了群落高的生物多样性的形成和维持。