The evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) nursing in standard plan is to be constructed by a combination of evidence-based thinking and expert consensus.(1) The symptoms of diseases with better curative eff...The evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) nursing in standard plan is to be constructed by a combination of evidence-based thinking and expert consensus.(1) The symptoms of diseases with better curative effect in TCM and the nursing techniques of TCM based on scientific evidence can be preliminarily presented through bibliometric analysis.(2) Expert consultation letters can be developed based on bibliometric results, and symptoms of dominant diseases in TCM and TCM nursing techniques can be selected through those letters.(3) Based on the selected symptoms and TCM nursing techniques, the PICO can be determined, and then evidence search, evidence extraction, evidence analysis can be conducted and synthesized, and recommendations would be chosen.(4) The recommendation grade of each recommendation can be determined by applying the Delphi method and referring to GRADE.(5) The plan will be determined through discussions of experts. The construction of TCM nursing plan would make sure that TCM nursing is scientific, and internationalize TCM nursing.展开更多
背景:巨噬细胞的能量代谢和极化状态在动脉粥样硬化的进展中起关键作用。中医药通过调控巨噬细胞代谢途径展示出防治动脉粥样硬化的潜力。目的:综述腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶调控巨噬细胞能量代谢和极化状态的研究进展,并探讨中医药防治动脉...背景:巨噬细胞的能量代谢和极化状态在动脉粥样硬化的进展中起关键作用。中医药通过调控巨噬细胞代谢途径展示出防治动脉粥样硬化的潜力。目的:综述腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶调控巨噬细胞能量代谢和极化状态的研究进展,并探讨中医药防治动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法:计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed及中国知网等数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年6月。中文检索词为“AMPK,脂肪酸氧化,巨噬细胞极化,中药,动脉粥样硬化,冠心病”等;英文检索词为“AMPK,fatty acid oxidation,macrophage polarization,Traditional Chinese Medicine,atherosclerosis,coronary heart disease”等,最终纳入62篇文献。结果与结论:①巨噬细胞的能量代谢从氧化磷酸化向糖酵解的转变,在动脉粥样硬化进展中起关键作用。在巨噬细胞中腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶激活后,通过促进脂肪酸氧化和M2型极化,发挥抗炎和稳定动脉斑块的作用。②中药单药(如人参、黄芪、黄精等)及复方(如黄连解毒汤、养心舒脉颗粒、调肝导浊方等)通过调控腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶途径干预核因子κB、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白等多条信号通路影响巨噬细胞的代谢方式,改变细胞功能,从而发挥治疗疾病的作用。③未来的研究应关注腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶、代谢与极化途径的相互作用,以及中药如何通过这些途径发挥治疗作用,为动脉粥样硬化的治疗提供新的策略。展开更多
背景:铁死亡是一种铁依赖性脂质过氧化引起的程序性细胞死亡方式,涉及铁超载、脂质过氧化、内质网应激等多种过程。研究发现,铁死亡与心肌缺血再灌注损伤发生发展密切相关,已成为心肌缺血再灌注损伤治疗新的靶点与视点。中药具有多靶点...背景:铁死亡是一种铁依赖性脂质过氧化引起的程序性细胞死亡方式,涉及铁超载、脂质过氧化、内质网应激等多种过程。研究发现,铁死亡与心肌缺血再灌注损伤发生发展密切相关,已成为心肌缺血再灌注损伤治疗新的靶点与视点。中药具有多靶点、多层次、不良反应少等优势,在心肌缺血再灌注损伤治疗领域效果显著,影响深远。目的:以铁死亡为切入点,对近年来研究中出现的葛根素、白藜芦醇、川芎嗪、黄芪甲苷Ⅳ等中药单体调控铁死亡抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展进行系统阐述和总结。方法:以“铁死亡,心肌损伤,心肌缺血再灌注损伤,信号通路,中药单体,黄酮,多酚类,生物碱,萜类,醌类”为中文检索词,以“Iron death,myocardial injury,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion,signaling pathways,traditional Chinese medicine monomer,flavonoids,polyphenols,alkaloids,terpenes,quinones”为英文检索词,检索中国知网和PubMed数据库2013年1月至2024年6月发表的有关铁死亡与心肌缺血再灌注损伤及中药单体调控机制的文献,排除与研究相关性不高、重复及过时的文献。共检索出1524篇相关文献,最终纳入76篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①大量动物和细胞实验研究表明,铁死亡在心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发生及进展中发挥重要作用;②中药单体如黄芩苷、白藜芦醇、川芎嗪等可调节铁代谢,减少铁沉积,抑制心肌细胞铁死亡;牡荆素、槲皮素及红景天苷等可改善线粒体功能,提高细胞抗氧化能力,减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤;③中药单体可通过调节溶质载体家族7成员11/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4、二氢乳酸脱氢酶/辅酶Q10、环氧合酶2/前列腺素E2、单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶等铁死亡相关信号通路,对抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤,减少心肌细胞铁死亡。展开更多
Bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology for the precise design and manufacture of tissues in various biological systems or organs.Coaxial extrusion bioprinting,an emergent branch,has demonstrated a strong poten...Bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology for the precise design and manufacture of tissues in various biological systems or organs.Coaxial extrusion bioprinting,an emergent branch,has demonstrated a strong potential to enhance bioprinting's engineering versatility.Coaxial bioprinting assists in the fabrication of complex tissue constructs,by enabling concentric deposition of biomaterials.The fabricated tissue constructs started with simple,tubular vasculature but have been substantially developed to integrate complex cell composition and self-assembly,ECM patterning,controlled release,and multi-material gradient profiles.This review article begins with a brief overview of coaxial printing history,followed by an introduction of crucial engineering components.Afterward,we review the recent progress and untapped potential in each specific organ or biological system,and demonstrate how coaxial bioprinting facilitates the creation of tissue constructs.Ultimately,we conclude that this growing technology will contribute significantly to capabilities in the fields of in vitro modeling,pharmaceutical development,and clinical regenerative medicine.展开更多
背景:国际上学者们很早就应用能量法对跑步效率有过积极的探索。但做功效率测试方法学至今并不完善。目的:通过场地400m跑训练实测,测试人体跑步的做功效率。方法:以体育院校短跑专项一级、二级男子运动员共12人为研究对象,在最近1年内...背景:国际上学者们很早就应用能量法对跑步效率有过积极的探索。但做功效率测试方法学至今并不完善。目的:通过场地400m跑训练实测,测试人体跑步的做功效率。方法:以体育院校短跑专项一级、二级男子运动员共12人为研究对象,在最近1年内无肌肉损伤、骨折及循环呼吸系统疾病,且了解实验过程,自愿参加测试。运用CORTEX Meta Max 3B便携式气体分析仪结合高速摄像PULNIX CCD(TM6710)系统、自制分段计时器等仪器,在田径场上进行同步测试;应用能量法结合生理指标、运动学指标、数学模型及统计方法计算出人体做功效率值。结果与结论:运动中一个复步的人体重心的Y轴平均起伏距离是(10.0±1.70)cm;X轴分段平均速度是(7.00±0.23)m/s;运动时间是(57.20±1.84)s;人体400m跑运动净能耗、热能、空气阻力能、势能、动能及做功效率平均值分别是(301.2±29.3)kJ,(197.0±30.3)kJ,(5.3±0.6)kJ,(3.7±0.7)kJ,(95.2±10.9)kJ,(35.0±4.3)%。在平均速度(7.00±0.23)m/s下,通过实际场地测试400m跑做功效率(外功效率)的平均值为35%,人体运动中的净能耗大部分以热能的形式损耗。说明人体实际运动的做功效率,可以能量平衡理论模型结合运动生物力学手段测试。展开更多
Material extrusion additive manufacturing has rapidly grown in use for tissue engineering research since its adoption in the year 2000. It has enabled researchers to produce scaffolds with intricate porous geometries ...Material extrusion additive manufacturing has rapidly grown in use for tissue engineering research since its adoption in the year 2000. It has enabled researchers to produce scaffolds with intricate porous geometries that were not feasible with traditional manufacturing processes. Researchers can control the structural geometry through a wide range of customisable printing parameters and design choices including material, print path, temperature, and many other process parameters. Currently, the impact of these choices is not fully understood. This review focuses on how the position and orientation of extruded filaments, which sometimes referred to as the print path, lay-down pattern, or simply'scaffold design', affect scaffold properties and biological performance. By analysing trends across multiple studies, new understanding was developed on how filament position affects mechanical properties. Biological performance was also found to be affected by filament position, but a lack of consensus between studies indicates a need for further research and understanding. In most research studies, scaffold design was dictated by capabilities of additive manufacturing software rather than free-form design of structural geometry optimised for biological requirements. There is scope for much greater application of engineering innovation to additive manufacture novel geometries. To achieve this, better understanding of biological requirements is needed to enable the effective specification of ideal scaffold geometries.展开更多
文摘The evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) nursing in standard plan is to be constructed by a combination of evidence-based thinking and expert consensus.(1) The symptoms of diseases with better curative effect in TCM and the nursing techniques of TCM based on scientific evidence can be preliminarily presented through bibliometric analysis.(2) Expert consultation letters can be developed based on bibliometric results, and symptoms of dominant diseases in TCM and TCM nursing techniques can be selected through those letters.(3) Based on the selected symptoms and TCM nursing techniques, the PICO can be determined, and then evidence search, evidence extraction, evidence analysis can be conducted and synthesized, and recommendations would be chosen.(4) The recommendation grade of each recommendation can be determined by applying the Delphi method and referring to GRADE.(5) The plan will be determined through discussions of experts. The construction of TCM nursing plan would make sure that TCM nursing is scientific, and internationalize TCM nursing.
文摘背景:巨噬细胞的能量代谢和极化状态在动脉粥样硬化的进展中起关键作用。中医药通过调控巨噬细胞代谢途径展示出防治动脉粥样硬化的潜力。目的:综述腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶调控巨噬细胞能量代谢和极化状态的研究进展,并探讨中医药防治动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法:计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed及中国知网等数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年6月。中文检索词为“AMPK,脂肪酸氧化,巨噬细胞极化,中药,动脉粥样硬化,冠心病”等;英文检索词为“AMPK,fatty acid oxidation,macrophage polarization,Traditional Chinese Medicine,atherosclerosis,coronary heart disease”等,最终纳入62篇文献。结果与结论:①巨噬细胞的能量代谢从氧化磷酸化向糖酵解的转变,在动脉粥样硬化进展中起关键作用。在巨噬细胞中腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶激活后,通过促进脂肪酸氧化和M2型极化,发挥抗炎和稳定动脉斑块的作用。②中药单药(如人参、黄芪、黄精等)及复方(如黄连解毒汤、养心舒脉颗粒、调肝导浊方等)通过调控腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶途径干预核因子κB、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白等多条信号通路影响巨噬细胞的代谢方式,改变细胞功能,从而发挥治疗疾病的作用。③未来的研究应关注腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶、代谢与极化途径的相互作用,以及中药如何通过这些途径发挥治疗作用,为动脉粥样硬化的治疗提供新的策略。
文摘背景:铁死亡是一种铁依赖性脂质过氧化引起的程序性细胞死亡方式,涉及铁超载、脂质过氧化、内质网应激等多种过程。研究发现,铁死亡与心肌缺血再灌注损伤发生发展密切相关,已成为心肌缺血再灌注损伤治疗新的靶点与视点。中药具有多靶点、多层次、不良反应少等优势,在心肌缺血再灌注损伤治疗领域效果显著,影响深远。目的:以铁死亡为切入点,对近年来研究中出现的葛根素、白藜芦醇、川芎嗪、黄芪甲苷Ⅳ等中药单体调控铁死亡抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展进行系统阐述和总结。方法:以“铁死亡,心肌损伤,心肌缺血再灌注损伤,信号通路,中药单体,黄酮,多酚类,生物碱,萜类,醌类”为中文检索词,以“Iron death,myocardial injury,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion,signaling pathways,traditional Chinese medicine monomer,flavonoids,polyphenols,alkaloids,terpenes,quinones”为英文检索词,检索中国知网和PubMed数据库2013年1月至2024年6月发表的有关铁死亡与心肌缺血再灌注损伤及中药单体调控机制的文献,排除与研究相关性不高、重复及过时的文献。共检索出1524篇相关文献,最终纳入76篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①大量动物和细胞实验研究表明,铁死亡在心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发生及进展中发挥重要作用;②中药单体如黄芩苷、白藜芦醇、川芎嗪等可调节铁代谢,减少铁沉积,抑制心肌细胞铁死亡;牡荆素、槲皮素及红景天苷等可改善线粒体功能,提高细胞抗氧化能力,减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤;③中药单体可通过调节溶质载体家族7成员11/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4、二氢乳酸脱氢酶/辅酶Q10、环氧合酶2/前列腺素E2、单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶等铁死亡相关信号通路,对抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤,减少心肌细胞铁死亡。
基金We thank Utah State University's College of Engineering Undergraduate Research Program(EURP)for supporting Andrew Kjar and Bailey McFarland.
文摘Bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology for the precise design and manufacture of tissues in various biological systems or organs.Coaxial extrusion bioprinting,an emergent branch,has demonstrated a strong potential to enhance bioprinting's engineering versatility.Coaxial bioprinting assists in the fabrication of complex tissue constructs,by enabling concentric deposition of biomaterials.The fabricated tissue constructs started with simple,tubular vasculature but have been substantially developed to integrate complex cell composition and self-assembly,ECM patterning,controlled release,and multi-material gradient profiles.This review article begins with a brief overview of coaxial printing history,followed by an introduction of crucial engineering components.Afterward,we review the recent progress and untapped potential in each specific organ or biological system,and demonstrate how coaxial bioprinting facilitates the creation of tissue constructs.Ultimately,we conclude that this growing technology will contribute significantly to capabilities in the fields of in vitro modeling,pharmaceutical development,and clinical regenerative medicine.
文摘背景:国际上学者们很早就应用能量法对跑步效率有过积极的探索。但做功效率测试方法学至今并不完善。目的:通过场地400m跑训练实测,测试人体跑步的做功效率。方法:以体育院校短跑专项一级、二级男子运动员共12人为研究对象,在最近1年内无肌肉损伤、骨折及循环呼吸系统疾病,且了解实验过程,自愿参加测试。运用CORTEX Meta Max 3B便携式气体分析仪结合高速摄像PULNIX CCD(TM6710)系统、自制分段计时器等仪器,在田径场上进行同步测试;应用能量法结合生理指标、运动学指标、数学模型及统计方法计算出人体做功效率值。结果与结论:运动中一个复步的人体重心的Y轴平均起伏距离是(10.0±1.70)cm;X轴分段平均速度是(7.00±0.23)m/s;运动时间是(57.20±1.84)s;人体400m跑运动净能耗、热能、空气阻力能、势能、动能及做功效率平均值分别是(301.2±29.3)kJ,(197.0±30.3)kJ,(5.3±0.6)kJ,(3.7±0.7)kJ,(95.2±10.9)kJ,(35.0±4.3)%。在平均速度(7.00±0.23)m/s下,通过实际场地测试400m跑做功效率(外功效率)的平均值为35%,人体运动中的净能耗大部分以热能的形式损耗。说明人体实际运动的做功效率,可以能量平衡理论模型结合运动生物力学手段测试。
文摘Material extrusion additive manufacturing has rapidly grown in use for tissue engineering research since its adoption in the year 2000. It has enabled researchers to produce scaffolds with intricate porous geometries that were not feasible with traditional manufacturing processes. Researchers can control the structural geometry through a wide range of customisable printing parameters and design choices including material, print path, temperature, and many other process parameters. Currently, the impact of these choices is not fully understood. This review focuses on how the position and orientation of extruded filaments, which sometimes referred to as the print path, lay-down pattern, or simply'scaffold design', affect scaffold properties and biological performance. By analysing trends across multiple studies, new understanding was developed on how filament position affects mechanical properties. Biological performance was also found to be affected by filament position, but a lack of consensus between studies indicates a need for further research and understanding. In most research studies, scaffold design was dictated by capabilities of additive manufacturing software rather than free-form design of structural geometry optimised for biological requirements. There is scope for much greater application of engineering innovation to additive manufacture novel geometries. To achieve this, better understanding of biological requirements is needed to enable the effective specification of ideal scaffold geometries.
