The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of seventeen protoilludane ses- quiterpenoid aromatic esters from the artificially cultured mycelium of Armillaria mellea (Vahl.ex Fr.) Quel.have been analysed and assi...The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of seventeen protoilludane ses- quiterpenoid aromatic esters from the artificially cultured mycelium of Armillaria mellea (Vahl.ex Fr.) Quel.have been analysed and assigned.All the ^(11)CNMR signals of the model compounds melleolide 5 and compounds 8,10,11,13,14,15,and 16 can be assigned on the basis of the multiplicity of the sig- nals in the off-resonance decoupled spectra or INEPT spectra.^(11)C-~1H COSY and long-range ^(13)C-~1H COSY.The assignments of the ^(13)CNMR spectra of other protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic esters were completed by comparison with the model compounds as well as the electronic effects of substi- tuted group on the molecules.The present results indicate that ^(11)CNMR spectroscopy provides an ef- fective method for characterizing the protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic esters.展开更多
A new protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic ester,named armillarizin (1)has been isolated from the artificially cultured mycelium of Armillaria me- llea(Vahl.ex Fr)Quel.(Tricholomataceae).Its structure was deduced on...A new protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic ester,named armillarizin (1)has been isolated from the artificially cultured mycelium of Armillaria me- llea(Vahl.ex Fr)Quel.(Tricholomataceae).Its structure was deduced on the ba- sis of spectral analyses.The relative configuration was established from the nuclear Overhauser effects and from the values of ~1H-~1H coupling constants.展开更多
Abstract: Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a medicinal fungus called “Lingzhi” in China, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in China for the prevention and treatment of various types of diseases,...Abstract: Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a medicinal fungus called “Lingzhi” in China, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in China for the prevention and treatment of various types of diseases, such as cancer, hepatopathy, arthritis, hypertension, neurasthenia, and chronic hepatitis. It is clear that the anticancer activity of G. lucidum is mainly due to polysaccharides and/or triterpenoids of the fungus. However, until now, the mechanism of the anticancer action of G. lucidum has not been well understood and, previously, the activation of the immune response of the host was widely considered to be the only mechanism by which G. lucidum prevented and/or treated cancer. However, recent studies reviewed in the present paper have shown that the potential mechanisms of anticancer action include not only the activation of the immune response of the host, but also the induction of cell differentiation, the induction of Phase II-metabolizing enzymes, the inhibition of angiogenesis, and the inhibition of the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor in cancer cells. To further elucidate the mechanisms of action of G. lucidum, more in vivo tests and randomized controlled clinical trials should be carried out, and the molecular mechanisms should be studied intensively. Additionally, whether the anticancer compounds in G. lucidum act synergistically or independently should be further studied.展开更多
以野生灵芝[Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss. ex Fr.)Karst.](D)、自然单核灵芝(Mo)、双核灵芝(Mu)的菌丝体为材料,利用高通量测序技术筛选差异表达基因,并进行GO分析和KEGG富集分析。通过差异基因分析,筛选出568个差异表达基因。GO分析结果表...以野生灵芝[Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss. ex Fr.)Karst.](D)、自然单核灵芝(Mo)、双核灵芝(Mu)的菌丝体为材料,利用高通量测序技术筛选差异表达基因,并进行GO分析和KEGG富集分析。通过差异基因分析,筛选出568个差异表达基因。GO分析结果表明,野生灵芝(D)与自然单核灵芝(Mo)菌丝体的差异表达基因主要富集在转录调控及DNA模板化、tRNA氨酰化、组蛋白甲基化等过程;野生灵芝(D)与双核灵芝(Mu)菌丝体的差异表达基因主要富集在染色质沉默、L-丝氨酸代谢、硫化合物代谢等过程;自然单核灵芝(Mo)与双核灵芝(Mu)菌丝体的差异表达基因主要富集在染色质沉默、DNA模板转录、谷氨酸分解等过程。KEGG富集结果表明,自然单核灵芝(Mo)与双核灵芝(Mu)菌丝体在代谢通路上有明显的差异,差异基因主要被注释到过氧化物酶、维生素代谢等通路。野生灵芝(D)与自然单核灵芝(Mo)菌丝体、野生灵芝(D)与双核灵芝(Mu)菌丝体的差异基因并没有KEGG富集的结果,说明其代谢通路没有明显差异。筛选出3个品系中表达量差异均显著的基因,共12个,并对基因的主要功能进行预测。12个基因中有5个基因可以匹配到GO库。GO注释结果表明,这5个基因主要被注释到氧化还原酶活性、金属离子结合、膜的调控与膜组成等方面。展开更多
文摘The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of seventeen protoilludane ses- quiterpenoid aromatic esters from the artificially cultured mycelium of Armillaria mellea (Vahl.ex Fr.) Quel.have been analysed and assigned.All the ^(11)CNMR signals of the model compounds melleolide 5 and compounds 8,10,11,13,14,15,and 16 can be assigned on the basis of the multiplicity of the sig- nals in the off-resonance decoupled spectra or INEPT spectra.^(11)C-~1H COSY and long-range ^(13)C-~1H COSY.The assignments of the ^(13)CNMR spectra of other protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic esters were completed by comparison with the model compounds as well as the electronic effects of substi- tuted group on the molecules.The present results indicate that ^(11)CNMR spectroscopy provides an ef- fective method for characterizing the protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic esters.
文摘A new protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic ester,named armillarizin (1)has been isolated from the artificially cultured mycelium of Armillaria me- llea(Vahl.ex Fr)Quel.(Tricholomataceae).Its structure was deduced on the ba- sis of spectral analyses.The relative configuration was established from the nuclear Overhauser effects and from the values of ~1H-~1H coupling constants.
文摘Abstract: Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a medicinal fungus called “Lingzhi” in China, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in China for the prevention and treatment of various types of diseases, such as cancer, hepatopathy, arthritis, hypertension, neurasthenia, and chronic hepatitis. It is clear that the anticancer activity of G. lucidum is mainly due to polysaccharides and/or triterpenoids of the fungus. However, until now, the mechanism of the anticancer action of G. lucidum has not been well understood and, previously, the activation of the immune response of the host was widely considered to be the only mechanism by which G. lucidum prevented and/or treated cancer. However, recent studies reviewed in the present paper have shown that the potential mechanisms of anticancer action include not only the activation of the immune response of the host, but also the induction of cell differentiation, the induction of Phase II-metabolizing enzymes, the inhibition of angiogenesis, and the inhibition of the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor in cancer cells. To further elucidate the mechanisms of action of G. lucidum, more in vivo tests and randomized controlled clinical trials should be carried out, and the molecular mechanisms should be studied intensively. Additionally, whether the anticancer compounds in G. lucidum act synergistically or independently should be further studied.
文摘以野生灵芝[Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss. ex Fr.)Karst.](D)、自然单核灵芝(Mo)、双核灵芝(Mu)的菌丝体为材料,利用高通量测序技术筛选差异表达基因,并进行GO分析和KEGG富集分析。通过差异基因分析,筛选出568个差异表达基因。GO分析结果表明,野生灵芝(D)与自然单核灵芝(Mo)菌丝体的差异表达基因主要富集在转录调控及DNA模板化、tRNA氨酰化、组蛋白甲基化等过程;野生灵芝(D)与双核灵芝(Mu)菌丝体的差异表达基因主要富集在染色质沉默、L-丝氨酸代谢、硫化合物代谢等过程;自然单核灵芝(Mo)与双核灵芝(Mu)菌丝体的差异表达基因主要富集在染色质沉默、DNA模板转录、谷氨酸分解等过程。KEGG富集结果表明,自然单核灵芝(Mo)与双核灵芝(Mu)菌丝体在代谢通路上有明显的差异,差异基因主要被注释到过氧化物酶、维生素代谢等通路。野生灵芝(D)与自然单核灵芝(Mo)菌丝体、野生灵芝(D)与双核灵芝(Mu)菌丝体的差异基因并没有KEGG富集的结果,说明其代谢通路没有明显差异。筛选出3个品系中表达量差异均显著的基因,共12个,并对基因的主要功能进行预测。12个基因中有5个基因可以匹配到GO库。GO注释结果表明,这5个基因主要被注释到氧化还原酶活性、金属离子结合、膜的调控与膜组成等方面。
