AN EXACT ELEMENT METHOD FOR BENDING OF NONHOMOGENEOUS THIN PLATES

In this paper, based on the step reduction method, a new method, the exact element method for constructing finite element, is presented. Since the new method doesn 't need the variational principle, it can be applied to solve non-positive and positive definite partial differential equations with arbitrary variable coefficient. By this method, a triangle noncompatible element with 6 degrees of freedom is derived to solve the bending of nonhomogeneous plate. The convergence of displacements and stress resultants which have satisfactory numerical precision is proved. Numerical examples are given at the end of this paper, which indicate satisfactory results of stress resultants and displacements can be obtained by the present method.

AN EXACT ELEMENT METHOD FOR PLANE PROBLEM

In this paper, based on the step reduction method[1] and exact analytic method[2] anew method-exact element method for constructing finite element, is presented. Since the new method doesn 't need the variational principle, it can be applied to solve non-positive and positive definite partial differential equations with arbitrary variable coefficient. By this method, a quadrilateral noncompatible element with 8 degrees of freedom is derived for the solution of plane problem. Since Jacobi's transformation is not applied, the present element may degenerate into a triangle element. It is convenient to use the element in engineering. In this paper, the convergence is proved. Numerical examples are given at the endof this paper, which indicate satisfactory results of stress and displacements can be obtained and have higher numerical precision in nodes.

AN EXACT ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE BENDING OF NONHOMOGENEOUS REISSNER’S PLATE

In this paper, based on the step reduction method and exaet analytic method, a new method, theexacl element method for constructing finite element, is presented. Since the near method doesn't need varialional principle, it can he applied to solve nun-positive and positive definite partial differcntial equations with arbitral varutble coefficients. By this method, a triangle noncompatible element with 15 degrees of freedom is derived to solve the bending of nonhomogenous Reissner's plate. Because the displacement parameters at the nodal point only contain deflection and rotation angle, it is convenient to deal with arbitrary boundary conditions. In this paper, the convergcnceof displacement and stress resultants is proved. The element obtained by the present method can be used for thin and thick plates as well, hour numerical examples are given at the end of this paper, which indicates that we can obtain satisfactory results and have higher numerical precision.

Frame-invariance in finite element formulations of geometrically exact rods

This article is concerned with finite element implementations of the three- dimensional geometrically exact rod. The special attention is paid to identifying the con- dition that ensures the frame invariance of the resulting discrete approximations. From the perspective of symmetry, this requirement is equivalent to the commutativity of the employed interpolation operator I with the action of the special Euclidean group SE（3）, or I is SE（3）-equivariant. This geometric criterion helps to clarify several subtle issues about the interpolation of finite rotation. It leads us to reexamine the finite element for- mulation first proposed by Simo in his work on energy-momentum conserving algorithms. That formulation is often mistakenly regarded as non-objective. However, we show that the obtained approximation is invariant under the superposed rigid body motions, and as a corollary, the objectivity of the continuum model is preserved. The key of this proof comes from the observation that since the numerical quadrature is used to compute the integrals, by storing the rotation field and its derivative at the Gauss points, the equiv- ariant conditions can be relaxed only at these points. Several numerical examples are presented to confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate the performance of this al- gorithm.

EXACT FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

In this paper, a new method, exact element method for constructing finite element, is presented. It can be applied to solve nonpositive definite or positive definite partial differential equation with arbitrary variable coefficient under arbitrary boundary condition. Its convergence is proved and its united formula for solving partial differential equation is given. By the present method, a noncompatible element can be obtained and the compatibility conditions between elements can be treated very easily. Comparing the exact element method with the general finite element method with the same degrees of freedom, the high convergence rate of the high order derivatives of solution can be obtained. Three numerical examples are given at the end of this paper, which indicate all results can converge to exact solution and have higher numerical precision.

Reference Coordinate System of Nonlinear Beam Element Based on the Geometrically Exact Formulation under Large Spatial Rotations and Deformations

Analysis of slender beam structures in a three-dimensional space is widely applicable in mechanical and civil engineering. This paper presents a new procedure to determine the reference coordinate system of a beam element under large rotation and elastic deformation based on a newly introduced physical concept: the zero twist sectional condition, which means that a non-twisted section between two nodes always exists and this section can reasonably be regarded as a reference coordinate system to calculate the internal element forces. This method can avoid the disagreement of the reference coordinates which might occur under large spatial rotations and deformations. Numerical examples given in the paper prove that this procedure guarantees the numerical exactness of the inherent formulation and improves the numerical efficiency, especially under large spatial rotations.

INCOMPATIBLE CURVED QUADRILATERAL PLATE BENDING ELEMENT WITH 12-DEGREES OF FREEDOM

This paper presents a new curved quadrilateral plate element with 12-degree freedom by the exact element method[1]. The method can be used to arbitrary non-positive and positive definite partial differential equations without variation principle. Using this method, the compatibility conditions between element can be treated very easily, if displacements and stress resultants are continuous at nodes between elements. The displacements and stress resultants obtained by the present method can converge to exact solution and have the second order convergence speed. Numerical examples are given at the end of this paper, which show the excellent precision and efficiency of the new element.

基于荷载等效理论的柱体结构剪切变形解析

为了提高具有铁木辛科梁性质的柱体结构剪切变形的计算效率和精度,基于荷载等效分布理论、节点解析法以及具有正交内插特性的铁木辛柯梁理论,提出了一种高效求解梁柱节点剪切变形位移的等效分布荷载-有限元算法,并通过研究2种工况算例验证了算法的可靠性。结果表明:该算法利用非常少的单元(1个或2个单元)便可以获得位移、旋转角、剪切力和弯矩的高精度近似解;其他基于位移的方法,如简化积分法,大约需要40个单元才能获得类似的结果。所提方法可以在不同的连接条件下直接获得铁木辛柯梁柱的稳定函数和弯曲荷载,有效提高了柱体结构剪切变形有限元分析解的精确性。

Three-dimensional electric field calculations for wire chamber using element refinement method in ANSYS

Finite element analysis(FEA) method was employed to perform three-dimensional(3D) electric field simulations for gas detectors with multiple wire electrodes.A new element refinement method developed for use in conjunction with the FEA program ANSYS allows successful meshing of the wires without physically inputting the wires in the chamber geometry. First, we demonstrate a model with only one wire, for which we calculate the potential distributions on the central plane and the end-cap region. The results are compared to the calculations obtained using GARFIELD, a two-dimensional program that uses the nearly exact boundary element method. Then we extend the method to same model, but with seven wires.Our results suggest that the new method can be applied easily to the 3D electric field calculations for complicated gas detectors with many wires and complicated geometry such as multiwire proportional chambers and time projection chambers.

Simulation study on ultrasonic tomography for grouted reinforced concrete by finite element

A finite element reconstruction algorithm for ultrasound tomography based on the Helmholtz equation in frequency domain is presented to monitor the grouting defects in reinforced concrete structures.In this algorithm,a hybrid regularizations-based iterative Newton method is implemented to provide stable inverse solutions.Furthermore,a dual mesh scheme and an adjoint method are adopted to reduce the computation cost and improve the efficiency of reconstruction.Simultaneous reconstruction of both acoustic velocity and attenuation coefficient for a reinforced concrete model is achieved with multiple frequency data.The algorithm is evaluated with numerical simulation under various practical scenarios including varied transmission/receiving modes,different noise levels,different source/detector numbers,and different contrast levels between the heterogeneity and background region.Results obtained suggest that the algorithm is insensitive to noise,and the reconstructions are quantitatively accurate in terms of the location,size and acoustic properties of the target over a range of contrast levels.

最优系数有限单元法色散介质GPR频率域正演模拟

工程实际勘探对象如土壤、岩石等多为色散介质,雷达波在其中传播时易发生衰减与畸变,应用常规有限单元法(Finite Element Method,FEM)方法进行数值模拟时,存在数值频散现象.为此,作者以色散介质为研究对象,开展最优系数有限单元法探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar,GPR)频率域正演.首先,分析了有限元质量、刚度矩阵的约束条件对有限元求解精度的影响,基于归一化相速度与1的误差最小策略,利用最小二乘法,仅需三个优化参数求取最优的有限元刚度矩阵与质量矩阵.四种不同方法的频散曲线分析及精度对比实验结果表明,优化矩阵在单位波长仅需4.8个网格点下便可达到误差小于0.2%的精度;而一致、集中和折衷矩阵不仅需要更多的网格点,且误差较大.然后,将精确完全匹配层(Exact Perfectly Matched Layer,EPML)吸收边界条件引入最优系数频域有限单元(Finite Element Frequency Domain,FEFD)算法中,简化了吸收参数优化过程,取5层即可达到常规完全匹配层(Perfectly Matched Layer,PML)的10层的吸收效果,能够有效提升正演效率.并将基于EPML的最优系数有限单元法算法引入到城市道路病害模型正演中,实验表明:本文算法能有效压制频散并实现实际色散介质高精度模拟,模拟结果更接近波在地下介质中的实际传播特性.

框架结构屈曲的精确有限元求解

基于屈曲微分控制方程的一般解,构造了Euler梁在轴力作用下的精确形函数,建立了用于框架结构屈曲分析的精确有限单元,得到了单元刚度矩阵和几何刚度矩阵的显式表达,并提出了基于常规特征值计算的迭代算法以确定屈曲载荷及相应失稳模态的精确解。研究表明,对于线性稳定性分析而言,常规框架有限单元可视为精确有限单元的一种近似。若采用精确单元,无需进行网格细分就可以获得精确的屈曲载荷和失稳模态。数值算例证明了新单元和算法的效率和精度。

计及二阶效应的一种变截面梁精确单元刚度阵

推导一种精确的Bernoulli-Euler变截面梁单元,解决了传统变截面梁单元在结构稳定性分析中存在的计算精度较低的问题,以常见的外形沿轴向按线性变化的变截面梁为例,给出梁单元的精确刚度阵。放弃传统有限元通过插值理论构建变形场,并通过虚位移原理获取单元刚度阵的方法,直接从计入二阶效应的单元平衡微分方程中得到变截面梁的载荷位移关系,进而得到有限元格式的变截面梁精确刚度阵。借助于变截面梁单元刚度阵,可导致与精确的微分方程解析法同样的计算精度。通过与几个经典算例和ANSYS计算结果比较表明:该精确刚度阵可直接应用于结构稳定性分析,获得变截面梁结构精确的欧拉临界力。

开口薄壁杆件结构稳定分析的精确单元和两步求解算法

从控制微分方程的通解出发,构造受偏心压力作用开口薄壁杆件的精确形函数,建立用于开口薄壁杆件结构稳定性分析的精确有限元,得到了单元刚度矩阵和几何刚度矩阵的显式表达,提出了计算给定区间内各阶临界荷载以及相应失稳模态的两步计算方法。计算结果表明,与常规单元相比,采用精确单元无需进行网格细分就可以获得精确的数值结果,结合本文的两步求解算法,可以准确获得给定区间内全部临界荷载和失稳模态。

弹性地基上Timoshenko梁的精确数值解

研究了弹性地基上Timoshenko梁的高精度有限元分析方法,利用控制微分方程的基本解建立了单元形函数,提出了弹性地基上Timoshenko梁分析的Trefftz单元。通过对引入的非节点自由度进行静力凝聚,得到的精确单元与常规单元具有相同的节点自由度。文中还讨论了有效降低计算过程中舍入误差的方法。算例结果表明,采用提出的新单元,只需使用极少的单元即可获得数值精确解。

Abel范畴的正合列与同态定理

证明了在Abel范畴中几个有趣的正合交换图命题,并应用其思想得到了Abel范畴的同态定理、短四引理和单满同态分解定理,统一了环模、BCK-代数、交换群层和粗糙模范畴的相关结果.

液化土中单桩-土-结构系统自由振动与屈曲的精确有限元法

基于液化土层中桩-土相互作用的Winkler模型,将桩等效为Rayleigh梁,构造了Rayleigh梁单元在轴力作用下自由振动和屈曲分析的精确形函数,建立了Winkler基础上考虑轴力的Rayleigh梁精确有限单元,得到了单元刚度矩阵、单元几何刚度矩阵和单元质量矩阵的表达式,建立了相应的精确有限元法。通过修正精确有限元的整体离散控制方程,得到成层液化土中单桩-土-结构系统的自由振动与屈曲分析的精确有限元离散方程,并就成层液化土中单桩-土-结构系统的固有频率和屈曲载荷进行了数值计算,通过与解析结果的比较,说明了本文精确有限元法的可靠性和合理性。研究表明,常规梁单元是精确梁单元的一个特例,采用精确有限元,无需细分网格就可以进行精确固有频率与屈曲载荷等的计算。

非均匀薄板弯曲的精确元法

本文在阶梯折算法的基础上,提出构造有限元的新方法——精确元法.它不用一般变分原理,可适用于任意变系数正定和非正定偏微分方程.利用该方法,得到薄板弯曲一个非协调三角形单元,它具有6个自由度.文中给出证明,位移和内力均收敛于精确解,并有很好的精度.文末给出算例.算例表明利用本文的方法,内力和位移均可获得满意的结果.

地铁车辆轮轨法向接触问题研究

轮轨法向接触是影响轮轨磨耗和滚动接触疲劳的关键因素。分析了赫兹接触理论以及Kalker三维弹性体非赫兹滚动接触理论(精确理论),建立了地铁车辆轮轨接触有限元模型,计算不同轮对横移量下的轮轨接触斑形状和法向接触应力。计算结果表明:在踏面接触工况下,CONTACT的计算结果与有限元模型计算结果一致,而在轮缘接触工况下,CONTACT程序受弹性半空间假设限制导致计算结果与有限元模型计算结果相差较大;赫兹接触由于受接触斑内轮轨曲率为常数的限制,导致其计算结果与CONTACT和有限元模型计算结果相比有较大出入。

新型压电式直线驱动器的研究

介绍了采用带压电元件、圆弧缺口杠杆和双平行四边形弹簧的多级放大一体化结构的新型压电式直线驱动器的研究。实验表明：该直线驱动器的最大行程为400pm，最大输出力为50N，可控精度小于0．5μm，频带宽为100Hz，动作频率为50Hz（对应最大行程）。该直线驱动器的特点是驱动力大、可控精度高、响应快、可直接用于NC机床、机器人装配、活塞加工数控系统的精密直接驱动。