Building a Smart Management System for the Field Training Course at the Faculty of Specific Education-Mansoura University

Field training is the backbone of the teacher-preparation process.Its importance stems from the goals that colleges of education aim to achieve,which include bridging the gap between theory and practice and aligning with contemporary educational trends during teacher training.Currently,trainee students attendance in field training is recordedmanually through signatures on attendance sheets.However,thismethod is prone to impersonation,time wastage,and misplacement.Additionally,traditional methods of evaluating trainee students are often susceptible to human errors during the evaluation and scoring processes.Field training also lacks modern technology that the supervisor can use in case of his absence from school to monitor the trainee students’implementation of the required activities and tasks.These shortcomings do not meet the needs of the digital era that universities are currently experiencing.As a result,this paper presents a smart management system for field training based on Internet of Things(IoT)and mobile technology.It includes three subsystems:attendance,monitoring,and evaluation.The attendance subsystem uses an R307 fingerprint sensor to record trainee students’attendance.The Arduino Nano microcontroller transmits attendance data to the proposed Android application via an ESP-12F Wi-Fi module,which then forwards it to the Firebase database for storage.The monitoring subsystem utilizes Global Positioning System(GPS)technology to continually track trainee students’locations,ensuring they remain at the school during training.It also enables remote communication between trainee students and supervisors via audio,video,or text by integrating video call and chat technologies.The evaluation subsystem is based on three items:an online exam,attendance,and implementation of required activities and tasks.Experimental results have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed management system in recording attendance,as well as in monitoring and evaluating trainee students during field traiing.

Subtle skills: Using objective structured clinical examinations to assess gastroenterology fellow performance in system based practice milestones

BACKGROUND System based practice(SBP) milestones require trainees to effectively navigate the larger health care system for optimal patient care. In gastroenterology training programs, the assessment of SBP is difficult due to high volume, high acuity inpatient care, as well as inconsistent direct supervision. Nevertheless,structured assessment is required for training programs. We hypothesized that objective structured clinical examination(OSCE) would be an effective tool for assessment of SBP.AIM To develop a novel method for SBP milestone assessment of gastroenterology fellows using the OSCE.METHODS For this observational study, we created 4 OSCE stations: Counseling an impaired colleague, handoff after overnight call, a feeding tube placement discussion, and giving feedback to a medical student on a progress note. Twentysix first year fellows from 7 programs participated. All fellows encountered identical case presentations. Checklists were completed by trained standardized patients who interacted with each fellow participant. A report with individual and composite scores was generated and forwarded to program directors to utilize in formative assessment. Fellows also received immediate feedback from a faculty observer and completed a post-session program evaluation survey.RESULTS Survey response rate was 100%. The average composite score across SBP milestones for all cases were 6.22(SBP1), 4.34(SBP2), 3.35(SBP3), and 6.42(SBP4)out of 9. The lowest composite score was in SBP 3, which asks fellows to advocate for cost effective care. This highest score was in patient care 2, which asks fellows to develop comprehensive management plans. Discrepancies were identified between the fellows’ perceived performance in their self-assessments and Standardized Patient checklist evaluations for each case. Eighty-seven percent of fellows agreed that OSCEs are an important component of their clinical training,and 83% stated that the cases were similar to actual clinical encounters. All participating fellows stated that the immediate feedback was "very useful." One hundred percent of the fellows stated they would incorporate OSCE learning into their clinical practice.CONCLUSION OSCEs may be used for standardized evaluation of SBP milestones. Trainees scored lower on SBP milestones than other more concrete milestones. Training programs should consider OSCEs for assessment of SBP.

Novel Solution Based on Face Recognition to Address Identity Theft and Cheating in Online Examination Systems

The main objective of this research is to provide a solution for online exam systems by using face recognition to authenticate learners for attending an online exam. More importantly, the system continuously (with short time intervals), checks for learner identity during the whole exam period to ensure that the learner who started the exam is the same one who continued until the end and prevent the possibility of cheating by looking at adjacent PC or reading from an external paper. The system will issue an early warning to the learners if suspicious behavior has been noticed by the system. The proposed system has been presented to eight e-learning instructors and experts in addition to 32 students to gather feedback and to study the impact and the benefit of such system in e-learning environment.

Design and Implementation of Speaking English Exam System Based on C/S

This paper analyzes current status of teachers＇ speaking test, applies presently mature C/S system structure and oilers a network way for teachers＇ speaking exam. We provide the whole process of design and development in online speaking exam, illustrate several functional designs including item bank construction, auto-generating examination paper and test paper analysis and discuss various network programming development technology during teachers＇ speaking network examination intensively. Directed by software engineering theory, the system is finally designed and realized through feasible research, requirement analysis, general design, detailed design, and tests with popular system development language and powerful database management.

一种基于遗传算法的多缺陷定位方法

基于程序频谱的缺陷定位方法可以有效地辅助开发人员定位软件内部缺陷,但大部分已有自动化方法在解决多缺陷定位问题时表现不佳,部分效果尚可的方法因复杂度较高或需要开发人员较多交互而仍需进一步改善.为改善上述问题,提出一种基于遗传算法的多缺陷定位方法 GAMFal,具体来说:首先基于搜索的软件工程思想对多缺陷定位问题进行建模,构建了候选缺陷分布的染色体编码方式,并基于扩展的Ochiai系数计算个体的适应度值;随后使用遗传算法在解空间中搜索具有最高适应度值的候选缺陷分布,在终止条件被满足后返回最优解种群;最后根据这个种群对程序实体进行排序.这样开发人员可以依次对程序实体进行检查并最终确定多个缺陷的具体位置.实证研究以Siemens套件中的7个程序和Linux的3个程序(gzip、grep和sed)作为评测对象,并扩展传统的定位方法评测标准EXAM至EXAMF和EXAML,通过与其他经典的缺陷定位方法(Tarantula、Improved Tarantula及Ochiai)进行对比,并通过Friedman检测和最小显著性差异测试可得,提出的GAMFal方法在整体定位效率方面优于传统方法,且需要更少的人工交互.除此之外,GAMFal的执行时间也在可接受的范围之内.

Reducing Test Anxiety while Increasing Learning Efficiency:by Using Cheat Sheet in the College English Exam

Cheat sheets are so named because they may be used by students without the instructor's knowledge to cheat on a test.Student learning is greatly enhanced by studying prior to an exam.Allowing students to prepare a cheat sheet for the exam helps structure this study time and deepens learning.The crib sheet is well defined:one double-sided page of A4.An award for the best and most creative cheat sheet allows the instructor to appreciate the students' efforts.Using the cheat sheet can not only reduces student anxiety during testing but also incease student learning efficiency.

A Special Eavesdropping on One-Sender Versus N-Receiver QSDC Protocol

We analyse the security of a quantum secure direct communication （QSDC） protocol and find that an eavesdropper can utilize a special property of GHZ states to elicit all or part of the transmitted secrets without being detected. The particular attack strategy is presented in detail. We give an improved version of this protocol so that it can resist this attack.

Repeatedly elevatedγ-glutamyltransferase levels are associated with an increased incidence of digestive cancers:A population-based cohort study

BACKGROUND The association between elevatedγ-glutamyltransferase(GGT)at a certain point and incident cancer has been suggested;however,no study has evaluated the association between repeatedly elevated GGT and cancer incidence.AIM To investigate the effects of repeatedly elevated GGT on the incidence of digestive cancers.METHODS Participants who had undergone health screening from 2009 to 2012 and 4 consecutive previous examinations were enrolled.GGT points were calculated as the number of times participants met the criteria of quartile 4 of GGT in four serial measurements(0-4 points).Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied.RESULTS In total,3559109 participants were included;among them,43574 digestive cancers developed during a median of 6.8 years of follow-up.The incidence of total digestive cancers increased in a dose-response manner in men[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)compared with those with 0 GGT points=1.28 and 95%confidence interval(CI)=1.24-1.33 in those with 1 point;aHR=1.40 and 95%CI=1.35-1.46 in those with 2 points;aHR=1.52 and 95%CI=1.46-1.58 in those with 3 points;aHR=1.88 and 95%CI=1.83-1.94 in those with 4 points;P for trend<0.001].This trend was more prominent in men than in women and those with healthy habits(no smoking,no alcohol consumption,and a low body mass index)than in those with unhealthy habits.CONCLUSION Repeatedly elevated GGT levels were associated with an increased risk of incident digestive cancer in a dose-responsive manner,particularly in men and those with healthy habits.Repeated GGT measurements may be a good biomarker of incident digestive cancer and could help physicians identify high-risk populations.

Simulated Microbe Removal around Finger Rings Using Different Hand Sanitation Methods

Aim It is our opinion that the CDC and the WHO have underestimated cross-contamination under examination gloves in dental clinics while wearing jewelry, such as finger rings. These agencies only ＂recommend＂ removing jewelry, and only washing hands for 15 seconds with soap and warm water before donning gloves. This study examined several washing procedures and finger rings using simulated microbes. Methodology A gloved robber hand manikin was made and fitted with a flesh disposable vinyl glove. Four fingers were fitted with rings or no ring, dusted with simulated microbes, and washed with a scrub brush for 5, 15, and 25 seconds under 20℃ and 40℃ water alone, or with liquid hand soap. Light levels （in lux） of fluorescent powder before and after washing were measured and delta scores calculated for changes in light levels, equivalent to effectiveness of hand washing procedures. A full-factorial, 3-factor analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to test for differences among levels of the three study factors-time, temperature, and soap use. Tukey＇s post hoc honestly significant difference （HSD） test was applied to significant factors to examine pair-wise differences between factor levels. Results It was found that the longer the hands with rings were washed with a scrub brush under flowing water, the more simulated microbes were removed. By 25 seconds, all methods were essentially the same. Simulated microbes were more difficult to remove from the palm compared to the back of the hand. The liquid hand soap used in this study was more effective with warm water than cold. When given a choice of washing with cold water up to 15 seconds, it would be preferable not to use soap to remove simulated microbes. Qualitatively, the outer surface of finger rings were more effectively cleaned than the crevice below the ring, and the ring with a stone setting appeared to accumulate and retain simulated microbes more than other rings. Conclusion The most effective treatment was washing with warm water and liquid soap. Longer times were more effective. Rings should not be worn under examination gloves due to difficulty cleaning in the crevice under the ring, and the well-known consequences of cross-contamination between the patient and the health care worker.

ISHD:Intelligent Standing Human Detection of Video Surveillance for the Smart Examination Environment

In the environment of smart examination rooms, it is important to quickly and accurately detect abnormal behavior(human standing) for the construction of a smart campus. Based on deep learning, we propose an intelligentstanding human detection (ISHD) method based on an improved single shot multibox detector to detect thetarget of standing human posture in the scene frame of exam room video surveillance at a specific examinationstage. ISHD combines the MobileNet network in a single shot multibox detector network, improves the posturefeature extractor of a standing person, merges prior knowledge, and introduces transfer learning in the trainingstrategy, which greatly reduces the computation amount, improves the detection accuracy, and reduces the trainingdifficulty. The experiment proves that the model proposed in this paper has a better detection ability for the smalland medium-sized standing human body posture in video test scenes on the EMV-2 dataset.

暴露分析模拟系统(EXAMS)及其应用

本文介绍了暴露分析模拟系统(EXAMS)的基本内容,并对其在基础研究、化学品环境风险评价及实际水环境中有机污染物研究等方面的应用作了综述。

A Validation Pilot Study Comparing Telemedicine Images to a Face-to-Face Airway Exam for Conducting the Anesthesia Preoperative Airway Evaluation

Telemedicine is a branch of healthcare that uses communication technology to deliver medical information and services between patients and healthcare providers. The applicability of telemedicine is vast and increasingly relevant. There is a lack of research on utilizing telemedicine for remote evaluation of the airway. The primary aim of this pilot study was to validate a telemedical airway exam as a viable alternative to an in-person evaluation. Three anesthesiologists evaluated 48 volunteers by telemedicine and live examination. The telemedical exam consisted of transmitting still images of four established, predictive parameters of difficult airways: Mallampati score;neck extension;ability to prognath;and thyromental distance. Each subject’s telemedical and face-to-face scores were compared to determine their degree of correlation. Still images were taken using standardized positioning with four pictures of mouth opening, neck extension, prognath, and thyromental distance. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and free-marginal multirater kappa analysis. Average respective scores for live versus telemedicine examination were as follows: Mallampati scores were 1.73 versus 2.54;neck extension scores were 3.77 versus 3.60;thyromental distance (measured in finger breadths) was 2.95 versus 2.92;and prognath scores were 0.97 versus 0.94. There was no difference in grading of thyromental distance or prognathy ability between live and telemedical exams, and interrater reliability was very good for both parameters. This study supports telemedicine as a reliable tool for preoperative anesthesia airway exams to identify airway difficulties. This may be especially useful as an alternative in patients with COVID-19 undergoing urgent surgery.

Speak of Student's Study and Exam

This paper briefly discusses the causes which have led to the present situation ,most of the students study only for the exam itself,regard their grades in the exam as their lifeblood ,and the attitude towards study and exam at all levels of education .

On College English Final Exams Within a University

This paper discusses the importance of a well-written college English final exam within a university at the end of each semester, the directive function of such an exam, the valuable informative feedback of the detailed scores, the necessity and importance of informing students of the general format of the exam and types of items as early as possible. It also deals with the importance of formative evaluation, the functions of regular scores, problems in retests that test-makers should pay attention to and the different organizations of test-makers.

Reasons for Chinese Crave for Civil-Service Jobs:A Cross-Cultural Perspective

This paper is aimed at exploring the cultural reasons underlying the civil service examinations,which can be concludedas"Tri-Cs",namely the well-established agricultural civilization,cadre culture and family-oriented concept.Through in-depthanalyses,the author strives to clarify the possible reasons for this exam fever and help delineate a clearer picture of the essentials ofChinese culture.

Solution to Stokes-Maxwell-Euler Differential Equation

Solutions to the differential equation in Smith’s Prize Examination taken by Maxwell are discussed. It was a competitive examination using which skill full students were identified and James Clerk Maxwell was one of them. He later formulated the theory of Electromagnetism and predicted the light speed & its value was subsequently confirmed by experiments. Light travel in a direction perpendicular to oscillating electric and magnetic field through a vacuum from sun. In the same exam paper, Maxwell answered the question related to Stokes Theorem of vector calculus which was used in the formalism of Electromagnetic theory.

Predictors of Retention and Passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses

Using Seidman’s retention formula as a theoretical foundation, this study investigated historical data from a Bachelor of Science (BSN) nursing program to determine whether the admission variables of the preprogram grade point averages (GPA), American College Testing (ACT) scores, anatomy and physiology course grades, and/or the Health Education System Inc. (HESI) Exit Exam scores could predict completing the nursing program, as well as passing the NCLEX-RN. A significant relationship (p < 0.01) was identified between the preprogram GPA, ACT scores, anatomy grades, and the HESI Exit Exam scores with the completion of the BSN program and passing the NCLEX-RN.

Factors Affecting Students’Plans to Take the CPA Examination

Enrollments in accounting programs and the demand for accounting graduates are increasing,but the number of candidates sitting for the CPA exam is decreasing.This study compares characteristics of students at a mid-size regional university who plan to sit for the CPA exam with those who do not.In addition,reasons offered by students for their plans to take or not take the CPA exam are explored.The study finds that a student’s desired career path,as well as their mother’s educational level,is significantly related to their intention to sit for the exam.Career alignment or misalignments were the primary factors shaping a student’s plan to sit for the CPA exam.The proportion of students intending to sit for the CPA exam decreases with class level,and the majority of students intend to work outside of public accounting.This study will be of interest to the profession and public as the decline in CPA examination candidates coincides with a higher than average percentage of CPAs projected to retire in the next three years.

Comparison of in Clinic-Based Fecal Microbiome Collection Techniques for Increase in Study Participation and Utilization of Microbiome Analysis

We compared the collection techniques of fecal specimens for DNA extraction and fecal microbiome analysis by utilizing the glove from a standard-of-care digital rectal exam (DRE) and the rectal swab from a pre-prostate biopsy bacterial rectal culture collected in clinical care settings. DNA yield from the swab technique compared to the glove technique yielded similar amounts of DNA (18.1 vs. 13.1 ng/μL, p = 0.06), slightly favoring the swab technique. However, utilizing DNA yield cutoffs of 15 ng/μL (37% vs. 29%, p = 0.18) and 30 ng/μL (15% and 9%, p = 0.16), we identified no differences in yield between the swab versus glove technique, respectively. Absorbance values for overall DNA quality were significantly different in favor of the glove technique (mean 1.6 vs. 2.0, p < 0.001). Using an absorbance value of 1.5 as an indication of DNA quality, only 26% (19/91) met the cutoff value using the swab group compared to 47.3% (53/112) if the glove technique was used (p < 0.001). Similar results occurred for the RNA quality with an absorbance value cutoff of 2.0 (2.2% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.001). To increase sampling feasibility and improve population sampling, gloves used from a DRE may be utilized as a consistent and efficient fecal DNA collection technique for fecal microbiome analysis. DNA yield and quality from the glove technique are comparable to—if not better than—rectal swab collection.

Toward Developing a Syllabus-Oriented Computer-Based Question-Banks Software to Support Partially Computerized Exams

Aims: This study aims at designing and implementing syllabus-oriented question-bank system that is capable of producing paper-based exams with multiple forms along with answer keys. The developed software tool is named Χ(Chi)-Pro Milestone and supports four types of questions, namely: Multiple-choice, True/False, Short-Answer and Free-Response Essay questions. The study is motivated by the fact that student number in schools and universities is continuously growing at high, non-linear, and uncontrolled rates. This growth, however, is not accompanied by an equivalent growth of educational resources (mainly: instructors, classrooms, and labs). A direct result of this situation is having relatively large number of students in each classroom. It is observed that providing and using online-examining systems could be intractable and expensive. As an alternative, paper-based exams can be used. One main issue is that manually produced paper-based exams are of low quality because of some human factors such as instability and relatively narrow range of topics [1]. Further, it is observed that instructors usually need to spend a lot of time and energy in composing paper-based exams with multiple forms. Therefore, the use of computers for automatic production of paper-based exams from question banks is becoming more and more important. Methodology: The design and evaluation of X-Pro Milestone are done by considering a basic set of design principles that are based on a list of identified Functional and Non-Functional Requirements. Deriving those requirements is made possible by developing X-Pro Milestone using the Iterative and Incremental model from software engineering domain. Results: We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone has a number of excellent characteristics compared to the exam-preparation and question banks tools available in market. Some of these characteristics are: ease of use and operation, user-friendly interface and good usability, high security and protection of the question bank-items, high stability, and reliability. Further, X-Pro Milestone makes initiating, maintaining and archiving Question-Banks and produced exams possible. Putting X-Pro Milestone into real use has showed that X-Pro Milestone is easy to be learned and effectively used. We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone is a cost-effective alternative to online examining systems with more and richer features and with low infrastructure requirements.