A Simple Statistical Estimation of One’s Performance in an MCQ Examination, Based Upon Mock Test Results, Using Binomial Distribution of Probability

A simple statistical model is proposed regarding the estimation of one’s overall performance in an MCQ examination along with the calculation of probability of obtaining a certain percentage of marks in the same. Using the data obtained from the results of a sufficiently large number of mock examinations, conducted prior to the main examination, certain parameters quantifying one’s knowledge or preparation for the examination has been calculated. Based on those parameters, the probability of obtaining a certain percentage of marks has been computed using the theory of binomial probability distribution. The dependence of this probability function on various parameters has been depicted graphically. A parameter, called the performance index, has been defined in terms of the expectation value and standard deviation of marks computed from probability distribution. Using this parameter, a new parameter called the relative performance index has been defined. This index estimates one’s performance with respect to the best possible performance. The variation of relative performance index with respect to the preparation index has been shown graphically for different parameter values quantifying various aspects regarding the examination and the examinee.

Analysis of the Pathological Examination Results of 100 Colon Polyps Cases after EMR or ESD Operation

Aim: To study the characteristics of EMR (endoscopic mucosal resection) or ESD (endoscopic submucosal dissection) postoperative pathological examination of colonic polyps in different age groups, and the difference of pathological examination after EMR or ESD operation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the EMR or ESD postoperative pathological data of 100 cases of colonic polyps patients in the Jingzhou Central Hospital digestive internal medicine. The time is from March 2016 to March 2018. Results: In 100 cases of EMR or ESD operation, there are 65 cases of young and middle-aged group. Pathological examination results include: 34 cases of adenomatous polyp, 18 cases of inflammatory polyp, 11 cases of benign tumors, 1 case of malignant tumor, 1 case of hyperplastic polyp. There are 35 cases of elderly group. Pathological examination results include: 27 cases of adenomatous polyp, 2 cases of inflammatory polyp, 2 cases of benign tumors, 4 cases of malignant tumor. 71 cases of complete EMR operation include: 51 cases of adenomatous polyp, 17 cases of inflammatory polyp, 3 cases of benign tumors;29 cases of complete ESD operation include: 10 cases of adenomatous polyp, 3 cases of inflammatory polyp, 10 cases of benign tumors, 5 cases of malignant tumor, 1 case of hyperplastic polyp. Conclusion: For the pathological examination results after EMR or ESD operation, the proportion of inflammatory polyps in the young and middle-aged group was greater than that in the elderly group. The proportion of adenomatous polyps in the elderly group was larger than that in the young and middle-aged group. The proportion of adenomatous polyps in EMR was greater than that of ESD. The proportion of benign tumors and malignant tumors in ESD was greater than that of EMR. The difference has statistical significance.

Comparison of detection results of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at different degrees in infant patients between brain electrical activity mapping, transcranial Doppler sonography and computer tomography examinations

BACKGROUND： It has been proved that brain electrical activity mapping （BEAM） and transcranial Doppler （TCD） detection can reflect the function of brain cell and its diseased degree of infant patients with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy （HIE）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the abnormal results of HIE at different degrees detected with BEAM and TCD in infant patients, and compare the detection results at the same time point between BEAM, TCD and computer tomography （CT） examinations. DESIGN ： Contrast observation SETTING： Departments of Neuro-electrophysiology and Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 416 infant patients with HIE who received treatment in the Department of Newborn Infants, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College during January 2001 and December 2005. The infant patients, 278 male and 138 female, were at embryonic 37 to 42 weeks and weighing 2.0 to 4.1 kg, and they were diagnosed with CT and met the diagnostic criteria of HIE of newborn infants compiled by Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Academy, Chinese Medical Association. According to diagnostic criteria, 130 patients were mild abnormal, 196 moderate abnormal and 90 severe abnormal. The relatives of all the infant patients were informed of the experiment. METHOOS： BEAM and TCD examinations were performed in the involved 416 infant patients with HIE at different degrees with DYD2000 16-channel BEAM instrument and EME-2000 ultrasonograph before preliminary diagnosis treatment （within 1 month after birth） and 1,3,6,12 and 24 months after birth, and detected results were compared between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparison of detection results of HIE at different time points in infant patients between BEAM. TCD and CT examinations. RESULTS： All the 416 infant patients with HIE participated in the result analysis. （1） Comparison of the detected results in infant patients with mild HIE at different time points after birth between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： BEAM examination showed that the recovery was delayed, and the abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination 1 and 3 months after birth [55.4%（72/130）vs. 17.0% （22/130 ）,x^2=41.66 ;29.2% （ 38/130 ） vs. 6.2% （ 8/130 ）, x^2=23.77, P 〈 0.01 ], exceptional patients had mild abnormality and reached the normal level in about 6 months. TCD examination showed that the disease condition significantly improved and infant patients with HIE basically recovered 1 or 2 months after birth, while CT examination showed that infant patients recovered 3 or 4 months after birth. （2） Comparison of detection results of infant patients with moderate HIE at different time points between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： The abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination 1,3,6 and 12 months after birth [90.8% （178/196）,78.6% （154/196）,x^2=4.32,P 〈 0.05;64.3% （126/196）,43.9% （86/196） ,x^2=16.44 ;44.9% （88/196） ,22.4% （44/196）,x^2=22.11 ;21.4% （42/196）, 10.2% （20/196）,x^2=9.27, P 〈 0.01]. BEAM examination showed that there was still one patient who did not completely recovered in the 24^th month due to the relatives of infant patients did not combine the treatment,. TCD examination showed that the abnormal rate was 23.1%（30/196）in the 1^st month after birth, and all the patients recovered to the normal in the 3^rd month after birth, while CT examination showed that mild abnormality still existed in the 24^th month after birth （1.0% ,2/196）. （3） Comparison of detection results of infant patients with severe HIE at different time points between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： The abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination in the 1^st, 3^rd, 6^th and 12^th months after birth[86.7% （78/90）,44.4% （40/90）,x^2=35.53;62.2% （56/90）,31.1% （28/90）,x^2=17.51 ;37.8% （34/90）,6.7% （6/90）, x^2=27.14, P 〈 0.01]. BEAM examination showed that mild abnormality still existed in 4 infant patients in the 24^th month after birth. TCD examination showed that the abnormal rate was 11.1% （10/90） in the 3^rd month after birth, and all the infant patients recovered in the 6^th month after birth. CT examination showed that the abnormal rate was 6.7%（6/90） in the 12^th month after birth, and all of infant patients recovered to the normal in the 24^th month after birth.CONCLUSION ： BEAM is the direct index to detect brain function of infant patients with HIE, and positive reaction is still very sensitive in the tracking detection of convalescent period. The positive rate of morphological reaction in CT examination is superior to that in TCD examination, and the positive rate is very high in the acute period of HIE in examination.

Evaluation of Students'Performance in Specialized Courses in Yanbian Agriculture College by Variance

The performance of college students'professional courses is an index to evaluate their academic status,so the performance of professional courses has a certain significance.In the process of assigning homework to teachers and taking exams in universities,the performance of specialized courses is regarded as the standard for students to study well.Because students'understanding and follow-up are often assessed on the basis of their usual seriousness and attendance in class,homework and exams,it is necessary to analyze their final grades to assess their actual situation.Test scores were evaluated using variances and covariances.This paper discusses how to evaluate the final achievement from the distribution of achievement.

Study on the Effectiveness of the Application of Perineal Wound Model in Teaching Midwife Interns

Objective:To discuss and analyze the effectiveness of the application of perineal wound model in teaching midwife interns.Methods:The research subjects in this study were 40 midwife interns who enrolled in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022,which were divided into a control group(consisted of 20 interns,taught with the conventional method)and a research group(consisted of 20 participants,taught with the perineal wound model)using the random number table method.The outcomes of these two groups were compared.Results:The examination results of the research group were better than control group(P<0.05);the interns of the research group were more satisfied towards the teaching method compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Applying the perineal wound model in teaching midwife interns could effectively improve their examination achievements and teaching satisfaction,which brings a significant clinical value.

神经外科临床带教中采取案例及任务驱动教学法的效果

目的探讨在神经外科临床带教中运用案例及任务驱动教学法进行带教的实施效果。方法选取2021年9月—2022年7月神经外科临床实习的80名学生为研究对象,将2021学年度采取传统教学法的40名学生纳入对照组,将2022学年度采取案例及任务驱动教学法的40名学生纳入研究组,对比教学效果调查结果、考核成绩、教学满意度评价以及评判性思维能力评分。结果教学前,2组教学效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。教学后,研究组解剖学知识的理解力、临床思维能力、主动学习积极性、解决临床问题能力、口头表达能力及期待临床实习评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组理论考核、临床知识、病例分析评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组基础知识理解、重点内容掌握、教学模式可行、学习兴趣、课堂气氛、教师教学热情以及师生互动评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组评判性思维能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论神经外科临床带教采取案例及任务驱动教学法可激发学生学习兴趣,增加师生互动,可提高学生理论知识与操作技能,教学评价效果较好。

基于PACS系统的翻转课堂在神经外科专培生实习中的效果

目的 探究基于图片存档及通信系统(picture archiving and communication system,PACS)的翻转课堂教学在神经外科专科医师规范化培训(简称“专培”)实习中的效果。方法 选取2019年6月—2022年6月重庆医科大学附属永川医院60名在神经外科实习的专培生,随机分为观察组和对照组,各30名。其中对照组采用常规传统教学法,观察组采用基于PACS系统的翻转课堂教学法。评估两组专培生实习期间出科考试成绩以及教改实践效果。结果 观察组理论考试成绩、实践技能成绩、综合测评总成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组提高学习效率、提升自学能力、促进实习参与意识、增进临床思维能力、提高信息获取能力、提高学习效率、提高临床实践技能均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 将基于PACS系统的翻转课堂应用于神经外科专培生的实习中,可有效激发专培生的自主学习能力,提高出科考试成绩,同时提升专培生的实践教学效果,为临床培育更优秀的神经外科医生。

基于大数据关联分析的学生考试成绩分析

考试成绩不仅是院校教育者了解教学实施情况的重要参考,更是学生了解自身知识掌握情况、寻找短板弱项、科学制定个人学习目标的重要参考。开展基于大数据的考试成绩分析与应用,寻找学生考试成绩背后各科目之间的相互关联,对于各高校提升管理质量和管理效益,学生开展更有针对性的学习具有十分重要的意义。采用Apriori算法的数据挖掘技术,对我校已毕业的2018级学生高考、在校期间的考试成绩数据进行了分析,寻找制约学生成绩的关键课程和影响因素,为改进人才培养提供数据支撑。

微信联合PBL教学法在急诊临床教学中的应用

目的探析急诊临床教学中微信与以问题为导向的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合应用的价值。方法2021年1月—2022年1月,选取内蒙古医科大学附属医院48名急诊科实习生,依据随机数字表法分2组,每组24名,对照组实施PBL教学,观察组实施微信联合PBL教学法,比较2组实习生的考核成绩、各方面能力提升情况及对教学方法的满意度。结果观察组教学后的学习动机评分包括外生动机、内生动机分均高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组实习生理论成绩和技能考核评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组实习生各方面能力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),观察组实习生对教学方法的满意率为100%,高于对照组的70.83%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微信与PBL教学法在急诊临床教学中表现出显著的效果,能够有效提升实习生的考核成绩和综合能力,实习生对这种教学方法的评价较高。

PBL教学法在儿科教学中对教学质量的影响

目的探究以问题为导向的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)在儿科教学中对教学质量的影响。方法2020年7月—2022年6月,按照随机列表法选取在河北大学附属医院儿科实习的63名临床医学专业实习生,将其分别纳入对照组与研究组。对比两组实习生的出科理论与技能考核成绩,以及对教学模式认可程度。结果在出科理论考核成绩方面,研究组得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在出科技能考核成绩方面,2组的医德医风、病史采集以及体格检查考核得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组的病例分析以及辅助检查分析考核分数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组实习生对其所接受的PBL教学法认可度高于对照组实习生对其所接受的传统教学模式认可度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在儿科教学中运用PBL教学法能有效提升临床医学专业实习生的理论知识掌握程度以及临床实践技能,尤其对疾病诊断分析能力提升效果显著,并且该教学模式获得了实习生的高度认可。

模拟与临床相结合的颈内静脉穿刺的教学效果探讨

目的探讨模拟与临床相结合的颈内静脉穿刺教学法在麻醉科住培医师带教中的教学效果。方法选取2021年5—12月于江苏省肿瘤医院麻醉科参加住院医师规范化培训的学员40名,采用随机数字表法将住培学员分为非模拟组和模拟组,每组20名,非模拟组采取教学演示的方式进行培训,模拟组采取教学演示加模拟训练的方式进行培训。记录2组住培学员颈内静脉穿刺的时间、成功率、技能操作和理论考试成绩及学员对教学的满意度评分。结果模拟组学员颈内静脉穿刺的平时时间为(9.46±2.38)min、技能操作为(26.85±1.95)分、理论考试成绩为(93.55±3.97)分、授课效果满意度评分为(9.05±0.69)分、课程生动程度评分为(9.10±0.79)分和授课方法推荐度评分为(9.00±0.92)分,均好于非模拟组的(14.50±3.53)min、(23.95±2.61)分、(86.70±5.05)分、(7.70±1.30)分、(7.45±0.94)分和(7.75±1.37)分,但差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模拟组学员颈内静脉穿刺的成功率为95%,非模拟组为80%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论为了优化教学成效,在医疗领域采用模拟实际操作的训练模式,将极大地促进技能传授的质量。通过融合超声波定位与仿真模拟人,开展模拟训练,使得住院医师培训学员在临床实践之前能够多次重复练习并熟练掌握相关理论知识及技能。

PBL教学法在检验科带教中的作用及对其考核成绩的影响

目的评价检验科带教期间应用以问题为导向教学法(Problem-Based Learning,PBL)教学法所取效果,评估对实习生考核成绩的影响。方法选取2019年10月—2023年10月福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院实习的50名检验专业学生,经简单随机化法划分为对照组(n=25,常规教学法)、观察组(n=25,PBL教学法),对比两组教学效果,评估指标包含考核成绩、教学质量、综合能力。结果观察组考核成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);理论深化、仪器教学、实操教学、检验技能指导各指标对比,观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);相比于对照组,观察组综合能力较强,各项指标评分较高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论在检验科带教期间采取“问题式学习”教学法具有显著作用,有益于提高实习生考核成绩以及整体教学质量。

基于大语言模型的体检总检结论自动生成研究

本文研究了基于大语言模型自动生成体检总检结论的方法.与常规文本摘要生成任务不同,体检总检结论的生成特别关注体检异常检查结果,要求生成结论不仅准确,还需遵循医学领域的专业知识和标准.为此,本文基于经医疗知识问答数据微调的大型预训练语言模型,提出了一个体检总检结论自动生成方法.该方法包括两个关键模块:1)异常信息抽取模块,利用少量标注数据增强模型在抽取科室小结中异常检查结果识别能力;2)结论项排序模块,使得生成内容符合体检总检结论的顺序规范.在真实体检数据集上的实验表明,这两个核心模块有效提升了总检结论生成质量.本文为医疗文档自动生成技术提供了新思路,展现了大语言模型在医疗人工智能应用中的前瞻性.

省域医学检查检验结果共享互认体系构建研究

目的通过福建省医学检查检验共享互认体系实践分析,为区域医疗信息共享建设提供参考。方法构建福建省医学检查检验共享互认平台,建立数据交换规则,拓展“医学影像云”子系统,构建共享互认监管指标体系,强化监管结果应用。结果福建省医学检查检验共享互认体系在社会、经济、信息技术创新、地方标准建立等方面均有良好的效益。结论省域内医疗机构信息化水平是实现省域医疗信息共享互认的基础,平台数据完整性需要监控,数据的再利用有待挖掘,通过福建省医学检查检验共享互认体系的建设实践可以为其他省域共享互认体系建设和工作改进提升提供参考。

小组教学法在神经外科护理中的带教效果及对核心能力的影响研究

目的 探究小组教学法在神经外科护理中的带教效果及对核心能力的影响。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年8月神经外科内所带教的90名护生,随机分成两组,对照组接受常规教学方式(45名),研究组接受小组教学法(45名),对比两组效果。结果与对照组比,研究组的考核成绩更优(P <0.05),与对照组比,研究组护生的核心能力评分更高(P <0.05),与对照组比,研究组护生的满意度更高(P <0.05),与对照组相比,研究组带教后学习方式、能力、态度评分更高(P <0.05);与对照组相比,研究组对激发神经外科见习兴趣、提高沟通交流能力、提高临床思维能力、有利于知识的理解和记忆、培养自学能力的认可度更高(P <0.05)。结论 在神经外科护理教学过程中,小组教学法的应用可以有效提高考核成绩和护生的满意度,增强护生的核心能力以及学习效果,且护生认可度较高,带教效果显著。

我国医学检查结果互认研究现状与思考

医学检查结果互认对提高大型公立医院有限资源的利用效率,促进优质医疗资源共享;缓解老百姓看病贵看病难;减轻医保基金压力,提高基金使用效率等具有直接的现实意义。通过回顾我国医学检查结果互认的研究,从制度规范、平台建设、政策认知、绩效分配四个方面进行梳理,分析我国关于医学检查结果互认的研究热点和方向,理清医学检查结果互认政策实施的难点、关键点,并进一步从加强理论研究、完善实证研究、创新研究方法等方面提出未来医学检查结果互认的研究方向。

案例结合情景引入策略在麻醉学教学中的应用效果

目的探讨麻醉学教学中应用案例结合情景引入策略的价值。方法选取2020年8月至2021年8月南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院麻醉科的46名实习生作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组各23名。对照组采用常规带教方法,观察组采用案例结合情景引入策略教学方法。观察并比较两组学生教学后的考核成绩、综合能力评分及对带教方法的满意度。结果观察组学生理论知识考核、实验考核及随堂测试考核成绩、各维度综合学习能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组学生对带教方法的满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论案例结合情景引入策略应用在麻醉学教学效果显著,可提升学生自身专业化理论、技能水平,提高学生的综合能力,同时学生对教学内容表示满意,临床带教中可借鉴及推广。

综合素质评价纳入高考面临的困境与应对策略——基于评价使用理论视角

综合素质评价纳入高考是新时代高考招生改革的关键举措。然而,推进综合素质评价纳入高考面临着来自综合素质评价自身、评价者、使用者和社会组织背景因素的制约,使其陷入困境。借鉴国外教育评价使用理论分析框架进行分析发现,困境背后的根本原因在于对综合素质评价结果如何使用的理论研究相对薄弱,对高校参与综合素质评价使用过程重要性认识不足和对综合素质评价纳入高考使用影响因素的复杂性缺乏全面分析。为了深入推进综合素质评价纳入高考实质性进程,需要加强对综合素质评价技术和评价结果使用的培训,促进校长、教师和学生等评价者深度参与评价,明确高校在综合素质评价中的使用者身份,营造综合素质评价纳入高考的社会组织背景条件。

基于思维导图的翻转课堂在供应室护士岗位胜任力培训中的应用

目的探讨基于思维导图的翻转课堂教学模式在供应室护士岗位胜任力培训中的应用效果。方法选取2020年6月—2022年6月滨州医学院烟台附属医院新入职的78名护士作为研究对象。按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各39名。对照组开展常规培训,观察组在培训中应用基于思维导图的翻转课堂。对比2组护士岗位胜任力、理论及操作考核成绩及培训满意度。结果培训后,观察组理论考核得分(92.34±17.52)分、操作考核得分(90.69±17.11)分,优于对照组的理论考核得分(84.78±15.29)分、操作考核得分(83.40±14.92)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护士岗位胜任力、培训满意度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在供应室护士岗位胜任力培训中应用基于思维导图的翻转课堂教学模式可有效提升护士岗位胜任力,提高理论、操作考核成绩及培训满意度,具有一定的应用效果。