Density of excess modes below the first phonon mode in four-dimensional glasses

Glasses are known to possess low-frequency excess modes beyond the Debye prediction.For decades,it has been assumed that evolution of low-frequency density of excess modes D(ω) with frequency ω follows a power-law scaling:D(ω)~ω~γ.However,it remains debated on the value of γ at low frequencies below the first phonon-like mode in finitesize glasses.Early simulation studies reported γ=4 at low frequencies in two-(2D),three-(3D),and four-dimensional(4D)glasses,whereas recent observations in 2D and 3D glasses suggested γ=3.5 in a lower-frequency regime.It is uncertain whether the low-frequency scaling of D(ω)~ω^(3.5) could be generalized to 4D glasses.Here,we conduct numerical simulation studies of excess modes at frequencies below the first phonon-like mode in 4D model glasses.It is found that the system size dependence of D(ω) below the first phonon-like mode varies with spatial dimensions:D(ω) increases in2D glasses but decreases in 3D and 4D glasses as the system size increases.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the ω^(3.5)scaling,rather than the ω~4 scaling,works in the lowest-frequency regime accessed in 4D glasses,regardless of interaction potentials and system sizes examined.Therefore,our findings in 4D glasses,combined with previous results in 2D and 3D glasses,suggest a common low-frequency scaling of D(ω)~ ω^3.5) below the first phonon-like mode across different spatial dimensions,which would inspire further theoretical studies.

Excess non-COVID-19-related mortality among inflammatory bowel disease decedents during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic disrupted healthcare in the United States.AIM To investigate COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related death and characteristics associated with excess death among inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)decedents.METHODS We performed a register-based study using data from the National Vital Statistics System,which reports death data from over 99%of the United States population,from January 1,2006 through December 31,2021.IBD-related deaths among adults 25 years and older were stratified by age,sex,race/ethnicity,place of death,and primary cause of death.Predicted and actual age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs)per 100000 persons were compared.RESULTS 49782 IBD-related deaths occurred during the study period.Non-COVID-19-related deaths increased by 13.14%in 2020 and 18.12%in 2021[2020 ASMR:1.55 actual vs 1.37 predicted,95%confidence interval(CI):1.26-1.49;2021 ASMR:1.63 actual vs 1.38 predicted,95%CI:1.26-1.49].In 2020,non-COVID-19-related mortality increased by 17.65%in ulcerative colitis(UC)patients between the ages of 25 and 65 and 36.36%in non-Hispanic black(NHB)Crohn’s disease(CD)patients.During the pandemic,deaths at home or on arrival and at medical facilities as well as deaths due to neoplasms also increased.CONCLUSION IBD patients suffered excess non-COVID-19-related death during the pandemic.Excess death was associated with younger age among UC patients,and with NHB race among CD patients.Increased death at home or on arrival and due to neoplasms suggests that delayed presentation and difficulty accessing healthcare may have led to increased IBD mortality.

Point-of-care ultrasonography spotlight:Could venous excess ultrasound serve as a shared language for internists and intensivists?

Point-of-care ultrasonography(POCUS),particularly venous excess ultrasound(VExUS)is emerging as a valuable bedside tool to gain real-time hemodynamic insights.This modality,derived from hepatic vein,portal vein,and intrarenal vessel Doppler patterns,offers a scoring system for dynamic venous congestion assessment.Such an assessment can be crucial in effective management of patients with heart failure exacerbation.It facilitates diagnosis,quantification of congestion,prognostication,and monitoring the efficacy of decongestive therapy.As such,it can effectively help to manage cardiorenal syndromes in various clinical settings.Extended or eVExUS explores additional veins,potentially broadening its applications.While VExUS demonstrates promising outcomes,challenges persist,particularly in cases involving renal and liver parenchymal disease,arrhythmias,and situations of pressure and volume overload overlap.Proficiency in utilizing spectral Doppler is pivotal for clinicians to effectively employ this tool.Hence,the integration of POCUS,especially advanced applications like VExUS,into routine clinical practice necessitates enhanced training across medical specialties.

Managing excess PbI_(2)for efficient perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their low cost,high efficiency and easy processing.Recently,You et al.achieved a record efficiency of 26.1%(certified 25.6%)in PSCs with excellent stability[1].Excess PbI_(2) in perovskite films was converted into inactive(PbI_(2))2RbCl to avoid its detrimental effect to device stability,while maintaining its positive effect to device efficiency.

Orthodontic-surgical treatment for severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and four premolars extraction: A case report

BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction with facial appearance at the end of orthodontic camouflage treatment is very important, especially for skeletal malocclusion. This case report highlights the importance of the treatment plan for a patient initially treated with four-premolar-extraction camouflage, despite indications for orthognathic surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old male sought treatment complaining about his unsatisfactory facial appearance. His maxillary first premolars and mandibular second premolars had been extracted, and a fixed appliance had been used to retract his anterior teeth for two years without improvement. He had a convex profile, a gummy smile, lip incompetence, inadequate maxillary incisor inclination, and almost a class I molar relationship. Cephalometric analysis showed severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion(A point-nasion-B point = 11.5°) with a retrognathic mandible(sella-nasion-B point = 75.9°), a protruded maxilla(sella-nasion-A point = 87.4°), and vertical maxillary excess(upper incisor to palatal plane = 33.2 mm). The excessive lingual inclination of the maxillary incisors(upper incisor to nasion-A point line =-5.5°)was due to previous treatment attempts to compensate for the skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion. The patient was successfully retreated with decompensating orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. The maxillary incisors were repositioned and proclined in the alveolar bone, the overjet was increased, and a space was created for orthognathic surgery, including maxillary impaction, anterior maxillary back-setting, and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy to correct his skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy. Gingival display was reduced, and lip competence was restored. In addition, the results remained stable after 2 years. The patient was satisfied with his new profile as well as with the functional malocclusion at the end of treatment.CONCLUSION This case report provides orthodontists a good example of how to treat an adult with severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess after an unsatisfactory orthodontic camouflage treatment. Orthodontic and orthognathic treatment can significantly correct a patient’s facial appearance.

Safety Evaluations of Long-Term and Excessive Intakes of Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Heat-killed Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013 has been demonstrated to improve the frequency of defecation, straining, and pain during defecation in human placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the safety of both long-term and excessive intakes of heat-killed B. longum CLA8013, when used as a food with functional claims. In both tests, 30 healthy volunteers were divided into two groups: an active group that ingested heat-killed B. longum CLA8013 and a placebo group. In the long-term intake safety study, participants in the active group ingested 25 billion cells/day for 12 weeks. In the excessive intake safety study, participants in the active group ingested 125 billion cells/day for 4 weeks. Physical, hematological, biochemical, and urine examinations were conducted, and adverse events were evaluated in both studies. The studies revealed no abnormalities in any of the safety tests. In conclusion, no safety-related issues were identified with long-term or excessive intake of heat-killed B. longum CLA8013.

Pyloric Stenosis and Nonbilious Vomiting in Infants: Negative Base Excess and Hypercapnia—Two Opposing Points of One Scale a Comparative Case Series

Background: Blood pH and bicarbonate estimations are basal acid-base laboratory tests that are performed in infants with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). This study aimed to define the clinical value of pCO2 and BE in infants suspected to have IHPS. Methods: We collected data from 80 “surgical” infants younger than 100 days with prolonged nonbilious vomiting who were suspected to have IHPS. In 65 infants, pyloric stenosis was confirmed, and 15 infants had nonsurgical conditions. Capillary blood was tested for standard acid-base parameters and lactate. The two groups were compared. Results: Eighty-eight percent of the IHPS infants had elevated standard bicarbonate levels (st bicarb) > 25 mmol/l, and 60% had BE > 3.5 mmol/l;12% of the infants showed hypercapnia (pCO2 ≥ 50 mmHg) associated with markedly increased standard bicarbonate and BE. Infants with nonsurgical vomiting were older at admission (p = 0.002), had a longer duration of vomiting (p < 0.001), were older (p = 0.002) and weighted more at admission (p = 0.004), had lower pCO2 (p = 0.021), lower st bicarb (p < 0.001) and lower BE (p = 0.001). In addition, nonsurgical infants showed a trend to anemia (p = 0.002). Conclusions: In infants with IHPS/nonbilious vomiting, acid-base analysis (ABA) is equivocal or inconclusive. These findings may be misleading and could result in a false clinical decision. Nonsurgical vomiting is associated with a lower degree of alkalosis, normocapnia to slight hypercapnia and a base deficit. However, even infants with IHPS may present with a negative BE. In infants with IHPS and severe alkalosis, hypercapnia carries a risk for respiratory depression. Monitoring the infant’s respiration allows for the early detection of respiratory deterioration.

Preliminary Study on the Treatment Efficiency of Pasteurized Lime Thermal Alkaline Hydrolysis for Excess Activated Sludge and Reduction of Tetracycline Resistance Genes

Thermal alkaline hydrolysis is a common pretreatment method for the utilization of excess activated sludge(EAS).Owing to strict environment laws and need for better energy utilization,new methods were developed in this study to improve the efficiency of pretreatment method.Direct thermal hydrolysis(TH),pasteurized thermal hydrolysis(PTH),and alkaline pasteurized thermal hydrolysis(PTH+CaO and PTH+NaOH)methods were used to treat EAS.Each method was compared and analyzed in terms of dissolution in ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and soluble COD(SCOD)in EAS.Furthermore,the removal of tetracycline resistance genes(TRGs)and class 1 transposon gene intI1 from EAS was investigated.The NH_(4)^(+)-N and SCOD concentrations in EAS treated by PTH were 1.24 and 2.58 times higher than those of TH.However,the removal efficiency of total TRGs and intI1 between the groups was comparable.The SCOD concentration of the PTH+NaOH group was 4.37 times higher than that of the PTH group,and the removal efficiency of total TRGs was increased by 9.52%compared with that by PTH.The NH_(4)^(+)-N and SCOD concentrations of the PTH+CaO group could reach 85.04%and 92.14%of the PTH+NaOH group,but the removal efficiency of total TRGs by PTH+CaO was 19.78%lower than that by PTH+NaOH.Thus,to reduce the financial cost in actual operation,lime(CaO)can be used instead of a strong alkali(NaOH),and pasteurized steam at 70℃ instead of conventional high-temperature heating to treat EAS.This study provides a reference for the development of alkaline hydrolysis under moderate temperatures along with the removal of TRGs in EAS.

Abnormal expression and significance of circ-CBLB/miR-486-5p in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of spleen deficiency and dampness excess type

Objective:To explore the abnormal expression and significance of circ-CBLB/miR-486-5p in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of spleen deficiency and dampness excess type.Methods:The 30 healthy individuals included in the method were from the Physical Examination Center of Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and the 60 rheumatoid arthritis patients included were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The disease activity score of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated using VAS score and DAS28 score,joint symptoms and spleen deficiency syndrome score were evaluated using graded quantification method,immune inflammation indicators were detected using relevant instruments,inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA method,macrophage markers were detected using FCM method,and pathway gene expression was detected using RT-qPCR;Evaluate the predictive effect of circ-CBLB and miR-486-5p on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis using ROC curves.Results:(1)miR-486-5p,CD14^(+)CD86^(+),ESR,CRP,RF,Anti CCP Ab,IL-6,TNF in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-αThe levels of circ-CBLB,CD14^(+)CD163^(+),IL-4,and IL-10 were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals;(2)The expression level of circ-CBLB in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD163^(+),and negatively correlated with miR-486-5p and CD14^(+)CD86^(+);The expression level of miR-486-5p is negatively correlated with CD14^(+)CD163^(+)and positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD86^(+);There is a negative correlation between CD14^(+)CD86^(+)and CD14^(+)CD163^(+);ESR is negatively correlated with circ-CBLB,and positively correlated with miR-486-5p,CD14^(+)CD86^(+),CRP;CRP is negatively correlated with circ-CBLB,CD14^(+)CD163^(+),and positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD86^(+),ESR;(3)The expression level of circ-CBLB in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is negatively correlated with joint tenderness,morning stiffness,lack of qi and lazy speech,and postprandial abdominal distension score;The expression level of miR-486-5p is positively correlated with the scores of joint tenderness and decreased appetite.(4)The ROC curve shows that in terms of circ-CBLB,ESR,CRP,VAS,and DAS28 AUC are 0.662(P=0.032),0.658(P=0.035),0.516(P=0.830),and 0.791(P=0.000),respectively.In terms of miR-486-5p,ESR,CRP,VAS,and DAS28 AUC were 0.566(P=0.385),0.511(P=0.883),0.592(P=0.223),and 0.727(P=0.003),respectively.Conclusion:The abnormal expression of circ CBLB and miR-486-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of patients with rheumatoid arthritis of spleen deficiency and dampness excess type is related to inflammatory polarization markers,immune inflammation,disease activity,joint symptoms and spleen deficiency syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis,and the low expression of circ CBLB and high expression of miR-486-5p have certain predictive value for disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis.

基于“承制从势”思想探讨中医药治疗新型冠状病毒感染的中医机理

“承制从势”思想源于“亢害承制”理论,认为机体与生俱来的“承制自稳”功能是消除“亢害之乱”的决定性力量,医疗干预当遵循“从其势,助其力”原则。新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)感染的本化病邪为具有湿毒属性的疫戾之气,多挟寒、热、燥、风等兼化病邪,治疗当“分期分型,辨证论治,宗法温病,承制从势”。直接助力宜扶正祛邪,顺从制势,旨在增强承制自稳功能并直接清除体内新冠病毒,主要治法为宣肺祛湿败毒;间接助力宜对症打援,截断病势,重视基础病治疗,意在为承制自稳功能清除体内新冠病毒创造良好生态环境,主要治法为健脾散寒通腑。痰瘀闭肺是由重转危、由闭转脱的关键病理机转,须在“承制从势”思想指导下,综合运用直接助力与间接助力的各种治疗方法。

虚实辨证对肺源性脓毒症患者预后评估

目的探索肺源性脓毒症患者的中医虚实证素特点,分析其对疾病预后的影响。方法统计该院ICU 2018年1月—2020年1月间的168例肺源性脓毒症患者,根据中医虚实辨证分为虚、实两组,比较虚证组与实证组患者休克发生率、28 d病死率、白细胞计数、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、血乳酸以及病原学结果等指标。结果168例患者中虚证组65例,实证组103例。虚证组休克发生率(23/42 vs.17/86,χ^(2)=7.830,P=0.005)及28 d病死率(23.3%vs.41.5%,χ^(2)=6.270,P=0.012)显著高于实证组。虚证组G+感染率显著低于实证组(24/37 vs.24/64),G-感染显著高于实症组(31/37 vs.40/64),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.087,P=0.024)。虚证组白细胞计数[(9.76±4.28)×10^(9)/L vs.(12.85±10.50)×10^(9)/L,t=-2.257,P=0.025]及血乳酸[1.90(1.59,2.63)vs.2.27(1.77,2.98),Z=1.382,P=0.044]均显著低于实证组。结论肺源性脓毒症虚证型者休克发生率、病死率均明显高于实证型者。扶正治疗应贯穿脓毒症整个治疗过程。

长程居家多导睡眠监测评估发作性睡病日间嗜睡的应用价值

目的探讨一种可以定量评估发作性睡病日间嗜睡严重程度的监测方法并验证其效果。方法收集2021至2022年在河北医科大学第二医院神经内科确诊的发作性睡病患者相关信息,整理患者记录的睡眠日志,所有患者均采用便携式多导睡眠记录仪进行长程居家多导睡眠监测,记录睡眠发作次数、发作时间及发作时长。结果发作性睡病患者三项睡眠量表评估分数均明显高于健康对照者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多导睡眠监测数据结果与睡眠日志在发作次数、发作时长方面结果一致。用药前后、停药后多导睡眠监测记录的发作次数均多于睡眠日志记录,多导睡眠监测记录的发作时长长于睡眠日志记录。结论长程居家多导睡眠监测可作为定量评估发作性睡病日间嗜睡的方法,评估发作性睡病病情严重程度及药物治疗的效果,提供更加客观的睡眠数据。

由“阳有余而阴不足”探讨自噬调节糖皮质激素介导的破骨分化

目前,糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids,GC)在临床上被广泛应用于抑制炎症反应与免疫系统,然而GC的长期大量应用会引起破骨细胞过度活跃,导致骨质疏松症以及相关骨折,被称为糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症(GIOP)。GIOP属于中医学“骨痿”“骨枯”的范畴,“骨痿”的发病病机与机体阴阳失衡密切相关。细胞自噬作为一种自我保护机制,对维持机体内环境平衡、调节“成骨-破骨”形成的骨稳态至关重要。成骨细胞与破骨细胞介导的骨稳态与中医理论中的阴阳自和理论不谋而合。本文基于GIOP发病的病机“阳有余而阴不足”探讨通过“调节自噬-平衡阴阳”来调控骨稳态,为防治GIOP提供新的思路。

关于超计划(定额)累进加价与用水权交易制度竞合的初步思考

超计划(定额)累进加价制度已实行多年,对于强化节约用水管理发挥了重要作用。近年来,随着用水权改革的深入推进,两项制度在对公共供水管网内非居民用水户新增用水需求的管理上形成了竞合。文章基于对用水权权利范围边界的界定,提出了超计划(定额)累进加价与用水权交易制度竞合的破解思路,并从持续深化用水权改革实践探索、深化理论研究方面提出了对策建议。

基于文献计量学分析的剩余污泥厌氧消化预处理研究进展

污水处理过程中会产生大量剩余污泥,对剩余污泥进行厌氧消化处理既能减少环境污染,又能回收能源。本文基于文献计量学方法和可视化工具,对中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science核心数据库2003—2023年间收录的相关文章进行梳理,对当前剩余污泥厌氧消化处理的研究热点领域进行比较分析,并对剩余污泥成分、理化特性和厌氧消化预处理方法进行文献综述。研究表明,剩余污泥厌氧消化产生甲烷是该处理技术的重要目的,预处理技术与剩余污泥处理存在重要关联性;物理、化学和生物酶等不同预处理技术对产沼气量有较大影响,针对污泥本身的理化性质而采用更加合适的预处理技术,能够在节约成本的同时进一步提高剩余污泥资源化利用程度。

燃料电池系统建模与供气系统控制方法

为了研究燃料电池系统的特性以及空气系统对燃料电池特性的影响,利用Simulink仿真软件对燃料电池系统进行建模,模型包括电压模型、空压机模型、阴极模型、阳极模型.分别通过前馈比例-积分-微分(proportional-integral-differential, PID)和模糊PID对燃料电池空气系统进行控制.结果表明:在负载电流变化时,前馈PID和模糊PID都能够使过氧比达到设定的常数值2.0附近,但模糊PID比前馈PID响应更快,且模糊PID控制下的燃料电池输出功率波动较小,燃料电池系统更加稳定.

管理者超额积极情绪对企业风险承担的影响研究

选取我国2010-2020年A股非金融上市公司年报作为研究样本,构建管理者超额积极情绪指标,研究管理者超额积极情绪对企业风险承担的影响以及相应的影响机制,并探究股权激励在其中的调节作用。实证研究表明,管理者超额积极情绪能促进企业风险承担;股权激励在其中起到正向调节作用,会促进管理者超额积极情绪对企业风险承担的正向影响。作用机制检验表明,管理者超额积极情绪主要通过增加债务融资和减少融资约束程度促进企业风险承担。进一步分析表明,管理者超额积极情绪对企业风险承担的促进作用在非国有企业、高机构投资者持股比例显著。

内压载荷对含缺陷管段复合材料修复效果影响研究

高含硫化氢油气管道长时间运行后,因管道环焊缝的缺陷导致管道失效的事件时常发生,通过含缺陷管道修复前与修复后的试验效果对比,分析影响修复效果的主要影响因素。试验结果表明,在管道极限内压工况下,含缺陷的环焊缝主要所受威胁主要表现为环向作用力,采用复合材料修复缺陷可增强管道的抗内压能力;修复后的管道抗屈服能力明显优于管体本身,可显著提高含缺陷环焊缝的屈服能力;管道的抗内压能力得到一定的提升。复合材料修复能在一定程度上提高管道的屈服强度及爆破压力,对于管道安全运行能起到一定的作用。

对ZYFM型油水分离器存在缺陷的分析和改进

分析了ZYFM型油水分离器的工作原理和自动控制原理,发现该型油水分离器设计上有缺陷,导致船员故意排放超标污油水。通过改进控制线路和换装气开式三通阀,消除了设计上的缺陷,彻底杜绝了船员恶意排放超标污油水的现象。该方法具有思路新、成本低、操作简单和就地取材的特点,实际应用效果显著,具有良好的市场推广前景。

金融科技能够抑制企业过度负债吗?

本文以2011—2021年中国上市公司为研究样本,采用北京大学数字普惠金融指数度量金融科技发展水平,实证检验金融科技对企业过度负债的影响。研究结果表明,金融科技能够助力银行等金融机构提升事前的信息甄别能力和加强事后的债权人监督功能,继而抑制企业过度负债行为。进一步的研究显示,金融科技对企业过度负债行为的抑制作用在国有企业和产品市场竞争程度低的行业企业中更加显著,并且金融科技能够通过抑制过度负债而降低企业债务违约风险。本文不仅在理论上丰富了金融科技影响效应和企业过度负债缓解机制的文献,而且在实践上为利用金融技术进步推动微观企业优化资本结构,助力实体经济高质量发展提供了依据。