Heating and Cooling Performance of Earth-Tube Heat Exchanger in a Mechanical Ventilated Farrowing House

Earth tempering of stable air has attracted great attention as a sustainable air conditioning method in pig houses. At summer time air cooling of income air strongly reduces heat stress and required ventilation rate. At winter time heating costs can be reduced. The effect of air condition using geothermal energy was investigated in a farrowing house. Underneath the foundation of the farrowing house 88 non perforated ribbed tubes （diameter： 20 cm） were piped in a depth of 1.6-2.0 m. Over a period of 12 month following data were recorded at hourly intervals and analyzed： outside air temperature, as well as air temperature in the air supply duct and in the compartments. Incoming air （supply duct） was heated up to 20 ℃ during winter time and in summer time cooled by up to 15 ℃ compared to the outside air temperature. In contrast to the outside air diurnal variation, temperature fluctuations of the incoming air were reduced by 90%. Due to cooling of the incoming air at summer time the stable inside temperature could be limited to maximal 29 ℃（maximum outside temperature was 35℃）. Earth-tube heat exchangers with non perforated ribbed tubes were very efficient for air conditioning in farrowing houses. They were a cost effective supplement for sustainable cooling and heating of farrowing houses.

Influence of site selection on natural ventilation in Chinese traditional folk house

The relationship between the site selection of a hilly terrain and the natural ventilation of the Dangdamen building complex,which is a traditional folk house,is revealed by a computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation.The wind press and speed distributions around the building in four cases with different weather conditions and topographies are simulated.The simulation results show that a hill can reduce the absolute values of the wind pressure at the windward and leeward sides of the building.The encouraging effect of the patio on the natural ventilation in a terrain with a hill is greater than that without a hill.The same situation occurs when comparing the patio effects between summer and winter.The wind speed around the building can be reduced by the hill as it is an obstacle and the degrees of the influence of the hill in summer and in winter are quite different because of different wind directions.The analysis results show that this kind of site selection,with the hill to the north,is a suitable way to settle the conflict of the natural ventilation requirements in summer and in winter under subtropical climate conditions,especially in houses with patios.

Mosquito larva distribution and natural Wolbachia infection in campus areas of Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand

Objective:To determine the prevalence of mosquito larvae in campus areas and the infection rate of endosymbiotic bacteria,Wolbachia in mosquito larvae.Method:The mosquito larvae samples were collected in residential areas and academic buildings of Suranaree University of Technology located in Northeastern Thailand during 2017-2018.Mosquito species identification was performed using GLOBE mosquito protocols and Rattanarithikul&Panthusiri’s keys.The gene encoding for the surface protein of Wolbachia was amplified by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing.Results:Armigeres sp.is the highest proportion of mosquito larvae followed by Culex spp.,Aedes albopictus,Aedes aegypti,and Toxorynchites spp.,respectively.Aedes aegypti have breeding sites mostly in the containers found indoors,whereas the main breeding sites of Aedes albopictus were found in both outdoors and indoors.The House Index and Breteau Index for Aedes spp.was more than 5%and 20%,respectively,in both areas,indicating that these areas are dengue sensitive.The highest proportion of Wolbachia infection was found in the larvae of Culex spp.(86.21%),followed by Aedes albopictus(69.23%)and rarely detected in Aedes aegypti(9.09%).Conclusion:The present study reported the first natural infection of Wolbachia in mosquito larvae in Thailand.Our result suggested that the mosquito species containing higher proportion of Wolbachia are less likely to be vectors for dengue.Therefore,Wolbachia transfection in mosquito larvae could be applied as a biocontrol for dengue and other mosquito-borne disease prevention.

Incorporating the Built Environment Interactions into Spatial Pattern Models to Understand Urban Metabolism in Tokyo＇s Residential Area

In Tokyo, as residential areas exist in the urban areas and are composed of areas owned by individual land owners, basically spatial changes are brought by redevelopments of each sites conducted by individual circumstances and motivations. Continuous redevelopments and spatial changes can be found dispersedly in areas. Once the spatial change in a certain site occurred in an area as a building, it will be contained in the built environment of the residential area which is defined by residents, planners and designers who will take part in the following spatial changes. In Tokyo, public transportation facilities are well developed, and residents＇ daily life involves activities such as a slow walking and bicycle, etc. around the place of residence near the public transportation hubs, each living territories are formed in this kind of manner. Considering the maintenance of spatial value in residential areas while understanding transformation of visual local environment in residential areas which focuses on appearance of each spatial change in an area of street will be of significant importance. In this paper, the authors try to describe interactions of spatial changes in existing urban residential areas focusing on utility of players who might take part in the following spatial changes and the method of discrete choice model.

THE SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF A PROPOSED‘HYDRONIC RADIATOR’SYSTEM TOWARDS LOW COST HOUSING OPERATION IN TEMPERATE AND HOT TROPICAL CLIMATES

Fuel poverty is one of the global concerns affecting not only users’financial capacity or affordability for maintaining housing operation but also the occupants’health and wellbeing.Space heating and cooling require a relatively large amount of domestic energy use in housing.Therefore,this study was formed with the aim to propose an innovative approach to utilising free,clean renewable sources of energy applicable to the space heating and cooling of housing in both cold and hot regions.Accordingly,housing test facilities based in Melbourne,Australia,and Kuching,Malaysia,were selected and used for this study that examined the thermal performance of a proposed‘hydronic radiator’(HR)system through simulation and onsite measurements.The geothermal heat capacity of a‘vertical ground heat exchanger’(VGHE)installed in the house in Melbourne was examined previously by the authors and the VGHE measured data was also applied to this HR performance simulation.The water that circulates through the HRs is heated by sunlight and VGHE or cooled by night sky radiation.This study drew conclusions that the sole utilisation of renewable sources through these proposed HR space heating and cooling systems can provide thermally accessible or comfortable indoor living environments in both heating or cooling dominant regions.Thus,fuel poverty issues may be alleviated through HR system application.The HRs can remove a‘sensible’portion of metabolic heat,but they cannot effectively contribute to the‘latent’heat removal.Thus,the future potential use or effect of‘flow-through’HRs,which are integrated into a underfloor air distribution(UFAD)plenum,was also dsicussed in this study.In the test house located in Melbourne,the flow-through HR UFAD system is currently under development.Therefore,the performance will be measured once the system has come into operation for further testing.

基于感性工学的献血场所设计建设实践与探索——以武汉为例

随着我国人口老龄化加速、医疗技术进步以及对健康需求的增加,血液供需矛盾日益突出,无偿献血对于临床医疗救治的重要意义愈发凸显。献血场所作为连接献血者和临床病患的生命纽带,是落实无偿献血制度的空间载体,更是城市血脉延续不可取代的重要基础设施。献血场所的规划布局与设计建设关乎血液采集效能、城市规划布局和文明形象展示,深刻影响人民群众生命健康、城市医疗卫生发展和社会和谐进步。武汉作为中部中心城市和医疗之都,献血场所的规划建设尤为重要。武汉血液中心将“感性工学”理念引入献血场所规划建设,构建与市民共鸣、与城市共生、与未来共振的城市献血空间,有助于优化献血体验、保障献血事业可持续发展、提升城市质感温度,为健康中国建设和无偿献血事业高质量发展赋予更多人文底色。

冷季不同饲养方式对牦牛生长性能及脂肪沉积的影响

为研究冷季不同饲养方式(自然放牧与异地舍饲育肥)对青海高原型牦牛生长性能及脂肪沉积的影响,试验将9头18月龄、自然放牧、体重相近[(142.45±2.65) kg]的公牦牛随机分为3组,分别为18月龄放牧组、24月龄放牧组和24月龄异地舍饲育肥组,每组3头,18月龄放牧组于试验开始前屠宰,24月龄放牧组继续随原群体进行自然放牧(海拔为3 500 m),24月龄异地舍饲育肥组于低海拔(海拔为2 200 m)进行异地舍饲育肥,试验时间为2020年10月1日至2021年3月31日。试验开始后每月最后一天测定并记录24月龄放牧组和24月龄异地舍饲育肥组的空腹体重,并根据初重和末重计算总增重及平均日增重;各组屠宰前于颈静脉采血,分离血清,测定血清中的瘦素质量浓度,脂蛋白酯酶、脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性及激素敏感脂肪酶质量浓度;取背部皮下脂肪,固定后制作石蜡切片,并进行苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色,测定脂肪细胞形态参数(脂肪细胞长径、短径、平均直径和密度)。结果表明:24月龄异地舍饲育肥组末重、总增重和平均日增重均极显著高于24月龄放牧组(P<0.01)。24月龄异地舍饲育肥组血清中瘦素质量浓度及脂蛋白酯酶、脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性极显著高于其他两组(P<0.01),激素敏感脂肪酶质量浓度极显著低于其他两组(P<0.01);18月龄放牧组瘦素质量浓度及脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性极显著高于24月龄放牧组(P<0.01),脂蛋白酯酶活性和激素敏感脂肪酶质量浓度两组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。24月龄异地舍饲育肥组背部皮下脂肪细胞长径、短径和平均直径显著或极显著高于其他两组(P<0.01或P<0.05),脂肪细胞密度极显著低于其他两组(P<0.01);18月龄放牧组背部皮下脂肪细胞长径和平均直径显著或极显著高于24月龄放牧组(P<0.01或P<0.05),脂肪细胞密度极显著高于24月龄放牧组(P<0.01)。说明冷季异地舍饲育肥可以提升牦牛的生长性能,改善牦牛机体脂肪的沉积。

面向城市一线务工人员的保障性租赁住房区位选址研究

大力发展保障性租赁住房是我国“十四五”时期住房建设的重点,关注城市一线务工人员的住房保障需求,尤其是建设供给符合这类人群住房特征需求的租赁住房,成为目前亟待解决的问题。在总结国内外面向这类人群住房供应相关经验的基础上,基于对建筑、环卫、绿化养护、快递等行业的城市一线务工人员的问卷调查,分析总结这类人群的住房区位共性需求,构建了生活性、便利性、经济性、发展性四维度加权总和的区位选址模型,利用上海市的相关数据进行实证分析,提出要紧密结合就业机会区域、优先考虑在社会经济密度比较集中、交通条件比较好的地段镶嵌式散点状形成此类保障住房空间供应,并合理控制每处供应规模;在房源分配管理上要因时因地动态调整提高区位房源供给的适配性,此外还应整合多方管理服务的配套支持,提高保障供应效果,实现住房保障发展的初衷和城市化发展的战略目标,为政府住房保障部门在面向城市一线务工人员的保障性租赁住房项目中的选址评估与审批提供参考。

基于活态保护理论的长城遗址文化博物馆设计研究

如何延续遗址在当今社会的生命力是建设长城遗址文化博物馆所需要思考的问题。通过文献考证与现场踏勘,基于长城遗址保护中存在着遗址本体与当今社会发展、与遗址辐射区关联破碎化的问题,将活态保护理论引入其中,形成了关于长城遗址文化博物馆的设计思路,并将其应用到石峡长城民居博物馆的具体设计实践中,使其兼具互动休闲性、文化科普性与社会经济性,激发长城遗址在当代的生命力,以期为其他遗址保护与同类型博物馆设计提供参考。

入城归乡:建造技术的“洄游”——上海、宁波周边近代营造厂经营者自宅建造技艺与遗产价值研究初探

近代营造厂经营者的流动,是推动近代技术在不同地域间、城乡之间传播的动力之一。依托大城市营造厂经营者返回乡村后的自宅建造实践,近代建筑技术得以产生一条渗透至乡村的可能路径。文章针对上海、宁波周边的营造厂经营者自宅建造实践展开研究,以此讨论近代建造技术与工艺在城乡间流动的问题;落脚于营造厂经营者自宅的遗产价值问题,讨论其作为技术“样本”的保存对建造模式、工艺的留存等遗产保护工作的重要性。

日本服务型老年公寓入住者的入住理由及位置选择分析——基于岐阜县、爱知县和东京都入住老人的调研数据

通过对日本岐阜县、爱知县、东京都三个区域的服务型老年公寓的入住老人进行问卷调研,解析老人的入住理由和服务型老年公寓位置选择模式,提出合理规划建设服务型老年公寓的策略建议。结果显示老人在选择服务型老年公寓时,重视离自己及子女居住地近的要素,并在实际入住时,呈现相同趋势。城市化水平不同的区域,入住老人的护理等级,入住理由和服务型老年公寓位置选择模式呈现差异性。根据区域特征差异,分别提出相应规划建设策略。在我国老龄化程度日益严峻的社会背景之下,探讨日本服务型老年公寓的规划建设策略,从中汲取经验,对完善我国老年公寓规划建设,实现老年人居住环境高质量发展具有重要的启示意义。

离岸式水库泵站结构设计要点

离岸式泵站是水库取水工程中的一种新颖的特殊形式,受水库的复杂地形、环境保护以及施工条件的限制,结构设计中有诸多难点。结合某离岸式水库取水泵站项目,针对泵站场地设计、水上泵房、水上围堰设计以及进场道路等设计要点,从安全性、经济性和可靠性三方面进行多方案比较研究。提出了环保土工格栅式挡土墙、圆形全方位吊车梁、水上PC工法桩结合贝雷架的围堰、填方区预制挡土墙等创新工法,为类似的工程提高参考。

房屋建筑工程施工现场有效管理

指出房屋建筑工程施工现场的有效管理有助于提升施工企业市场竞争力,实现经济效益与社会效益双赢,提高土建施工的环保性与安全性。针对房屋建筑工程施工现场管理存在的人员不专业、制度不完善、管理意识薄弱等问题,提出要完善施工现场安全、质量、扬尘、文明施工管理制度以及各项例会与例行检查制度,并以人为抓手抓好施工材料回收、现场安全生产与环境治理,切实保证房屋建筑工程土建部分高质高效实施。

Z型承插型盘扣式钢管满堂支撑体系在桥梁现浇箱梁施工中的应用

本文通过具体工程实例,将Z型承插型盘扣式钢管作为桥梁现浇混凝土箱梁满堂支撑体系的经验进行总结,给出了支撑体系的设计参数取值、工艺参数及构造要求,并对施工流程、施工方法、安全保证措施等进行了说明,供同类项目参考。

房建工程施工技术及现场施工管理策略

在房屋建筑工程的施工过程中做好技术管理工作以及现场管理工作,既可以更大程度地发挥各类先进施工技术的作用,又可以提升房屋建筑工程的总体质量。本文将依据相关工作经验以及研究成果,从多个角度分别探讨房屋建筑工程施工管理工作中存在的问题、主要施工技术的类型以及具体的优化策略。希望通过本文的分析与探讨,可以为更多的房屋建筑工程施工单位提供参考。

基于公共交通导向下的保障性住房选址布局优化研究——以广东省深圳市为例

随着深圳市几十年的快速城镇化建设进程,大量新增人口的引入加快了城市发展步伐,提升了城市活力,但也带来新增居住供应难以匹配需求、居住生活成本推高等负面效应。保障性住房作为未来深圳市新增住房的主要供给渠道之一,在提供住房供应、保障社会民生等方面都将发挥更加重要的作用,本文将通过研究公共交通与保障性住房布局的空间关系,为未来优化保障性住房的规划选址、提高保障性住房群体的居住满意度提供研究参考。

基于智能化时代的房建工程施工技术及现场管理研究

随着现代科学技术的不断发展,房建工程技术得到持续的更新和进步。为保障房建工程建设质量,需要充分把握具体施工技术和现场管理等关键环节。基于此。文章主要研究了房建工程中的先进施工技术,并对现场施工管理提出了有效策略,旨在为当前房建工程项目提供综合性的施工技术和管理方法,提高房建工程施工质量和管理水平。

建筑房建工程施工现场安全管理探讨

现如今,房屋建筑工程数量逐渐增多,规模也不断扩大,人们在关注工程整体品质的同时也十分注重施工现场安全管理。在施工现场管理过程中,施工单位应制定完善的安全管理措施,切实提高施工现场安全水平,科学预防各种施工安全风险,确保房建工程施工顺利推进。本文主要对建筑房建工程施工现场安全管理情况进行探讨,以期为整体房建施工顺利实施提供保障。

Estimating the air exchange rates in naturally ventilated cattle houses using Bayesian-optimized GBDT

It is challenging to estimate the air exchange rate(AER)dynamically in naturally ventilated livestock buildings such as dairy houses due to the influence of complex and variable outdoor environmental factors,large opening ratios,and the confusion of inflow and outflow at openings.This makes it difficult to efficiently regulate the opening ratio to meet the ventilation requirements in naturally ventilated livestock buildings.In this study,the air exchange rates of naturally ventilated cattle houses(NVCHs)in different seasons and opening ratios were obtained through field measurements and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations.A fast and efficient machine learning framework was proposed and examined to predict AER based on the gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)combined with Bayesian optimization.Compared with commonly used machine learning models such as multilayer perceptrons(MLPs)and support vector machines(SVMs),the proposed GBDT model has higher prediction accuracy and can avoid falling easily into local optima.Compared with the existing mechanical model based on the Bernoulli equation,the proposed GBDT model showed a slightly higher prediction than the mechanistic model and was much easier to use in AER estimation when inputting easily collected environmental factors in practical applications.Using Bayesian optimization could dramatically reduce the computing time when determining the optimal hyperparameter for establishing the GBDT model,dramatically saving on computing resources.Based on the Bayesian optimized GBDT model,the desirable opening ratio of the side curtain can be determined for automatically regulating the AER of cattle houses in future applications.

房建工程施工现场技术管理现状及应对措施

房建工程施工现场技术管理是确保施工质量、安全和效率的关键环节。近年来,受技术发展、市场变化和多方面因素的影响,现场技术管理面临许多新的挑战。本文分析了当前房建工程施工现场技术管理的现状,包括材料管理、资料管理、技术控制和安全管理等方面的问题,并提出了相应的应对措施,如加强技术交流、技术文件的电子化管理、严格执行技术标准和加强新技术研究等,以期为相关工作人员提供参考借鉴。