Understanding the excluded volume of anisotropic particle is of great importance in the evaluation of continuum percolation and random packing behaviors of soft/hard particle systems in heterogeneous disordered media....Understanding the excluded volume of anisotropic particle is of great importance in the evaluation of continuum percolation and random packing behaviors of soft/hard particle systems in heterogeneous disordered media.In this work,we obtain the excluded volumes of several anisotropic convex particles including prolate spheroids,oblate spheroids,spherocylinders,and Platonic particles,using theoretical and numerical approaches.According to the second virial coefficient,we first present a theoretical scheme for determining the excluded volumes of anisotropic particles.Also,the mean tangent diameters of anisotropic convex particles are formulated by the quantitative stereology.Subsequently,Monte Carlo simulations are demonstrated to numerically evaluate the excluded volumes.The theoretical results of the dimensionless excluded volume are thereafter compared with that of the numerical results to verify the validity of the theoretical scheme.We further investigate the dependence of the dimensionless excluded volume on the geometric characteristics of anisotropic particles based on the proposed theoretical and numerical schemes.Results show that the dimensionless excluded volume mainly relies on the shape and surface information of anisotropic particles.The developed theoretical and numerical schemes can provide theoretical insights into the percolation threshold and packing density of soft/hard anisotropic particle systems in heterogeneous materials,physics,and chemistry fields.展开更多
A theoretical model for the translocation process of biomacromolecule is developed based on the self-consistent field theory (SCFT), where the biomacromolecule is regarded as a self-avoiding polymer chain actuated b...A theoretical model for the translocation process of biomacromolecule is developed based on the self-consistent field theory (SCFT), where the biomacromolecule is regarded as a self-avoiding polymer chain actuated by the external potential. In this theoretical model, the external potential, the Coulomb electrostatic potential of the charged ions (the electrolyte effect), and the attractive interaction between the polymer and the nanopore (the excluded volume effect) are all considered, which have effects on the free energy landscape and conformation entropy during the translocation stage. The result shows that the entropy barrier of the polymer in the solution with high valence electrolyte is much larger than that with low valence electrolyte under the same condition, leading to that the translocation time of the DNA molecules in the solution increases when the valence electrolyte increases. In addition, the attractive interaction between the polymer and the nanopore increases the free energy of the polymer, which means that the probability of the translocation through the nanopore increases. The average translocation time decreases when the excluded volume effect parameter increases. The electrolyte effect can prolong the average translocation time. The simulation results agree well with the available experimental results.展开更多
Dear Sir,Ocular trauma is a topic of unresolved controversies and there are continuous controversial and debatable diagnostic and management strategies for open-globe injuries[1].Amongst many types of ocular trauma,th...Dear Sir,Ocular trauma is a topic of unresolved controversies and there are continuous controversial and debatable diagnostic and management strategies for open-globe injuries[1].Amongst many types of ocular trauma,the open globe injury is the most serious due to its very poor visual prognosis and young population of patients are mostly affected[2].The treatment outcome may be improved by prompt diagnosis,and immediate surgical repair performed to high standard[3].Amongst the other clinical signs the intraocular pressure(IOP)is found to be particularly reduced and conventionally this is considered as a very reliable indicator of occult globe展开更多
One of the mainly interesting things of matroid theory is the representability of a matroid. Finding the set of all excluded minors for the representability is the solution of the representability. In 2000, Geelen, Ge...One of the mainly interesting things of matroid theory is the representability of a matroid. Finding the set of all excluded minors for the representability is the solution of the representability. In 2000, Geelen, Gerards and Kapoor proved that is the complete set of GF(4)-representability. In this paper, we show that is an excluded minor for GF(4)-representability.展开更多
This work investigates the effects of the excluded volume and especially those of the chain stiffness on the structural and dynamical properties of a model polymer chain. The theoretical framework is the same as in th...This work investigates the effects of the excluded volume and especially those of the chain stiffness on the structural and dynamical properties of a model polymer chain. The theoretical framework is the same as in the recent works by Steinhauser et al., where a Rouse approach is adopted. Our model differs in that our chains have a finite average bending angle. As in the works by Steinhauser et al., Langevin dynamic simulations were performed without hydrodynamic interactions. Whereas this doesn't impact the static properties we obtain, it also allows us to compare our results on dynamic properties to those predicted by Rouse theory, where hydrodynamic interactions are also neglected. Our results show that the structural properties are very sensitive to the chain stiffness, whereas the dynamic scaling laws remain the same as those by Rouse theory, with the prefactor depending on the persistence length.展开更多
In order to prevent public hearings from becoming a farce,the city of Guangzhou,capital of south China’s Guangdong Province,enacted trial regulations to ensure more fairness and justice at public hearings,which are o...In order to prevent public hearings from becoming a farce,the city of Guangzhou,capital of south China’s Guangdong Province,enacted trial regulations to ensure more fairness and justice at public hearings,which are organized when local residents have major disagreements on important city issues.展开更多
The method of scoring kidney deficiency symptoms and bone density was used to judge therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis of traditional kidney-tonifying drugs. It was proved that the drugs not only improved clinical s...The method of scoring kidney deficiency symptoms and bone density was used to judge therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis of traditional kidney-tonifying drugs. It was proved that the drugs not only improved clinical symptoms but also delayed the developmental pro-cess of this disorder. It also verified the correctness of the traditional theory that the kidney dominates the bone and generates the marrow.展开更多
Uroschesis is manifested by. incompleteness or difficulty in urination or even incapability of urination. Clinically, the symptoms include retention of urine and anuria induced by a variety of causes. In this study, t...Uroschesis is manifested by. incompleteness or difficulty in urination or even incapability of urination. Clinically, the symptoms include retention of urine and anuria induced by a variety of causes. In this study, the patients with anuria or oliguria due to lesions of renal parenchyma or renal failure were excluded. Using acupuncture, the author had treated 36 cases of functional uroshesis with satisfactory results as reported in the following.展开更多
We report our experience with potential donors for living donor liver transplantation(LDLT), which is the first report from an area where there is no legalized deceased donation program. This is a single center retros...We report our experience with potential donors for living donor liver transplantation(LDLT), which is the first report from an area where there is no legalized deceased donation program. This is a single center retrospective analysis of potential living donors(n = 1004) between May 2004 and December 2012. This report focuses on the analysis of causes, duration, cost, and various implications of donor exclusion(n = 792).Most of the transplant candidates(82.3%) had an experience with more than one excluded donor(median = 3). Some recipients travelled abroad for a deceased donor transplant(n = 12) and some died before finding a suitable donor(n = 14). The evaluation of an excluded donor is a time-consuming process(median = 3 d, range 1 d to 47 d). It is also a costly process with a median cost of approximately 70 USD(range 35 USD to 885 USD). From these results, living donor exclusion has negative implications on the patients and transplant program with ethical dilemmas and an economic impact. Many strategies are adopted by other centers to expand the donor pool; however, they are not all applicable in our locality. We conclude that an active legalized deceased donor transplantation program is necessary to overcome the shortage of available liver grafts in Egypt.展开更多
The viscosity behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)has been determined at 25℃ in mixed solvents comprising water/dimethylformamide(DMF)and water/methanol(MeOH).Analysis of the data has considered the PVP as being bot...The viscosity behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)has been determined at 25℃ in mixed solvents comprising water/dimethylformamide(DMF)and water/methanol(MeOH).Analysis of the data has considered the PVP as being both host and guest polymer in solution.The intrinsic viscosity of PVP in DMF is higher than in water and in MeOH,but also increases in a mixed solvent with high water content because of the effect of polymer-solvent interactions.It was also found that the intrinsic viscosity of PVP at finite concentration,[η_(pvp)]_c decreases with an increase in the concentration of PVP in solution.The viscosity behavior of PVP in a mixed solvent is affected by the concentration-dependent intermolecular excluded volume effect,which can be quantitatively expressed by the parameter,b_Y,which reflects the shrinkage of PVP chain coils,resulting in a decrease of[η_(pvp)]_c.The effect of temperature on the viscosity behavior of PVP in MeOH shows that the interaction parameter increases up to a maximum value,and then decreases after a certain temperature.展开更多
Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the classification problem of all 256 elementary cellular automata is discussed from the point of view of time series generated ...Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the classification problem of all 256 elementary cellular automata is discussed from the point of view of time series generated by them,and examples in each class are provided to explain the methods used.展开更多
In order to increase the expression of mdrl genetransfectcd using retroviral vcctors, we constructedtwo retroviral vectors (LmdrlSN and MSCV-mdrl)containing mdrl cDNA and compared the expressionof mdrl gene with anoth...In order to increase the expression of mdrl genetransfectcd using retroviral vcctors, we constructedtwo retroviral vectors (LmdrlSN and MSCV-mdrl)containing mdrl cDNA and compared the expressionof mdrl gene with another vector pHamdrl/A(Pastan et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 4486,1986) in NIH.3T3 cells. The LmdrlSN was made展开更多
Hydride generation (HG)technique has been widely used for the determination of volatile hydride forming elements by atomic spectroscopy since Holak reported the determination of arsenic with this technique using atomi...Hydride generation (HG)technique has been widely used for the determination of volatile hydride forming elements by atomic spectroscopy since Holak reported the determination of arsenic with this technique using atomic absorption spectrometry in 1969. The most commonly used展开更多
Mining and smelting processes are among the key sources of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting in dramatic disturbances and loss of biodiversity. Native plants growing naturally in hostile mining environments...Mining and smelting processes are among the key sources of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting in dramatic disturbances and loss of biodiversity. Native plants growing naturally in hostile mining environments can be used for management, decontamination and possible rehabilitation of polluted soils. These plants are either excluders or accumulators based on their Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF). This, therefore requires identification of native plants that are able to accumulate heavy metals in their plant tissues at concentrations higher than that in the soil in which they are growing. This study investigated the phytoremediation potential of indigenous plants growing at the tailings dams of Nchanga Mine in Chingola, Zambia. TD4 and a site 50 m away from TD4 were sampled as Sampling Areas One (1) and Two (2), respectively. TD4 was divided into four quadrants and three plots from each quadrant were randomly sampled. Three plots from each of the two quadrants from Sampling Area Two were also sampled. Composite soil samples were collected from the plots and a total of 175 individuals of 16 grass and herbaceous plant species were collected and analysed. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentrations of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in the soils and plant specimens. The findings of the study showed that the concentrations of Cu and Zn in the soil ranged from 891.41 mg/kg to 15,617.47 mg/kg and 20.73 mg/kg to 96.85 mg/kg, respectively. Arthraxonquartinianus had the highest concentration of Cu (1016.8 mg/kg) while Cyperusrotundus had the lowest (29.35 mg/kg). Arthraxonquartinianus had the highest concentration of Zn (192.8 mg/kg) and Crinum had the lowest (28.24 mg/kg). BAF values for Cu were less than 1 in all the plants and BAF values for Zn were highest in Arthraxonquartinianus (10.77) with Crinum having the lowest BAF of 0.01. The Bioaccumulation Factors indicated that all the plant species studied are Cu excluders;and with the exception of Crinum, all were Zn accumulators and Arthraxonquartinianus, a hyperaccumulator of Zn.展开更多
Introduction: A transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect(ASD)with the Amplatzer septal occluder(ASO)is a newperspective non-surgical method of treatment of this congenitalheart defect.The aim of the study was to ...Introduction: A transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect(ASD)with the Amplatzer septal occluder(ASO)is a newperspective non-surgical method of treatment of this congenitalheart defect.The aim of the study was to determine the rate of suitable defectsfur this new non-surgical techuique.Patients and methods:From9/95-9/97,77 patients with secundum ASD underwent an attemptat transcatheter closure;.at a median age of 9.3 yr.(range,2.1-43.5 yr.)and meaian weight of 32 kg(range,13-68kg).The most important echocardiograghic criteria for successfulctosure are sufficient rims around the defect,diameter ot medefect and total length of atrial septum.3 pts which not fulfilcriteria were excluded from transthoracic echocardiograpny(TTE).11 pts were excluded from transesophageal TTE,2 ptswere excluded during intervention.we evaluate this results anacompare it with the values frrom perioperative morphomethry otASD’s in 353 patients who underwent surgety(years-90).Results:The medlian ASD size measured by TEE was 11.7 mm(range,5-23 mm)and the median stretched diameter was 13.9mm(range,5-24 mm).All devices were placed correctly.Therewas no complication related to the closure.On a median follow-up interval of 8.5 months(range 0.4-2.2 yr)there has been noepisodes of endocarditis,thromboembofism or wire fracture and58/61 pts(95%)had complete closure,as assessed by TTE.Conclusion From 77 patiehts 61 fulfil criteria and successfullyunderwent a transcathter closure of ASD,which represents 79%.In 353 patients who underwent surgery authors compare the areaof the defect and the septal area.278 pts(78%)had suitabledefect for transcatheter closure.We conclude that a new selfexpandable,repositionable ASO is affording a safe and defectivemethod to close small-large secundum ASD’s.Suitable defectsfor this procedure are in the majority(up to 80%)of patients withsecundum ASD.展开更多
基金The authors acknowledge financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(Grant No.11402076)Natural Science Foundation Project for Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20130841)+5 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Grant Nos.2014M560385 and 2015T80493)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment(Grant No.GZ1405)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin(Grant No.IWHR-SKL-201511)the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials(Grant No.CM2014-03)Jiangsu Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project(Grant No.1402053C)Research Special of the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(Grant No.KY1640).
文摘Understanding the excluded volume of anisotropic particle is of great importance in the evaluation of continuum percolation and random packing behaviors of soft/hard particle systems in heterogeneous disordered media.In this work,we obtain the excluded volumes of several anisotropic convex particles including prolate spheroids,oblate spheroids,spherocylinders,and Platonic particles,using theoretical and numerical approaches.According to the second virial coefficient,we first present a theoretical scheme for determining the excluded volumes of anisotropic particles.Also,the mean tangent diameters of anisotropic convex particles are formulated by the quantitative stereology.Subsequently,Monte Carlo simulations are demonstrated to numerically evaluate the excluded volumes.The theoretical results of the dimensionless excluded volume are thereafter compared with that of the numerical results to verify the validity of the theoretical scheme.We further investigate the dependence of the dimensionless excluded volume on the geometric characteristics of anisotropic particles based on the proposed theoretical and numerical schemes.Results show that the dimensionless excluded volume mainly relies on the shape and surface information of anisotropic particles.The developed theoretical and numerical schemes can provide theoretical insights into the percolation threshold and packing density of soft/hard anisotropic particle systems in heterogeneous materials,physics,and chemistry fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51375090)
文摘A theoretical model for the translocation process of biomacromolecule is developed based on the self-consistent field theory (SCFT), where the biomacromolecule is regarded as a self-avoiding polymer chain actuated by the external potential. In this theoretical model, the external potential, the Coulomb electrostatic potential of the charged ions (the electrolyte effect), and the attractive interaction between the polymer and the nanopore (the excluded volume effect) are all considered, which have effects on the free energy landscape and conformation entropy during the translocation stage. The result shows that the entropy barrier of the polymer in the solution with high valence electrolyte is much larger than that with low valence electrolyte under the same condition, leading to that the translocation time of the DNA molecules in the solution increases when the valence electrolyte increases. In addition, the attractive interaction between the polymer and the nanopore increases the free energy of the polymer, which means that the probability of the translocation through the nanopore increases. The average translocation time decreases when the excluded volume effect parameter increases. The electrolyte effect can prolong the average translocation time. The simulation results agree well with the available experimental results.
文摘Dear Sir,Ocular trauma is a topic of unresolved controversies and there are continuous controversial and debatable diagnostic and management strategies for open-globe injuries[1].Amongst many types of ocular trauma,the open globe injury is the most serious due to its very poor visual prognosis and young population of patients are mostly affected[2].The treatment outcome may be improved by prompt diagnosis,and immediate surgical repair performed to high standard[3].Amongst the other clinical signs the intraocular pressure(IOP)is found to be particularly reduced and conventionally this is considered as a very reliable indicator of occult globe
文摘One of the mainly interesting things of matroid theory is the representability of a matroid. Finding the set of all excluded minors for the representability is the solution of the representability. In 2000, Geelen, Gerards and Kapoor proved that is the complete set of GF(4)-representability. In this paper, we show that is an excluded minor for GF(4)-representability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10572056)
文摘This work investigates the effects of the excluded volume and especially those of the chain stiffness on the structural and dynamical properties of a model polymer chain. The theoretical framework is the same as in the recent works by Steinhauser et al., where a Rouse approach is adopted. Our model differs in that our chains have a finite average bending angle. As in the works by Steinhauser et al., Langevin dynamic simulations were performed without hydrodynamic interactions. Whereas this doesn't impact the static properties we obtain, it also allows us to compare our results on dynamic properties to those predicted by Rouse theory, where hydrodynamic interactions are also neglected. Our results show that the structural properties are very sensitive to the chain stiffness, whereas the dynamic scaling laws remain the same as those by Rouse theory, with the prefactor depending on the persistence length.
文摘In order to prevent public hearings from becoming a farce,the city of Guangzhou,capital of south China’s Guangdong Province,enacted trial regulations to ensure more fairness and justice at public hearings,which are organized when local residents have major disagreements on important city issues.
文摘The method of scoring kidney deficiency symptoms and bone density was used to judge therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis of traditional kidney-tonifying drugs. It was proved that the drugs not only improved clinical symptoms but also delayed the developmental pro-cess of this disorder. It also verified the correctness of the traditional theory that the kidney dominates the bone and generates the marrow.
文摘Uroschesis is manifested by. incompleteness or difficulty in urination or even incapability of urination. Clinically, the symptoms include retention of urine and anuria induced by a variety of causes. In this study, the patients with anuria or oliguria due to lesions of renal parenchyma or renal failure were excluded. Using acupuncture, the author had treated 36 cases of functional uroshesis with satisfactory results as reported in the following.
文摘We report our experience with potential donors for living donor liver transplantation(LDLT), which is the first report from an area where there is no legalized deceased donation program. This is a single center retrospective analysis of potential living donors(n = 1004) between May 2004 and December 2012. This report focuses on the analysis of causes, duration, cost, and various implications of donor exclusion(n = 792).Most of the transplant candidates(82.3%) had an experience with more than one excluded donor(median = 3). Some recipients travelled abroad for a deceased donor transplant(n = 12) and some died before finding a suitable donor(n = 14). The evaluation of an excluded donor is a time-consuming process(median = 3 d, range 1 d to 47 d). It is also a costly process with a median cost of approximately 70 USD(range 35 USD to 885 USD). From these results, living donor exclusion has negative implications on the patients and transplant program with ethical dilemmas and an economic impact. Many strategies are adopted by other centers to expand the donor pool; however, they are not all applicable in our locality. We conclude that an active legalized deceased donor transplantation program is necessary to overcome the shortage of available liver grafts in Egypt.
文摘The viscosity behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)has been determined at 25℃ in mixed solvents comprising water/dimethylformamide(DMF)and water/methanol(MeOH).Analysis of the data has considered the PVP as being both host and guest polymer in solution.The intrinsic viscosity of PVP in DMF is higher than in water and in MeOH,but also increases in a mixed solvent with high water content because of the effect of polymer-solvent interactions.It was also found that the intrinsic viscosity of PVP at finite concentration,[η_(pvp)]_c decreases with an increase in the concentration of PVP in solution.The viscosity behavior of PVP in a mixed solvent is affected by the concentration-dependent intermolecular excluded volume effect,which can be quantitatively expressed by the parameter,b_Y,which reflects the shrinkage of PVP chain coils,resulting in a decrease of[η_(pvp)]_c.The effect of temperature on the viscosity behavior of PVP in MeOH shows that the interaction parameter increases up to a maximum value,and then decreases after a certain temperature.
文摘Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the classification problem of all 256 elementary cellular automata is discussed from the point of view of time series generated by them,and examples in each class are provided to explain the methods used.
文摘In order to increase the expression of mdrl genetransfectcd using retroviral vcctors, we constructedtwo retroviral vectors (LmdrlSN and MSCV-mdrl)containing mdrl cDNA and compared the expressionof mdrl gene with another vector pHamdrl/A(Pastan et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 4486,1986) in NIH.3T3 cells. The LmdrlSN was made
文摘Hydride generation (HG)technique has been widely used for the determination of volatile hydride forming elements by atomic spectroscopy since Holak reported the determination of arsenic with this technique using atomic absorption spectrometry in 1969. The most commonly used
文摘Mining and smelting processes are among the key sources of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting in dramatic disturbances and loss of biodiversity. Native plants growing naturally in hostile mining environments can be used for management, decontamination and possible rehabilitation of polluted soils. These plants are either excluders or accumulators based on their Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF). This, therefore requires identification of native plants that are able to accumulate heavy metals in their plant tissues at concentrations higher than that in the soil in which they are growing. This study investigated the phytoremediation potential of indigenous plants growing at the tailings dams of Nchanga Mine in Chingola, Zambia. TD4 and a site 50 m away from TD4 were sampled as Sampling Areas One (1) and Two (2), respectively. TD4 was divided into four quadrants and three plots from each quadrant were randomly sampled. Three plots from each of the two quadrants from Sampling Area Two were also sampled. Composite soil samples were collected from the plots and a total of 175 individuals of 16 grass and herbaceous plant species were collected and analysed. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentrations of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in the soils and plant specimens. The findings of the study showed that the concentrations of Cu and Zn in the soil ranged from 891.41 mg/kg to 15,617.47 mg/kg and 20.73 mg/kg to 96.85 mg/kg, respectively. Arthraxonquartinianus had the highest concentration of Cu (1016.8 mg/kg) while Cyperusrotundus had the lowest (29.35 mg/kg). Arthraxonquartinianus had the highest concentration of Zn (192.8 mg/kg) and Crinum had the lowest (28.24 mg/kg). BAF values for Cu were less than 1 in all the plants and BAF values for Zn were highest in Arthraxonquartinianus (10.77) with Crinum having the lowest BAF of 0.01. The Bioaccumulation Factors indicated that all the plant species studied are Cu excluders;and with the exception of Crinum, all were Zn accumulators and Arthraxonquartinianus, a hyperaccumulator of Zn.
文摘Introduction: A transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect(ASD)with the Amplatzer septal occluder(ASO)is a newperspective non-surgical method of treatment of this congenitalheart defect.The aim of the study was to determine the rate of suitable defectsfur this new non-surgical techuique.Patients and methods:From9/95-9/97,77 patients with secundum ASD underwent an attemptat transcatheter closure;.at a median age of 9.3 yr.(range,2.1-43.5 yr.)and meaian weight of 32 kg(range,13-68kg).The most important echocardiograghic criteria for successfulctosure are sufficient rims around the defect,diameter ot medefect and total length of atrial septum.3 pts which not fulfilcriteria were excluded from transthoracic echocardiograpny(TTE).11 pts were excluded from transesophageal TTE,2 ptswere excluded during intervention.we evaluate this results anacompare it with the values frrom perioperative morphomethry otASD’s in 353 patients who underwent surgety(years-90).Results:The medlian ASD size measured by TEE was 11.7 mm(range,5-23 mm)and the median stretched diameter was 13.9mm(range,5-24 mm).All devices were placed correctly.Therewas no complication related to the closure.On a median follow-up interval of 8.5 months(range 0.4-2.2 yr)there has been noepisodes of endocarditis,thromboembofism or wire fracture and58/61 pts(95%)had complete closure,as assessed by TTE.Conclusion From 77 patiehts 61 fulfil criteria and successfullyunderwent a transcathter closure of ASD,which represents 79%.In 353 patients who underwent surgery authors compare the areaof the defect and the septal area.278 pts(78%)had suitabledefect for transcatheter closure.We conclude that a new selfexpandable,repositionable ASO is affording a safe and defectivemethod to close small-large secundum ASD’s.Suitable defectsfor this procedure are in the majority(up to 80%)of patients withsecundum ASD.