ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY DURING CORROSION PROCESS OF 8090 Al-Li ALLOY IN EXCO SOLUTION

The corrosion behavior and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) features of 8090 Al-Li alloys in EXCO solution were investigated, and the EIS was simulated using an equivalent circuit. At the beginning of immersion in EXCO solution, the EIS is comprised by a depressed capacitive arc at high-mediate frequency and an inductive arc at low frequency, and the inductive component decreases and disappears with im- mersion time. Once exfoliation or severe pitting corrosion is produced, two capacitive arcs appear in the EIS. These two capacitive arcs are originated from the two parts of the corroded alloy surface, the original flat alloy surface and the new inter-face exposed to the aggressive EXCO solution due to the exfoliation or pitting corrosion. Some corrosion development features of 8090 Al-Li alloys in EXCO solution can be obtained through simulated EIS information.

Effect of Scandium and Zirconium on Mechanical and Exfoliation Corrosion Properties of Al-Mg-Mn Alloys

To quest for the best combination of mechanical properties and exfoliation corrosion resisting property of Al-Mg-Mn base alloys, and to seek after the effect of Sc and Zr on mechanical and exfoliation corrosion properties of Al-Mg-Mn alloys, comparative research technique was used, the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn alloys with and without minor Sc and Zr treated by different annealing were measured, the degrees of exfoliation corrosion for these alloys through accelerated exfoliation corrosion test were evaluated, and polarization curves of these alloys were measured, too. The micro-morphologies of corrosion specimens were observed by SEM and the corrosion product was analyzed using EDS. Optical microscope and TEM were used, the relationship between their microstruc-tures and mechanical properties, exfoliation corrosion resisting property was investigated, and the results show that the addition of minor Sc and Zr can enhance the strength greatly and also improve the combination of strength and plasticity. Moreover, the addition of minor Sc, Zr does not cause appreciable decrease of exfoliation corrosion resisting property, the Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy annealed at 350 ℃ for 1 h has excellent combination of mechanical properties and exfoliation corrosion resisting property, the satisfied combination of mechanical properties nad exfoliation corrosion resisting property can be obtained by means of adding minor Sc and Zr, decreasing the content of Mn, and adopting reasonable annealing practice.

Effect of Pre-Aging, Over-Aging and Re-Aging on Exfoliation Corrosion and Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys

By means of TEM, hardness, conductivity, tensile strength test, fracture toughness test, polarization curve and EIS, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys treated by a new multi-stage aging system, i.e. pre-aging, over-aging and re-aging (120°C/24h + 160°C/8h + 120°C/24h), were characterized. It is found that compared with the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys treated by T76 (120°C/24h + 160°C/8h), the new multi-stage aging treatment can improve the tensile strength, fracture toughness, hardness and conductivity of the alloys at the same time. This is mainly due to the pre-aging, over-aging and re-aging process of super high strength aluminum alloys. Compared with the two-stage over aging process, the formation of multi-stage multi-phase precipitation structure can improve the strength, toughness and corrosion resistance of the alloys at the same time. The polarization curve is consistent with the conclusion. Therefore, we conducted this study to test how the comprehensive properties of the alloy can be improved.

Exfoliation corrosion of T6- and T8-aged Al_xCu_yLi_z alloy

The exfoliation corrosion behavior of a novel Al-Li alloy treated by T6- and T8-peak ageing was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) technique. The surface morphology of corroded samples was examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The microstructure of un-corroded samples was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). At early stage of immersion in EXCO, EIS plots of the two differently processed samples are composed of a capacitive arc in the high frequency range and an inductive loop in the low frequency range. Inductive loop disappears with the increasing of immersion time and two capacitive arcs appear. T6-treated alloy has higher exfoliation susceptibility than T8-treated one, suggested by different exfoliation starting time, which is 23 h and 27 h respectively. T1 phase and equilibrium precipitate at the grain boundary of T6-treated alloy are larger in amount and size than those of T8-treated alloy. This is the main reason for the higher exfoliation susceptibility of T6-treated alloy.

Exfoliation corrosion susceptibility of 8090 Al-Li alloy examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The exfoliation corrosion susceptibility and electrochemical impedance spectrosc opy(EIS) of rolled and peak-aged 8090 Al-Li alloys in EXCO solution were studi ed,and the EIS after exfoliation was simulated. Once exfoliation occurs,two ca pacitive arcs appear in the EIS at high-mediate frequency and mediate-low freq uency respectively. The exfoliation-attacked alloy surface consists of two part s,an original flat alloy surface and a new inter-face exposed to EXCO solution due to the exfoliation. The capacitance corresponding to the new exfoliation in ter-face increases approximately linearly with time at early exfoliation stage,due to the enlargement of the new inter-face. Then it maintains stable,due to the corrosion product covering on the new inter-face. The exfoliation suscepti bility can be judged through the average slope of the capacitance vs time curve of the early exfoliation stage. This average slope of the rolled 8090 alloy is m uch higher than that of the peak-aged 8090 alloy,accordingly the rolled 8090 a lloy is more susceptible to exfoliation than the peak-aged 8090 alloy.

Evaluation of pitting corrosion of Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy in EXCO solution by EIS

In order to evaluate the degree and severity of Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy in exfoliation corrosion(EXCO) solution quickly and nondestructively, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) technique was employed. The Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy suffers pitting corrosion in the EXCO solution. During pit incubation, the Nyquist diagram is composed of a depressed capacitive arc at high-mediate frequency and an inductive arc at low frequency. The inductive arc fades with immersion time, and the beginning of pitting corrosion and the appearance of two capacitive arcs have simultaneity. During pit propagation, the Nyquist diagram is composed of two overlapped capacitive arcs. As time goes on, two time constants are more clearly distinguished. The high frequency and low frequency capacitive arc are aroused by passive surface and new interface, respectively. An equivalent circuit is designed to fit EIS, and the experimental results and the fitted results have good correspondence. The degree and severity of pitting corrosion can be obtained by the features of EIS and comparing the fitted values of parameters at different times.

INTERGRANULAR AND EXFOLIATION CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF 8090Al-Li ALLOY

The A1-2.79Li-1.3Cu-0.7Mg-0.12Zr(8090) alloy has excellent resistance to intergranular and exfoliation corrosion as naturally aged, worst as peak aged and rather better as underaged than as overaged. The corrosion behaviour of the alloy is closely dependent on its microstructure. Under the peak aging condition, the coarse T_2 phase, which is continuously distributed along grain boundaries, has so low corrosion potential in comparison with the ma- trix, this makes the corrosion resistance of the alloy to be deteriorated by anodic dissolution along grain boundaries.

Effect of mold and core preheating temperature on corrosion resistance of casting Al-12Si alloy U-shaped cooling channel

Temperature has an important impact on the corrosion resistance of mold with cooling channels prepared by casting method.The effect of preheating temperature of the mold and the carbon fiber core on the roughness and corrosion resistance of U-shaped cooling channels made of Al-12Si alloy was examined in depth.The experimental results suggest that as the preheating temperature increased from 273 K to 573 K,the roughness of the inner wall of the cooling channel reduced from 96.6μm to 77.0μm.When the preheating temperature continued to increase to 723 K,the roughness increased to 85.3μm.The wetting between the Al melt and the carbon fiber will reduce micro bubbles and waves on the channel wall as the preheating temperature rises,thereby reducing the roughness.However,with the further increase of preheating temperature,it will increase the solidification time of the Al melt.At this time,the carbon fiber and Al melt will take more time to react,which increases the roughness of the channel wall to a certain extent.The results of exfoliation corrosion show that the larger roughness will aggravate exfoliation corrosion.The prolongation of high temperature reaction time between the carbon fiber and the Al melt will lead to the segregation of Si,which is easy to cause intergranular corrosion.Therefore,reasonable preheating temperature has an important impact on the roughness and corrosion resistance of U-shaped cooling channels.

T6态2090 Al-Li合金在EXCO溶液中的剥蚀行为和剥蚀发展过程中的电化学阻抗谱

采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和光学显微镜原位观察等方法研究了T6态峰时效的2090Al-Li合金在EXCO溶液中的剥蚀行为.在浸泡过程中局部腐蚀形态演变经历了4个阶段:点蚀、晶间腐蚀、剥蚀和剥蚀后期.在点蚀阶段形成的以杂质相为局部阴极生成的大蚀孔成为剥蚀引发的中心,剥蚀鼓泡沿大蚀孔边缘生长,直到把表层以下完全穿透.点蚀引发阶段的EIS由一个高频容抗弧和一个中低频感抗弧构成,在点蚀发展阶段感抗弧消失.晶间腐蚀阶段的EIS的容抗部分中很难分辨出腐蚀区域对应的时间常数,剥蚀发展阶段和剥蚀后期的EIS由两个容抗弧构成.

Al—Li合金在EXCO溶液中腐蚀的电化学阻抗研究

研究了T6态峰时效AA2090及AA8090Al-Li合金在EXCO溶液中腐蚀的电化学阻抗特征。结果表明,剥蚀发生之前,AA8090合金电化学阻抗谱由一个压缩的高频容抗弧和一个低频感抗弧组成,且低频感抗成分随浸泡时间延长而减弱并消失;一旦发生剥蚀,其电化学阻抗谱即由一个高频和一个低频两个容抗弧组成。而AA2090合金在较短浸泡时间内由于较大面积蚀孔的产生,其电化学阻抗谱上即出现一个高频及一个低频两个容抗弧。发生剥蚀后,两种合金具有相同的电化学阻抗特征。

时效对7056铝合金在EXCO溶液中剥落腐蚀行为的影响

研究了7056铝合金经120℃单级时效与120℃×4h+165℃×8h双级时效后在EXCO溶液中的剥落腐蚀行为。观察了不同时效状态7056合金表面腐蚀形貌随浸泡时间延长的变化,并进行腐蚀等级评定;采用CHI660C电化学工作站检测了7056合金在EXCO溶液中的极化曲线与电化学阻抗谱。借助透射电镜观察了不同时效状态下7056合金的组织形貌特征,并就微观组织对剥落腐蚀行为的影响进行了深入的分析。结果表明:在120℃单级时效,随时效时间延长,7056合金抗剥落腐蚀能力增加;与120℃×100h长时间时效相比,经120℃×4h+165℃×8h时效后,7056合金具有较好的抗剥落腐蚀能力。

EXCO溶液与沿海大气环境中铝合金的剥蚀损伤等效关系模型

为建立铝合金材料在沿海大气环境中的剥蚀损伤与实验室EXCO溶液加速剥蚀损伤之间的等效关系,在已有的万宁大气腐蚀研究基础上,对2A12-T4铝合金在EXCO溶液中的腐蚀特性开展了研究,对腐蚀过程中腐蚀液pH变化规律及不同腐蚀时间后试件最小剩余厚度分别进行了研究;在此基础上,讨论了2A12-T4铝合金在EXCO溶液中的腐蚀机理,建立了EXCO溶液与沿海大气环境中铝合金的剥蚀损伤等效关系模型;基于最小剩余厚度等效原则得到模型的具体参数值,模型的误差小于0.92%。

回归升温速率对Al-6.02Zn-2.24Mg-2.30Cu合金组织和性能的影响

采用室温拉伸、慢应变速率拉伸应力腐蚀和透射电镜等检测手段,研究了回归升温速率对Al-6.02Zn-2.24 Mg-2.30Cu合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着回归升温速率的降低,合金处于高温区时间增加,合金强度不断降低。回归升温速率由5.6℃/min下降到0.25℃/min,抗拉强度由663.1 MPa下降到631.7 MPa,而合金导电率和抗腐蚀性能逐渐增加,应力腐蚀敏感指数由4.7%下降到2.7%。回归升温速率减慢,晶内相长大程度增加,降低了合金强度。但同时晶界析出相尺寸及其分布间距增加,晶界析出相中的Cu含量随之增加,提高了合金的抗腐蚀性能。

2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头在EXCO溶液中的腐蚀行为

试验研究了2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头在EXCO溶液中的腐蚀行为以及腐蚀后力学性能的退化情况。观察了接头在EXCO溶液中的浸泡腐蚀形貌,并对腐蚀后的力学性能进行测试。采用电化学腐蚀试验检测了接头在EXC0溶液中的极化曲线。研究结果表明:搅拌摩擦焊接接头焊核区耐蚀性低于母材的,电化学测试结果和浸泡腐蚀结果一致,浸泡腐蚀后接头拉伸性能显著降低。

铸轧坯料生产的铝带材耐蚀性能研究

为了探究1×××、3×××系铝合金铸轧带坯冷轧后的耐蚀性能,采用剥落腐蚀试验对H24态的5种铝合金的耐蚀性能进行了测试,并借助SEM、EDS、EWS对试样的微观腐蚀形貌、腐蚀产物及金属基体的成分组成、腐蚀前后的重量进行了检测分析。结果表明:Fe、Cu元素降低试验铝合金的耐蚀性能,Mn、Mg元素提高试验合金的耐蚀性;合金的纯度越高,耐蚀性越好。

Corrosion behavior of an Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy

The corrosion behavior of an Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was studied and compared with that of an Al-6Mg-Zr alloy. The addition of scandium into the Al-6Mg-Zr alloy reduced the susceptibility to exfoliation corrosion. By using the constant load tensile method in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, the resistance to SCC of the Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was higher than that of the Al-6Mg-Zr alloy. When the specimens were not applied with an anodic current, the Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was resistance to SCC and no brittle cracking was found on the fracture surface. When an anodic current was applied, the Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy specimens failed as a result of accelerated corrosion rather than SCC. It was believed that the addition of scandium re- sulted in （Al3Sc, Zr） particles that greatly refined grains and promoted the formation of homogeneous discontinuous distribution of β-phase in the alloy base, which much contributed to good corrosion resistance of the Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy.

Effect of Scandium on Corrosion Resistance of Welded Joint ofAl-6Mg-Zr Alloy

The corrosion resistance of welded joints of Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was studied by neutral salt spray and exfoliation corrosion methods. The microstructure of welded joints was investigated by using optical microscope and transmission electron micrograph (TEM). It is demonstrated that the welded joints of Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy are more corrosion resistance, comparing with Al-6Mg-Zr alloy. The addition of scandium in the alloy results in (Al_3Sc, Zr) particles, potently refined grains and restrained recrystallization process. The formation of homogeneous, discontinuous distribution of β-phase in welded joints improves the corrosion resistance of welded joints of Al-Mg-Zr alloy with high level content of magnesium.

Through-thickness inhomogeneity of localized corrosion in 7050-T7451 Al alloy thick plate

The through-thickness corrosion inhomogeneity of 7050-T7451 Al alloy thick plate was studied using immersion tests, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), slow strain rate testing(SSRT) technique combined with optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that the through-thickness corrosion resistance is ranked in the order of T/2>surface>T/4. And the 75 mm-thick 7050 alloy plate presents better corrosion resistance than the 35 mm-thick plate. The results are discussed in terms of the combined effect of recrystallization and cooling rate in quenching. Alloy with lower volume fraction of recrystallization and smaller grain aspect ratio displays better corrosion resistance. The lower corrosion resistance caused by the slower cooling rate results from the higher coverage rate of grain boundary precipitates and larger width of precipitate free zone.

Corrosion Behavior of Welded Joints of Al-6Mg Alloy with Trace Scandium Addition

Al-6Mg alloy with trace Sc addition was prepared by means of melting-casting.The samples of the welded joints of Al-6Mg alloy with trace Sc addition were made by method of manual argon-arc welding.Neutral salt spray test was carried out by referring to GB/T10125-1997 and GB6384-1986 practice.Exfoliation testing was carried out in accordance with the method of Al-Mg alloy exfoliation corrosion test.The corrosion behaviors of the welded joints of AlMg alloy with high level of Mg and trace Sc addition were studied.The microstructures of the welded joints were observed by using optical microscope and transmission electron microscope.The corrosion resistance mechanism of the alloy was also involved.This work intended to determine if the welded joints of Al-6Mgalloy with trace Sc addition can have excellent corrosion resistance, when their strength are clearly improved.The results show that trace content of Sc refines the grains of alloys effectively, raises remarkably the corrosion resistance of the welded joints of Al-6Mg alloy with trace Sc addition.The corrosion resistance mechanisms are that there is free of continuous grain boundary precipitation or network which could be susceptible to corrosion in the microstructure of welded joints.

航空铝合金在EXCO溶液中的电化学演变

航空铝合金在服役过程中经常受到腐蚀损伤,对结构承载性能退化有重要影响。通过浸泡试验和电化学试验,研究了2024铝合金在EXCO溶液中不同腐蚀时间下的电化学演变。结果表明:2024铝合金浸泡0~60 min时,腐蚀形貌为点蚀,并且随着腐蚀时间的推移,点蚀坑数量逐渐增多,尺寸逐渐变大;浸泡0~40 min时,钝化膜的破裂导致2024铝合金开路电位逐渐降低;浸泡40~60 min时,工作电极表面与溶液之间的电化学反应达到平衡状态,开路电位为-0.678 V左右。动电位极化曲线结果显示,腐蚀时间越长,则钝化区越小,腐蚀电流密度越小,腐蚀速率减慢,耐腐蚀性减弱。电化学阻抗谱测试结果显示,极化电阻随腐蚀时间的增加不断减小,耐腐蚀性逐渐降低。最后,以极化电阻表征电化学演化过程,得出极化电阻与腐蚀时间满足指数关系的结论。此研究结果可以为航空铝合金的防腐设计提供理论指导。