Dendritic morphology is typically highly branched,and the branching and synaptic abundance of dendrites can enhance the receptive range of neurons and the diversity of information received,thus providing the basis for...Dendritic morphology is typically highly branched,and the branching and synaptic abundance of dendrites can enhance the receptive range of neurons and the diversity of information received,thus providing the basis for information processing in the nervous system.Once dendritic development is aberrantly compromised or damaged,it may lead to abnormal connectivity of the neural network,affecting the function and stability of the nervous system and ultimately triggering a series of neurological disorders.Research on the regulation of dendritic developmental processes has flourished,and much progress is now being made in its regulatory mechanisms.Noteworthily,dendrites are characterized by an extremely complex dendritic arborization that cannot be attributed to individual protein functions alone,requiring a systematic analysis of the intrinsic and extrinsic signals and the coordinated roles among them.Actin cytoskeleton organization and membrane vesicle trafficking are required during dendrite development,with actin providing tracks for vesicles and vesicle trafficking in turn providing material for actin assembly.In this review,we focus on these two basic biological processes and discuss the molecular mechanisms and their synergistic effects underlying the morphogenesis of neuronal dendrites.We also offer insights and discuss strategies for the potential preventive and therapeutic treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.展开更多
The roles of Rho family guanosine triphosphatases(GTPases)of plants(ROPs)in modulating plant growth and development have been well characterized.However,little is known about the roles of ROP signaling pathways in reg...The roles of Rho family guanosine triphosphatases(GTPases)of plants(ROPs)in modulating plant growth and development have been well characterized.However,little is known about the roles of ROP signaling pathways in regulating plant autophagy and autophagosome formation.In this study,we identify a unique ROP signaling mechanism,which mediates developmental to autophagic transition under stress conditions in the model plant Arabidopsis.Loss-of-function mutants of ROP8 showed stress-induced hypersensitive phenotypes and compromised autophagic flux.Similar to other ROPs in the ROP/RAC family,ROP8 exhibits both plasma membrane and cytosolic punctate localization patterns.Upon autophagic induction,active ROP8 puncta colocalize with autophagosomal markers and are degraded inside the vacuole.In human cells,RalB,an RAS subfamily GTPase,engages its effector Exo84 for autophagosome assembly.However,a RalB counterpart is missing in the plant lineage.Intriguingly,we discovered that plant ROP8 promotes autophagy via its downstream effector Sec5.Live-cell super-resolution imaging showed that ROP8 and Sec5 reside on phagophores for autophagosome formation.Taken together,our findings highlight a previously unappreciated role of an ROP8-Sec5 signaling axis in autophagy promotion,providing new insights into how plants utilize versatile ROP signaling networks to coordinate developmental and autophagic responses depending on environmental changes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100784)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20221458)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(also known as the Southeast University Zhishan Young Scholars Program,2242024RCB0031)。
文摘Dendritic morphology is typically highly branched,and the branching and synaptic abundance of dendrites can enhance the receptive range of neurons and the diversity of information received,thus providing the basis for information processing in the nervous system.Once dendritic development is aberrantly compromised or damaged,it may lead to abnormal connectivity of the neural network,affecting the function and stability of the nervous system and ultimately triggering a series of neurological disorders.Research on the regulation of dendritic developmental processes has flourished,and much progress is now being made in its regulatory mechanisms.Noteworthily,dendrites are characterized by an extremely complex dendritic arborization that cannot be attributed to individual protein functions alone,requiring a systematic analysis of the intrinsic and extrinsic signals and the coordinated roles among them.Actin cytoskeleton organization and membrane vesicle trafficking are required during dendrite development,with actin providing tracks for vesicles and vesicle trafficking in turn providing material for actin assembly.In this review,we focus on these two basic biological processes and discuss the molecular mechanisms and their synergistic effects underlying the morphogenesis of neuronal dendrites.We also offer insights and discuss strategies for the potential preventive and therapeutic treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670179 and 91854201)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(CUHK14130716,14104716,14102417,14100818,14101219,C4012-16E,C4033-19E,C4002-17G,C4002-20W,R4005-18,and AOE/M-05/12)。
文摘The roles of Rho family guanosine triphosphatases(GTPases)of plants(ROPs)in modulating plant growth and development have been well characterized.However,little is known about the roles of ROP signaling pathways in regulating plant autophagy and autophagosome formation.In this study,we identify a unique ROP signaling mechanism,which mediates developmental to autophagic transition under stress conditions in the model plant Arabidopsis.Loss-of-function mutants of ROP8 showed stress-induced hypersensitive phenotypes and compromised autophagic flux.Similar to other ROPs in the ROP/RAC family,ROP8 exhibits both plasma membrane and cytosolic punctate localization patterns.Upon autophagic induction,active ROP8 puncta colocalize with autophagosomal markers and are degraded inside the vacuole.In human cells,RalB,an RAS subfamily GTPase,engages its effector Exo84 for autophagosome assembly.However,a RalB counterpart is missing in the plant lineage.Intriguingly,we discovered that plant ROP8 promotes autophagy via its downstream effector Sec5.Live-cell super-resolution imaging showed that ROP8 and Sec5 reside on phagophores for autophagosome formation.Taken together,our findings highlight a previously unappreciated role of an ROP8-Sec5 signaling axis in autophagy promotion,providing new insights into how plants utilize versatile ROP signaling networks to coordinate developmental and autophagic responses depending on environmental changes.
