Experimental study on slime water flocculation sediment based on the montmorillonite hydration expansion inhibition

Through the montmorillonite settlement experiment in the clear water and electrolyte solution, the influence of slime water settling character was studied in clear water and different electrolyte solution, the montmorillonite＇s hydration ex- pansion effectively restrained was verified, the process method to wash coal with the electrolyte was put forward, and the re- sults indicate that the solution of 10 g/L KC1 is optimal inhibitor on the montmorillonite in the tested three kinds of electrolyte solution. With the contrast test in clear water and electrolyte solution, two reagent adding way can be selected in KC1 solution： one way is to add PAM separately, the effectively sedimentation can be made with simply 0.1% anion; the other way is the co- ordination with polymeric aluminum and PAM, the anionic of PAM and polymeric aluminum are 0.02% and 0.5% respectively. However, in clear water, the polymeric aluminum must be joined together with the anionic PAM, and the amount of the PAM reaches 0.5%, which is 25 times as great as that in KCL solution. The field work with raw coal further verifies the above con- clusions further.

Experimental study of water imbibition characteristics of the lacustrine shale in Sichuan Basin

Through the stimulation method of large-scale hydraulic fracturing,the spontaneous imbibition capacity of the water phase in the shale reservoir has great influence on the effect of stimulation.Generally,the lacustrine shale has the characteristics of high clay minerals content,strong expansibility,development of nanopores and micro-pores,and underdevelopment of fractures,which leads to the unclear behavior of spontaneous imbibition of aqueous phase.The lacustrine shale of Da'anzhai Member and marine shale of Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin were selected to prepare both the shale matrix sample and fractured shale sample,and the spontaneous imbibition experiment of simulated formation water was carried out.By means of an XRD test,SEM observation,nuclear magnetic resonance test and linear expansion rate test,the mineral composition,the structure of pores and fractures,the capacity of hydration and expansion of both lacustrine and marine shale are compared and analyzed.The results show that the average spontaneous imbibition rate of lacustrine shale is 60.8%higher than that of marine shale within the initial 12 hours of imbibition.The lacustrine shale has faster imbibition rate than the marine shale in the initial stage of spontaneous imbibition.However,the lacustrine shale has underdeveloped pores and fractures,as well as poor connectivity of pores.Besides,the strong hydration and expansion of clay minerals can easily lead to dispersion and migration of clay minerals on the fracture surface,which will plug up the seepage channels,resulting in poor capacity of spontaneous imbibition.The spontaneous imbibition rate in the middle and late stage of Lacustrine shale is obviously lower than that of the marine shale.The overall spontaneous imbibition rate ability of the lacustrine shale is less than that of the marine shale.According to the characteristics of water imbibition of lacustrine shale,considering the dual effects of hydration expansion of clay minerals on the effective reconstructed volume,the microfractures can be initiated and extended by fully utilizing the hydration of shale.Acidification treatment,oxidation treatment or high temperature treatment can be used to expand pore space,enhance water phase imbibition capacity and improve multi-scale mass transfer capacity of the lacustrine shale.