Stabilization Mechanism of Calcium Lignosulphonate Used in Expansion Sensitive Soil

A series of tests were performed to investigate the macroscopic properties and the stabilization mechanism of calcium lignosulphonate modified expansive soil.Compared with natural soil,soil modified by 4%calcium lignosulphonate showed 56.5%increased 28 days unconfined compressive strength and 23.8%decreased free expansion rate.The X-ray diffraction analysis results indicate the existence of cation exchange and the reduction of montmorillonite interplanar spacing.The X-computed tomography results demonstrate that calcium lignosulphonate decreased the porosity and optimized the pore distribution.The calcium lignosulphonate also increased the stability of the suspension system according to the Zeta potential results.Moreover,the results of rheological tests show that the moderate amount of calcium lignosulphonate enhanced the yield stress and the plastic viscosity,proving the formation of a strong connection between soil particles.

Cures for expansion shock and shock instability of Roe scheme based on momentum interpolation mechanism

The common defects of the Roe scheme are the non-physical expansion shock and shock instability. By removing the momentum interpolation mechanism(MIM), an improved method with several advantages has been presented to suppress the shock instability. However, it cannot prevent the expansion shock and is incompatible with the traditional curing method for expansion shock. To solve the problem, the traditional curing mechanism is analyzed. Effectiveness of the traditional curing method is discussed,and several defects are identified, one of which leads to incompatibility between curing shock instability and expansion shock. Consequently, an improved Roe scheme is proposed, which is with low computational costs, concise, easy to implement, and robust.More importantly, the proposed scheme can simultaneously solve the problem of shock instability and expansion shock without additional costs.

Research on the mechanism of rockburst induced by mined coal-rock linkage of sharply inclined coal seams

In recent years,the mining depth of steeply inclined coal seams in the Urumqi mining area has gradually increased.Local deformation of mining coal-rock results in frequent rockbursts.This has become a critical issue that affects the safe mining of deep,steeply inclined coal seams.In this work,we adopt a perspective centered on localized deformation in coal-rock mining and systematically combine theoretical analyses and extensive data mining of voluminous microseismic data.We describe a mechanical model for the urgently inclined mining of both the sandwiched rock pillar and the roof,explaining the mechanical response behavior of key disaster-prone zones within the deep working face,affected by the dynamics of deep mining.By exploring the spatial correlation inherent in extensive microseismic data,we delineate the“time-space”response relationship that governs the dynamic failure of coal-rock during the progression of the sharply inclined working face.The results disclose that(1)the distinctive coal-rock occurrence structure characterized by a“sandwiched rock pillar-B6 roof”constitutes the origin of rockburst in the southern mining area of the Wudong Coal Mine,with both elements presenting different degrees of deformation localization with increasing mining depth.(2)As mining depth increases,the bending deformation and energy accumulation within the rock pillar and roof show nonlinear acceleration.The localized deformation of deep,steeply inclined coal-rock engenders the spatial superposition of squeezing and prying effects in both the strike and dip directions,increasing the energy distribution disparity and stress asymmetry of the“sandwiched rock pillar-B3+6 coal seam-B6 roof”configuration.This makes worse the propensity for frequent dynamic disasters in the working face.(3)The developed high-energy distortion zone“inner-outer”control technology effectively reduces high stress concentration and energy distortion in the surrounding rock.After implementation,the average apparent resistivity in the rock pillar and B6 roof substantially increased by 430%and 300%,respectively,thus guaranteeing the safe and efficient development of steeply inclined coal seams.

Review on the properties and mechanisms of asphalt modified with bio-oil and biochar

Bio-asphalt has a great application prospect in the replacement of petroleum-based asphalt to pave and maintain asphalt pavement. However, the problems of flow-induced crystallization and phase separation caused by flowinduced crystallization had severely restricted its application. This paper describes the progress of research on preparation, property evaluation and phase separation mechanism of bio-asphalt. The advantages and disadvantages of preparation methods of bio-asphalt are states. The fundamental physical and rheological properties of bio-asphalt are investigated, especially for flow-induced crystallization. There exists obvious flow-induced crystallization because bio-asphalt is rich in waxes that crystallize easily. Owing to the existence of excess biochar,bio-asphalt appears phase separation. A brief review of the effect of bio-oil and biochar on asphalt volatile organic compounds(VOCs) is presented. Research find that bio-oil/biochar are not only replenish the light components of asphalt, but also improve the flow-induced crystallization and phase separation of bio-asphalt. There exists synergistic effect of biochar and bio-oil in asphalt modification. Moreover, biochar can improve the durability of bio-oil modified asphalt, but excessive addition of biochar to bio-oil modified asphalt can cause phase separation.Adding an appropriate amount of bio-oil and biochar to asphalt can improve its high-temperature resistance, lowtemperature crack resistance, and system compatibility.

囊体扩张主动控制桩基水平变形机理分析

囊体扩张是一种新型地下结构变形主动控制技术,然而其在桩基变形控制机理方面尚未深入研究。采用有限元软件探究了囊体扩张控制桩基水平变形机理,分析了囊体扩张引起桩基和土体变形特性以及囊体-土体-桩体之间相互作用。结果表明:扩张直径0.5 m的囊体对直径为1.2 m的桩可产生最大5.5 mm水平变形,控制效率为60%,囊体扩张对桩基水平变形控制效果良好。囊体扩张会引起邻近土体产生较大的超孔隙水压力,而孔压消散会导致土体压缩而降低桩基控制效率。当扩张距离较小时,桩径对囊体扩张控制效果影响显著。囊体扩张对桩径为0.4~1.6m的桩均有一定的变形控制效果,尤其适用于小直径桩基的变形控制。随扩张直径的增大,桩基最大水平位移近乎呈线性增大。此外,桩基水平变形随扩张距离增大而减小,但由于扩张对周围孔隙水压力影响范围有限,导致控制效率呈增大趋势。双排囊体扩张控制变形中“遮拦效应”和“反力效应”明显,控制桩基变形应遵循“先远后近,逐排扩张”的原则,以提高控制效果。

阳离子对大豆蛋白及其组分凝胶特性影响的研究进展

大豆蛋白含有人体全部的必需氨基酸,是替代动物性蛋白质的优选,由于其出色的凝胶特性,常被应用于豆腐、大豆酸奶、3D食品打印和生物材料等加工行业。添加阳离子是优化大豆蛋白凝胶特性的常用方法,阳离子的类型和浓度影响大豆蛋白凝胶的结构特性。本文重点综述了不同阳离子对大豆蛋白及其组分形成凝胶的影响,同时从聚集和胶凝的角度归纳了阳离子对大豆蛋白及其组分的影响,总结了阳离子诱导的大豆蛋白凝胶化机制,为设计高效利用的大豆蛋白凝胶产品提供参考。

快中子诱发蛇纹石混凝土力学性能退化研究

基于三维细观数值模拟方法,考虑快中子辐照(MeV>1.0)诱发的温度与骨料膨胀联合作用对混凝土力学行为及破坏形态的影响规律,该文提出了可有效预测辐照混凝土残余力学性能的二阶段数值模型计算方法,开展了蛇纹石骨料混凝土力学性能退化研究,并借助物理试验进行了模型验证。此外,基于数值模拟结果,提出了蛇纹石骨料膨胀作用下混凝土力学响应及残余力学性能的理论计算公式。该文提出的三维细观数值模型旨在为评估辐照混凝土力学响应及残余力学性能提供有效工具,为揭示辐照混凝土力学性能退化机理提供分析工具,为进行辐照混凝土基准研究提供理论依据,后期可为核反应堆混凝土防护墙延寿评估提供一定的理论指导。

类岩石节理MICP封堵抗酸性侵蚀性能试验研究

尽管微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积(Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation,简称MICP)技术已在岩土体加固领域广泛应用,但针对MICP酸性侵蚀耐久性的研究成果鲜见报导。为此,通过开展不同pH值(pH=4,5和7)和侵蚀时间(7d,14d和28d)下的MICP封堵3D打印类岩石节理试件酸性侵蚀试验,研究岩石节理中碳酸钙封堵层溶蚀情况及其在酸性侵蚀前后的渗透性演化规律。试验结果表明:MICP封堵岩石节理试件中碳酸钙溶蚀量随侵蚀溶液pH值减小而增大,且随侵蚀时间增长而增大,碳酸钙溶蚀区域主要集中在试件四周边缘附近区域;MICP封堵前后岩石节理试件渗透系数平均降幅为97%,经酸性侵蚀后其渗透系数有略微回升,但相应的渗透系数降幅均大于95%,MICP封堵岩石节理试件经酸性侵蚀后其封堵效果依旧良好。研究成果可为MICP技术在岩体工程中的应用提供科学依据。

气液注采工业活动诱发地震机理及其断层滑动风险评估综述

诱发地震研究对气液注采相关工业活动安全开发有重要意义,是当前国际地震科学前沿热点问题之一.本文梳理了全球诱发地震相关研究,总结出四种诱发地震机理(流体扩散、孔弹耦合效应、热应变效应、断层蠕滑),以及一种由于工业区发生大量地震而可能发生的级联触发机制,列出其控制方程和相应案例,总结其地质构造条件、物理过程、诱发地震活动的时空特性及现象.本文结合断层稳定性分析,介绍了构造背景应力场下气液注采施工引起的断层滑动风险评估方法.基于对机理的认识,探讨诱发地震最大震级、延迟触发和如何判断背后主控机制等关键问题;提出在设计、施工及预警阶段降低诱发中强地震风险的措施建议.本文提出:探测先存断层、进行滑动风险评估、注采区选址规避高风险断层,是降低诱发地震风险的重要环节;开展实时监测和结合施工参数开展数值模拟分析是降低诱发地震风险的关键研究方法.

pH值对MICP固化修复镉污染尾矿的影响研究

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)方法是一种生态友好、可持续的污染土固化与修复技术,而对于MICP在不同土壤p H值环境下处理重金属污染土影响的研究较少。利用巴氏芽孢杆菌ATCC 11859分别在pH值为5,7,9,1条件下进行了MICP修复Cd溶液试验、Cd污染尾矿固化修复试验。结果表明,水溶液修复试验中,在pH为5~11范围内均能有效钝化Cd^(2+),当pH值为9时对Cd^(2+)钝化效果最佳;尾矿固化试验中,酸性淋溶液会加快尾矿中的Cd^(2+)浸出,MICP主要将尾矿中Cd的酸可溶态转化为可还原态和残渣态,且钝化效果与碳酸盐生成率呈正相关关系。通过对生物矿化沉淀的FTIR、XRD、XPS和SEM-EDS分析表征,揭示了MICP钝化重金属和固化尾矿的机理:MICP通过生物吸附和碳酸钙的吸附、离子交换、共沉淀等作用完成对重金属离子的钝化,通过覆膜作用、黏结作用和桥接作用增大土颗粒内摩擦角和土粒间的黏聚力。

光伏组件封装材料中水和钠离子的渗透性研究

电势诱导衰减效应(PID)是光伏组件户外运行条件下功率衰减的主要因素之一。在多种PID效应中,PID-s的产生机制被认为与玻璃分解释放的钠离子迁移相关。因此,以高电阻率的封装膜取代普遍使用的EVA胶膜是否可以适当抑制PID-s效应是尚无定论的问题。该工作以分子动力学模拟为研究手段,从分子动态扩散特征、分子间相互作用能和聚合物分子的静电势分布等角度对POE和EVA膜的水分子和钠离子渗透能力进行分析,从分子特性层面比较2种膜对电势诱导衰减效应的抑制机理。该工作旨在为新型光伏组件封装材料的选择和组件的PID效应抑制,为提高光伏组件发电效率、延长组件发电寿命提供理论指导。

共混比对NR/CIIR共混物的拉伸取向及SIC行为的研究

采用机械共混和模压成型工艺制备了天然橡胶(NR)/氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)复合材料,并对其硫化性能、机械性能、单轴拉伸取向性能、应变诱导结晶(SIC)、阻尼行为等进行了分析。透射电子显微镜(TEM)的结果显示,CIIR组分在共混物中呈现海岛结构分布,且边界清晰。随着CIIR占比增大,拉伸应力应变性能与纯NR相一致,但拉伸强度比纯NR下降明显;通过红外二向色性法分析发现,共混物的取向行为主要源于NR组分;同步辐射广角X射线衍射(WAXD)的测试结果表明,共混物中CIIR占比越高,SIC行为越弱;通过机械共混的方式,可以制备得到两者特性结合的NR/CIIR共混物,30 Hz条件下损耗因子从NR纯胶的0.1,增加至NR/CIIR 50/50(质量比)的0.18,上升幅度达80%,为隔震支座用橡胶材料的制备提供新思路。

协同理论视域下应用型高校产教融合拓展机理研究

分析产教融合的拓展机理,对于破解产教融合存在的问题,构建产教融合发展的长效机制具有重要意义。协同理论和产教融合具有较高的适切性,可以明确产教融合实施主体的主要责任和义务,可以规定产教融合实施过程中的利益分配情况,可以描绘产教融合的运行状态。文章分析了产教融合的现实困境,并以人才培养交流为产教融合的耦合点,详细说明了产教融合的纵向拓展机理及发展对策。在此基础上,文章分析了从人才培养交流向产教融合研发的横向拓展机理及策略,最终构建了一点深入、由点到线、由线到面的产教融合发展新机制,研究成果可为产教融合的进一步深化提供借鉴。

The influencing factors of urban land expansion in Changsha

This research systematically analyses land-use map of Changsha city in different periods of time. The spatial form and structural evolution was analysed by studying indices such as city land-use structure proportion, expansion intensity, economic flexibility, population flexibility, changing compactness index and so on. The dynamic mechanism of urban land expansion has been discussed by integrating the regional social economy development situation and many aspects such as the physiographical surrounding, population and economic development, traffic infrastructure, planning and regional development tactic and system innovation. The research indicates that the urban land expansion speed and intensity have steadily increased in Changsha from 1949 to 2004. The expansion form has been from a single external expansion to a combination form of external and internal expansion, from a circular or linear continuous form to a blocky or agglomeration shape. Overall, the urban land expansion of Changsha city is a phasic, diversified and complex process. And no matter what the stage is, it is an organic system containing multiple speed, pattern and shape, which are driven by multiple impetuses. The dominant feature at different stages was highlighted because of the balance and fluctuation between different forces, and the existing urban land border and shape have resulted from the joint efforts of these phasic forces.

汉语网络语言“特种兵式XX”构式的构式语法分析

“特种兵式旅游”是2023年“十大流行语”和“十大网络用语”之一。Goldberg的认知构式语法理论被用作探究分析由“特种兵式旅游”发展而成的“特种兵式XX”构式的形式语义特征及其形成扩展机制。研究发现:(1)“特种兵式XX”组成成分包含常量“特种兵式”和变量“XX”,主要是借用特种兵执行特殊任务、超强体力等特征标榜出变量“XX”的一种新型形式。(2)此构式呈现以“特种兵式+双音节动词”为主的习语化特征。(3)此构式的中心意义为紧凑高效地完成“XX”行为,具有低成本、高效率、高强度的典型特征。(4)此构式的形成和扩展主要依赖大脑的记忆机制以及次范畴化和隐喻机制。

Thermal expansion and mechanical properties of high reinforcement content SiC_(p)/Cu composites fabricated by squeeze casting technology

High reinforcement content SiCp/Cu composites (φp=50%, 55% and 60%) for electronic packaging applications were fabricated by patent cost-effective squeeze-casting technology. The composites appear to be free of pores, and the SiC particles are distribute uniformly in the composites. The mean linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs, 20-100 ℃ ) of as-cast SiCp/Cu composites range from 8.8×10-6 ℃-1 to 9.9×10-6 ℃-1 and decrease with the increase of SiC content. The experimental CTEs of as-cast SiCp/Cu composites agree well with the predicted values based on Kerner model. The CTEs of composites reduce after annealing treatment due to the fact that the internal stress of the composite is released. The Brinell hardness increases from 272.3 to 313.2, and the modulus increases from 186 GPa to 210 GPa for the corresponding composites. The bending strength is larger than 374 MPa, but no obvious trend between bending strength and SiCp content is observed.

Experimental study on the mechanical properties and consolidation mechanism of microbial grouted backfill

Backfill mining technology is the practice of returning waste materials underground for both disposal and geotechnical stability,however,a challenge with current technologies is that they commonly require cement-based binders which have a relatively high environmental impact.Finding alternatives to cement-based binders can improve environmental performance and this paper proposes microbial grouted backfill(MGB)as a potential solution.In this paper,the effects of the cementation solution concentration(CSC),volume ratio of bacterial solution to cementation solution(VRBC),particle sizes of the aggregates,and the number of grouting batches on the mechanical properties of MGB are studied.The experimental results show that MGB strength increased,up to a peak value,as CSC was increased,before decreasing as CSC was increased further.The results also show that MGB strength increased,up to a peak value,as VRBC decreased,before decreasing as the VRBC was decreased further.The peak strength was achieved at a CSC of 2 mol/L and a VRBC of 1:9.The strength of the MGB also increased as the number of grouting batches increased.Graded MGB samples showed the highest UCS,25.12 MPa,at particle sizes of 0.2 to 0.8 mm,while full(non-graded)MGB samples displayed mean UCS values ranging from1.56 MPa when the maximum particle size was 0.2 mm,up to 13 MPa when the maximum particle size was 1.2 mm.MGB samples are consolidated by the calcium carbonate that is precipitated during microbial metabolism,and the strength of MGB increases linearly as calcium carbonate content increases.The calcium carbonate minerals produced in MGB materials are primarily calcite,with secondary amounts of vaterite.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury: Pathogenetic mechanism and therapeutic implication

To review possible mechanisms and therapeutics for acute lung injury(ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). ALI/ARDS causes high mortality. The risk factors include head injury, intracranial disorders, sepsis, infections and others. Investigations have indicated the detrimental role of nitric oxide(NO) through the inducible NO synthase(i NOS). The possible therapeutic regimen includes extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, prone position, fluid and hemodynamic management and permissive hypercapnic acidosis etc. Other pharmacological treatments are anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobial agents, inhalation of NO, glucocorticoids, surfactant therapy and agents facilitating lung water resolution and ion transports. β-adrenergic agonists are able to accelerate lung fluid and ion removal and to stimulate surfactant secretion. In con-scious rats, regular exercise training alleviates the endotoxin-induced ALI. Propofol and N-acetylcysteine exert protective effect on the ALI induced by endotoxin. Insulin possesses anti-inflammatory effect. Pentobarbital is capable of reducing the endotoxin-induced ALI. In addition, nicotinamide or niacinamide abrogates the ALI caused by ischemia/reperfusion or endotoxemia. This review includes historical retrospective of ALI/ARDS, the neurogenic pulmonary edema due to head injury, the detrimental role of NO, the risk factors, and the possible pathogenetic mechanisms as well as therapeutic regimen for ALI/ARDS.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy prepared by cyclic expansion extrusion with asymmetrical extrusion cavity

The microstructure,texture evolution and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated during the cyclic expansion extrusion with the asymmetrical extrusion cavity(CEE-AEC)process.The results show that continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)occur during the CEE-AEC process.After 3 passes,the microstructures of the deformed samples are refined,and the average grain size of the alloys in asymmetrical cavity region is 6.9μm.The maximum intensities of the basal textures increase with the increase in the number of passes,and the basal textures are deflected during the deformation process.The basal texture of the alloys in asymmetrical cavity region is tilted by approximately±45°from the normal direction(ND)to the extrusion direction(ED).Grain refinement strengthening and texture deflection significantly improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the deformed alloys.After 3 passes,tensile yield strength(TYS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation-to-failure of the alloy in the asymmetric cavity region are 146 MPa,230 MPa and 29.7%,respectively.

Processing of AM60 magnesium alloy by hydrostatic cyclic expansion extrusion at elevated temperature as a new severe plastic deformation method

Hydrostatic cyclic expansion extrusion(HCEE) process at elevated temperatures is proposed as a method for processing less deformable materials such as magnesium and for producing long ultrafine-grained rods. In the HCEE process at elevated temperatures, high-pressure molten linear low-density polyethylene(LLDPE) was used as a fluid to eliminate frictional forces. To study the capability of the process,AM60 magnesium rods were processed and the properties were investigated. The mechanical properties were found to improve significantly after the HCEE process. The yield and ultimate strengths increased from initial values of 138 and 221 MPa to 212 and 317 MPa, respectively.Moreover, the elongation was enhanced due to the refined grains and the existence of high hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, the microhardness was increased from HV 55.0 to HV 72.5. The microstructural analysis revealed that ultrafine-grained structure could be produced by the HCEE process. Moreover, the size of the particles decreased, and these particles thoroughly scattered between the grains. Finite element analysis showed that the HCEE was independent of the length of the sample, which makes the process suitable for industrial applications.