Scheme to measure the expectation value of a physical quantity in weak coupling regime

In quantum mechanics, the expectation value of an operator can be measured by using the projective measurement, ifthe coupling between the measured system and pointer is strong enough. However in the weak coupling regime, the pointercan not show all the eigenvalue of the physical quantity directly due to the overlapping among the pointer states, whichmakes the measurement of the expectation value difficult. In this paper, we propose an expectation value measurementmethod in the weak coupling regime inspired by the weak measurement scheme. Compared to the projective measurement,our scheme has two obvious advantages. Experimentally we use the internal state and motional state of a single trapped40Ca+ to establish the measurement scheme and realize the proof of principle demonstration of the scheme.

A Note on the Expectation Value of Time

In this note, the expectation value of time based on quantum mechanics formalism is derived. It is found that the expectation value of time does not depend on space.

Children's expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through two years of school-based program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and physical activity

Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical activity.Methods：The sample comprised 401 children aged 9–13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East Finland.All children received school-based activities across 2-year program from Grades 5 to 7.The present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012–2014.Results：The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program,especially in terms of expectancy beliefs,attainment value,and cost.In contrast,interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of time.Boys believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than girls.In addition,the higher the physical activity level the children reported,the higher the physical education enjoyment they perceived.Conclusion：The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modification indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children＇s expectancy beliefs and task values.

On the Expected Present Value of Total Dividends in a Risk Model with Potentially Delayed Claims

In this paper, we consider a risk model in which two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined. Every by-claim is induced by the main claim randomly and may be delayed for one time period with a certain probability. The dividend policy that certain amount of dividends will be paid as long as the surplus is greater than a constant dividend barrier is also introduced into this delayed claims risk model. By means of the probability generating functions, formulae for the expected present value of total dividend payments prior to ruin are obtained for discrete-type individual claims. Explicit expressions for the corresponding results are derived for K n claim amount distributions. Numerical illustrations are also given.

OPTIMAL REINSURANCE UNDER EXPECTED VALUE PRINCIPLE

The paper concerns the problem how to purchase the reinsurance in order to make the insurer and the reinsurance company＇s total risk to be least under the expected value principle. When the insurer and reinsurance company take arbitrary risk measures, sufficient con- ditions for optimality of reinsurance contract are given within the restricted class of admissible contracts. Further, the explicit forms of optimal reinsurance contract under several special risk measures are given, and the method to decide parameters as well.

The Expected Value of a Fuzzy Number

Conjunction of two probability laws can give rise to a possibility law. Using two probability densities over two disjoint ranges, we can define the fuzzy mean of a fuzzy variable with the help of means two random variables in two disjoint spaces.

Estimating the expected value of multiple prospects in bidding blocks

In recent years,China has accelerated the reform of its oil and gas management system,especially in competitive transfer of mining rights.Evaluating the expected value(EV)of lease blocks is crucial for the bidding decision of oil companies.When bidding for a block with several individual prospects,the simple addition of each prospect EV usually leads to overly high and optimistic resource volume and value estimates.For the assessment of the EV of a multi-prospect block,two factors should be considered.Firstly,the geological setting of the prospects,including their relative spatial relationship,their chance of geological success,their resources and their geological dependency,etc.The second factor is the exploration strategy of oil companies,concerned with the dry hole tolerance,the committed wells and the drilling priorities for the prospects,etc.A probabilistic method to assess the EV of a multi-prospect block is proposed,which proves to be favorable for formulating a bidding strategy for oil companies.In addition,a case study on two specific blocks with several prospects is presented to illustrate the effect of the above mentioned factors on the EV.

Three Methods to Calculate the Financial Risk Measurement: Value- At-Risk and Expected Shortfall

This paper analyzes the relationship between the risk factor of each stock and the portfolio’s risk based on a small portfolio with four U.S.stocks,and the reason why these risk factors can be regarded as a market invariant.Then,it evaluates the properties of the convex and coherent risk indicators of the capital requirement index composed of VaR and ES,and use three methods(the historical estimation method,boudoukh’s mixed method and Monte Carlo method)to estimate the risk measurement indicators VaR and ES respectively based on the assumption of multivariate normal distribution’risk factors and multivariate student t-copula distribution’s one,finally it figures out that these three calculation results are very close.

Does the EVA valuation model explain the market value of equity better under changing required return than constant required return?

Through the Economic-Value-Added(EVA)valuation model,the expected market value of equity can be determined by adding the book value of equity with the present value of expected EVAs under the assumption of constant required return and constant return on equity.The equation of EVA valuation model has taken its shape under the assumption of constant required return and constant return on equity.However,a large body of empirical evidence indicates that required rate of return never remain constant.The EVA-valuation model formulated under constant required return cannot be implemented under the scenario of changing required return.In this study,we explored whether the EVA valuation model could be implemented under changing required return by making any changes in the model and found that it could be implemented under the scenario of changing required return by replacing the book value of the equity of the existing model with the present value of required earnings or normal market earnings.We further examined whether the explanatory ability of the EVA valuation model under the assumption of changing required return is better than that of the valuation model under the assumption of constant required return.Relative information content analyses were conducted by considering sample of the intrinsic value of equities determined by valuation models and the market value of equities of 69 large-cap,88 mid-cap,and 79 small-cap companies.The results showed that the EVA-based valuation model with changing normal market return outperformed the EVA-based valuation model with constant required return.

The Terminal Value （TV） Performing in Firm Valuation： The Gap of Literature and Research Agenda

The uncertainty about the future of firms must be modeled and incorporated in the valuation of enterprises outside the explicit period of analysis, i.e., in the continuing or terminal value （TV）. There is a multiplicity of factors that influence the TV of firms which are not being considered within current evaluation models. This aspect leads to the incurring of unrecoverable errors, thus leading to values of goodwill or bad will far away from the substantial value of intrinsic assets. As a consequence, the evaluation results will be presented markedly different from market values. There is no consensus in the scientific community about the method of computation of the TV as a forecast in an infinite horizon. The size of the terminal, or non-explicit period, assumed as infinite, is never called into question by scientific literature, or the probability of business bankruptcy. This paper aims to promote a study of the existing literature on the TV, to highlight the fragility of the evaluation models of companies that have been used by the academic community and by financial analysts, and to point out lines for future research to minimize these errors.

OPTIONAL AND PREDICTABLE PROJECTIONS OF SET-VALUED MEASURABLE PROCESSES

In this paper,the optional and predictable projections of set-valued measurable processes are studied.The existence and uniqueness of optional and predictable projections of set-valued measurable processes are proved under proper circumstances.

基于非齐次泊松过程的网上持久型一口价拍卖研究

为了刻画网上拍卖中的投标者到达过程中存在的末尾抢标机制,本文引入时间变量,建立了基于投标者到达的非齐次泊松过程的持久型一口价拍卖模型。通过令投标人与拍卖商的收益最大化,本文分析了投标人的均衡策略,拍卖商的最优一口价以及拍卖平台的最优佣金率,得到拍卖平台为了获取更多的佣金,一口价拍卖中佣金率的设定应小于普通拍卖中的佣金率。通过数值分析得到,投标人应在持续时间较短的一口价拍卖中积极选择一口价,在持续时间较长的一口价拍卖中更倾向于选择进行竞价,而拍卖商应尽可能地设置更长的拍卖持续时间以此获得更大的期望收益。

价值期待视域下高校大学生思想政治教育的期待实现和期待满足策略研究

高校大学生思想政治教育以人为本,以学生为中心,着力满足学生的发展需求和价值期待,是高校大学生思想政治教育的根本旨归和目标方向。思想政治教育工作者要明确和重视高校大学生思想政治教育工作满足大学生价值期待的重要意义,了解大学生价值期待的基本特征,针对性做好大学生价值期待满足工作,提升高校大学生思想政治教育的亲和力、针对性和实效性,更好地落实立德树人根本任务。

价值预期与价值赋予:高校教师劳动关系的匹配博弈模型

在市场化转型时期,高校教师劳动关系的深层逻辑是不同价值间的博弈。价值预期体现为劳动主体在意识层面对价值回报的判断与预估;价值赋予表现为制度对劳动过程的支持程度。基于劳动价值论与制度价值论,对人、劳动价值与制度之间的关系进行深入剖析,以价值赋予与价值预期为横纵坐标,构建基于价值博弈的高校教师劳动关系博弈模型。从模型中发现,高校教师劳动关系有4种基本类型关系:高价值预期与高价值赋予;高价值预期与低价值赋予;低价值预期与高价值赋予;低价值预期与低价值赋予。通过质性访谈检验发现:当人、劳动价值与制度之间的关系相互协调时,以高价值预期与高价值赋予为代表的“双高”类型是劳动关系中的最优博弈类型;反之,则可能出现劳动关系的稳定性缺陷。这由此反映出“人与制度”的伴生性问题。因此,建立高校教师和谐劳动关系需要强化人、劳动价值与制度之间的内在共生逻辑,以及扭转价值失序局面,从而回归价值理性,提升价值赋予与价值预期的适配性。

基于审美分析的口腔美容修复分类诊疗方案(二):中式审美的内涵与分析方案

欧美国家提出的口腔美感指标(简称欧美审美)与我国口腔美感指标(简称中式审美)存在差异,这些不同在正式修复方案的设计与修复效果评价中对医—患—技三方存在或大或小的影响,处理不当将直接弱化三方的合作效能、拉低患者的满意度,严重时甚至可导致医疗纠纷。本文从做好我国口腔美容修复出发,介绍了口腔中式审美的内涵特征,讨论了口腔审美分析的诊疗价值,并进一步详细介绍了采用改良中式牙科审美社会心理影响量表、口腔美容修复期望值评估尺等进行审美分析评估的流程和方案。

数据资产及其价值评估方法研究

随着数字经济的发展,数据资产逐渐成为第五大生产要素,也成为体现企业竞争力的重要部分。在此背景之下,文章首先介绍了数据资产的定义和数据资产价值评估的观点;其次,梳理了数据资产价值评估的主流方法;最后,基于前文研究现状的情况对数据资产的价值评估方法进行了总结与展望,期望能够为数据资产后续研究奠基。

企业创新对品牌价值的影响研究——绩效期望落差和知识产权保护的调节作用

企业创新是支撑品牌价值提升的基础性因素。利用固定效应模型和面板门限模型,评估企业创新对品牌价值的影响。研究表明:第一,企业创新有助于提升品牌价值,进一步研究发现,创新广度和创新深度对品牌价值具有正向影响。第二,调节效应检验表明,绩效期望落差和知识产权保护分别发挥正向调节作用,使企业创新对品牌价值的促进作用进一步增强。第三,门槛效应检验表明,企业创新对品牌价值的影响存在创新的“适度区间”。研究结论为理解品牌价值提升和品牌重塑提供了来自企业创新的新解释,为相关企业的品牌管理实践提供了有益参考。

智能技术支持的师范生数字化教学能力提升:期望价值信念的作用

随着人工智能技术的快速发展,教育数字化转型已成为必然趋势,如何将智能技术与师范生培养融合发展已成为新时代教师教育振兴计划的关键。为了探究智能技术支持的师范生数字化教学能力的影响因素和发展路径,该研究基于情境期望价值理论,选取567名师范生进行了问卷调查,探讨环境支持和期望价值信念(即自我效能感和感知有用性)在培养智能技术支持的数字化教学能力中的作用。结果表明,感知有用性在环境支持对智能技术支持的自主学习和信息化教学的影响起到了中介作用;自我效能感在环境支持对智能技术支持的自主学习中起到了中介作用。此外,高环境支持和期望价值信念组的师范生表现出更好的智能技术支持的自主学习和信息化教学行为意愿。基于此,研究揭示了这一机制形成的内因,并从强化拟真情境应用、优化课程体系和发展协同机制提出了相关建议,旨在为实践中提升师范生的数字化教学能力提供指导。

Evaluation of Tourist's Satisfaction Degree of Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area in Xi'an City

Tourist's satisfaction degree is one of the important indexes to evaluate the service quality of scenic spot.Taking Xi'an Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area for an example,with the expectation difference theory and customers' satisfaction evaluation model as the theoretical basis of the research,the overall satisfaction degree of tourists to hot spring resort area,and the actual sensation accomplishments and the expectation difference of each service index were analyzed by using regression analysis and paired sample t test method.The results showed:① The overall satisfaction degree of tourists to the resort area was higher.There were remarkable correlation among three variables:the sensation value,the overall satisfaction degree,and the tourist's loyalty degree;② Generally,the sensation actual accomplishments of 15 service appraisal factors were higher than the expectation value.According to the characteristics,these 15 service appraisal factors were divided into 5 groups.Some unsatisfactory aspects were found out,and the corrective measures were put forward.

教育板块对金融市场风险传染的影响测度

风险测度是投资决策和风险管理过程中至关重要的一环,它有助于投资者更好地理解和管理其投资组合的风险,并最大限度地实现其投资目标。使用GARCH(广义自回归条件异方差)模型与Copula模型对上证指数、沪深300指数以及深证成指数与教育指数的日收益率进行建模。研究结果表明:样本期内,上证指数、沪深300指数以及深证成指数作为综合股票指数,相较于教育指数,其抗风险能力更强;上证指数、沪深300指数以及深证成指数与教育指数间存在明显的双向风险溢出效应且风险传染强度不对称;研究中发现VaR(在险价值)以及CoVaR(条件在险亏损)一般会低估市场的风险和市场的条件风险。