This paper describes the BAPAMAN（Binary Actuated Parallel MANipulator） series of parallel manipulators that has been conceived at Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics（LARM）. Basic common characteristics of BAPA...This paper describes the BAPAMAN（Binary Actuated Parallel MANipulator） series of parallel manipulators that has been conceived at Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics（LARM）. Basic common characteristics of BAPAMAN series are described. In particular, it is outlined the use of a reduced number of active degrees of freedom, the use of design solutions with flexural joints and Shape Memory Alloy（SMA） actuators for achieving miniaturization, cost reduction and easy operation features. Given the peculiarities of BAPAMAN architecture, specific experimental tests have been proposed and carried out with the aim to validate the proposed design and to evaluate the practical operation performance and the characteristics of a built prototype, in particular, in terms of operation and workspace characteristics.展开更多
Background:One way in which we make inferences about ecological processes is via experimentation.Many ecological processes happen at landscape extents and it is at this extent that experimentation is more challenging....Background:One way in which we make inferences about ecological processes is via experimentation.Many ecological processes happen at landscape extents and it is at this extent that experimentation is more challenging.This review explores the intersection between experimentation,ecological processes and landscape ecology.Specifically,this review seeks to discover how scientists design experiments to understand ecological processes at landscape scales.Results:I found 87 papers where these three concepts intersected,and reviewed them in more depth to assess characteristics of scale(treatment and study area extent),replication,research question and experiment type.Conclusions:The findings suggest that experimental approaches for understanding ecological processes are well established,and beginning to more readily accommodate spatial dimensions.However,there is room to integrate more spatially explicit,landscape-scale experiments into studies of ecological processes.展开更多
文摘This paper describes the BAPAMAN（Binary Actuated Parallel MANipulator） series of parallel manipulators that has been conceived at Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics（LARM）. Basic common characteristics of BAPAMAN series are described. In particular, it is outlined the use of a reduced number of active degrees of freedom, the use of design solutions with flexural joints and Shape Memory Alloy（SMA） actuators for achieving miniaturization, cost reduction and easy operation features. Given the peculiarities of BAPAMAN architecture, specific experimental tests have been proposed and carried out with the aim to validate the proposed design and to evaluate the practical operation performance and the characteristics of a built prototype, in particular, in terms of operation and workspace characteristics.
文摘Background:One way in which we make inferences about ecological processes is via experimentation.Many ecological processes happen at landscape extents and it is at this extent that experimentation is more challenging.This review explores the intersection between experimentation,ecological processes and landscape ecology.Specifically,this review seeks to discover how scientists design experiments to understand ecological processes at landscape scales.Results:I found 87 papers where these three concepts intersected,and reviewed them in more depth to assess characteristics of scale(treatment and study area extent),replication,research question and experiment type.Conclusions:The findings suggest that experimental approaches for understanding ecological processes are well established,and beginning to more readily accommodate spatial dimensions.However,there is room to integrate more spatially explicit,landscape-scale experiments into studies of ecological processes.
