This study is about Malaysia＇s investment environment. I＇ve undertaken its writing in part as a reflection on my own involvement with Malaysia over more than halfa century （from Malaya in 1963）. The study also bri...This study is about Malaysia＇s investment environment. I＇ve undertaken its writing in part as a reflection on my own involvement with Malaysia over more than halfa century （from Malaya in 1963）. The study also brings to bear a structure for analysis drawn from the field of political risk analysis. I have been involved with formal （corporate） political risk assessment since 1979 and bring that experience into the discussion that follows. I have published extensively on both Malaysia and political risk. Some of these publications are cited below. Political risk assessment depends on experts on the countries that they examine. 1 don＇t usually refer to myself as an ＂expert＂ but rather as a specialist. However, the common reference in political risk studies is to data generated by experts. In the paper below I discuss the nature of political risk assessment, Malaysia, my own credentials that have gotten me into the political risk business, and three political risk assessment methodologies, with the results for Malaysia for each. I give emphasis to the assessment that I have done using the Economist method, for reasons that I provide below. I was able to incorporate interviews of 35 professional subjects in Malaysia in February 2014 in which they were each able to rate Malaysia using the Economist method. They were drawn from government, business, journalism, and academe. I think the results are interesting, at least.展开更多
目的:运用数据挖掘技术分析名老中医治疗帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)的临证经验及用药规律。方法:检索1989至2020年中国知网(China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI)数据库收载的中医药治疗PD的相关文献,经整理、筛...目的:运用数据挖掘技术分析名老中医治疗帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)的临证经验及用药规律。方法:检索1989至2020年中国知网(China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI)数据库收载的中医药治疗PD的相关文献,经整理、筛选后纳入符合标准的文献,运用Excel及VOS viewer软件对文献中描述的证型、舌象、脉象及中药进行数据挖掘分析。结果:本研究通过证型名称规范后得到44种证型,最常见的前三种证型分别为肝肾阴虚证28.45%(33/116)、肝风内动证6.90%(8/116)、筋脉失养证5.17%(5/116);舌象分布:舌色以红22.86%(16/70)、暗/黯17.14%(12/70)、暗/黯红17.14%(12/70)常见,舌形以齿痕40.00%(6/15)、胖大33.33%(5/15)舌常见,苔质以薄44.00%(33/75)、腻24.00%(18/75)苔常见,苔色以黄70.21%(33/47)、白29.79%(14/47)色常见,舌下络脉以络脉青紫75.00%(3/4)、络脉色淡25.00%(1/4)常见;脉象分布:脉象以细27.63%(42/152)、弦27.63%(42/152)脉常见;中药分布:涉及中药128味,总频次为933次,高频中药主要有白芍4.61%(43/933)、天麻3.32%(31/933)、茯苓3.11%(29/933)、当归3.11%(29/933)、熟地黄3.00%(28/933)、牡蛎2.68%(25/933)、山萸肉2.57%(24/933)、全蝎2.47%(23/933)、牛膝2.25%(21/933)、龙骨2.14%(20/933)、黄芪2.14%(20/933)等。结论:PD病因病机复杂,属本虚标实证,本虚为肝肾亏损,标实为风、瘀、痰、热、毒互结,蕴塞脑窍;临床用药以补虚药为主,以平肝熄风药、活血化瘀药、祛湿化痰药为辅。展开更多
Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineeri...Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.展开更多
文摘This study is about Malaysia＇s investment environment. I＇ve undertaken its writing in part as a reflection on my own involvement with Malaysia over more than halfa century （from Malaya in 1963）. The study also brings to bear a structure for analysis drawn from the field of political risk analysis. I have been involved with formal （corporate） political risk assessment since 1979 and bring that experience into the discussion that follows. I have published extensively on both Malaysia and political risk. Some of these publications are cited below. Political risk assessment depends on experts on the countries that they examine. 1 don＇t usually refer to myself as an ＂expert＂ but rather as a specialist. However, the common reference in political risk studies is to data generated by experts. In the paper below I discuss the nature of political risk assessment, Malaysia, my own credentials that have gotten me into the political risk business, and three political risk assessment methodologies, with the results for Malaysia for each. I give emphasis to the assessment that I have done using the Economist method, for reasons that I provide below. I was able to incorporate interviews of 35 professional subjects in Malaysia in February 2014 in which they were each able to rate Malaysia using the Economist method. They were drawn from government, business, journalism, and academe. I think the results are interesting, at least.
文摘Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.
