ADASYN与类别逆比例加权法在阿尔茨海默病不平衡数据中的应用

目的利用自适应合成抽样(adaptive synthetic sampling,ADASYN)与类别逆比例加权法处理类别不平衡数据,结合分类器构建模型对阿尔茨海默病(alzheimer′s disease,AD)患者疾病进程进行分类预测。方法数据源自阿尔茨海默病神经影像学计划(Alzheimer′s disease neuroimaging initiative,ADNI),经随机森林填补缺失值,弹性网络筛选特征子集后,利用ADASYN与类别逆比例加权法处理类别不平衡数据。分别结合随机森林(random forest,RF)、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)构建四种模型:ADASYN-RF、ADASYN-SVM、加权随机森林(weighted random forest,WRF)、加权支持向量机(weighted support vector machine,WSVM),与RF、SVM比较分类性能。模型评价指标为宏观平均精确率(macro-average of precision,macro-P)、宏观平均召回率(macro-average of recall,macro-R)、宏观平均F1值(macro-average of F1-score,macro-F1)、准确率(accuracy,ACC)、Kappa值和AUC(area under the ROC curve)。结果ADASYN-RF的分类性能最优(Kappa值为0.938,AUC为0.980),ADASYN-SVM次之。利用ADASYN-RF预测得到的重要分类特征分别为CDRSB、LDELTOTAL、MMSE,在临床上均可得到证实。结论ADASYN与类别逆比例加权法都能辅助提升分类器性能,但ADASYN算法更优。

基于D-S证据理论改进AHP-熵权的流域洪涝灾害评估研究

考虑致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性以及承灾体易损性,选取指标构建小清河流域洪涝灾害风险评估指标体系,提出一种基于D-S证据理论的改进AHP-熵权法计算指标权重,求取洪涝灾害风险指数,运用自然断点分级法确定洪涝灾害风险等级,分析小清河流域洪涝灾害风险空间分布情况。结果表明:小清河流域洪涝灾害风险总体上表现出南低北高的趋势,其中高风险区和较高风险区分别占流域面积的8.7%和14.3%,主要分布在小清河干流以及主要支流两岸。所得评估结果同“利奇马”台风发生期间实际洪灾风险分布情况一致,对比证明基于D-S证据理论的改进AHP-熵权法优于AHP和熵权法,可为小清河流域防洪减灾决策提供依据。

Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding

BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several complications.Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.AIM To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.METHODS An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital Dr.JoséEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from October 2017 to June 2019.Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type.After full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Numerical variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric variables.Dominance,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also calculated.RESULTS No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups.Class comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(P<0.011).In addition,higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(P<0.050).The four predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most abundant.However,no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples at the phylum level.CONCLUSION Breastfeeding is associated with a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and an increase of Gammaproteobacteria,contributing to the literature of the gut microbiota structure of very low-birth-weight,preterm.

专家控制-改进S面算法在近水面航行器运动控制中的应用研究

[目的]旨在提高舵板响应速度和效率,以满足近水面航行器在静水及波浪干扰下的深度保持和姿态控制要求。[方法]在S面算法的基础上,提出一种具有更快收敛速度的改进S面控制算法,并与专家智能控制相结合,建立闭环专家控制-改进S面算法的混合控制模型,构建混合算法控制器。对比分析PID算法、S面算法、改进S面算法以及专家控制-改进S面算法在近水面航行器航行深度、姿态控制间的差异,并进行波浪干扰下的运动预报。[结果]预报结果表明:改进S面算法在静水航行控制中可提高收敛速度,波浪干扰下可降低纵摇幅度;专家控制-改进S面算法能够提高舵的控制效率,在静水中快速实现航行状态稳定转换,在波浪中有效降低近水面航行器垂荡和纵摇幅值30%以上。[结论]所提专家控制-改进S面算法对近水面航行器运动稳定性的提高适用性良好。

“S”型隧道近距离上穿既有盾构隧道的变形控制方法

依托呼和浩特市新建“S”型地下连接通道近距离上穿既有地铁2号线工程,采用有限元数值模拟和现场监测相结合的方法,对砂袋压重范围、砂袋压重高度以及中隔壁拆除方式进行了对比分析,得出了对既有盾构隧道变形控制的最优方案。研究表明:(1)既有盾构隧道各阶段最大变形位置随新建隧道的掘进而动态变化,施工完毕后最大变形出现在既有盾构隧道远端,这是由于新建隧道开挖至盾构正上方时,该位置受到的施工扰动影响最大,是变形控制的重点区域;(2)采用砂袋压重对既有盾构隧道的变形控制效果较为明显,变形控制效果基本在25%~30%之间,但增加压重范围和压重高度对减小隆起变形幅度影响不大,基本在4%~6%之间,考虑到施工经济性,选用压重范围为49~87榀,压重高度为2.0 m的压重措施方案;(3)采用不同的中隔壁拆除方式对隧道隆起变形有较大影响,为了便于及时形成稳定的受力体系,选用了“隔一拆二”的拆除方式。通过采取合理的砂袋压重措施和中隔壁拆除方式,在上穿施工中有效控制了既有盾构隧道的隆起变形,施工完毕后既有盾构隧道道床变形为2.68 mm,接近道床实测数据2.51 mm,满足规范要求(4.00 mm),可为类似工程提供相关借鉴经验。

基于D-S证据理论的危化品水路运输风险模糊综合评价

针对危险化学品水路运输风险因素的不确定性和模糊性,提出一种D-S证据理论与模糊综合评价法相结合的危化品水路安全运输风险评价方法。识别分析风险因素,建立危化品水路运输风险因素指标体系;引入距离函数,获取证据可信度后将可信度作为专家权重,结合D-S证据理论,融合专家信息,合理分配指标权重;构建危化品水路运输风险模糊综合评价模型,对危化品水路运输风险等级进行评价。结果表明,该案例的量化风险值为37.389,隶属于较低风险等级,人员、管理、货物因素为关键影响因素,二级指标中教育培训不足、违规操作、安全意识不足、货物敏感条件、通航环境复杂风险值相对较高,需要进行重点防控。

The Interpolation of Operators between Weighted Hardy Spaces and Weighted L^p Spaces

The paper is given the interpolation of operators between weighted Hardy spaces and weighted L p spaces when w∈A 1 by Calderon Zygmund decomposition.

基于熵权TOPSIS法的知识产权保护政策评价研究

通过对知识产权保护政策文本进行评价,可把握政策评价指标的重要性,为后续政策制定与调整提供重要的理论准备与决策支持。引入S-CAD政策分析法中的基本要素概念,从政策制定者、政策内容、政策参与者和政策价值4个维度建立知识产权保护政策评价分析框架,在此基础上构建知识产权保护政策评价指标体系,并运用熵权TOPSIS法对9项知识产权保护政策进行评价。结果显示,9项政策制定规范,政策重点突出,具有较高的社会及经济价值;但在部门协同、政策目标、政策措施及作用范围方面仍存在改善空间。针对以上问题,应加强政策制定过程中的部门协同,强化政策目标的相互融合,健全财政支持及人才激励制度,提升作用对象的多元性。

磁共振弥散加权成像联合血清SKP2检测在乳腺癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging,DWI)联合血清S期激酶相关蛋白酶2(S-phase kinase-related protease 2,SKP2)检测在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法:选取2020年5月至2022年4月河南大学第一附属医院诊治的女性单发乳腺肿块患者166例,最终病理检查确诊84例为乳腺癌(乳腺癌组)、82例为乳腺良性病变(良性病变组)。所有患者入院24 h内行DWI检查,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测血清SKP2 mRNA表达水平;绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清SKP2 mRNA及表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)诊断乳腺癌的效能;采用Kappa检验分析DWI单独及联合血清SKP2 mRNA诊断乳腺癌时与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果:DWI显示乳腺癌组形状不规则、边界模糊、淋巴结肿大、毛刺征、血管影增多比例显著高于良性病变组(P<0.05)。b值取600、800、1000 s/mm^(2)时,乳腺癌组DWI图像中的ADC均显著低于良性病变组(P<0.05)。b为600、800、1000 s/mm2的DWI诊断乳腺癌与病理诊断结果一致性均为较高(Kappa值为0.723、0.747、0.711,P<0.05)。乳腺癌组血清SKP2 mRNA表达水平显著高于良性病变组(P<0.05)。血清SKP2 mRNA、ADC诊断乳腺癌的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.859(95%CI 0.803~0.915)、0.905(95%CI 0.858~0.951),特异度分别为80.49%、89.02%,灵敏度分别为77.38%、85.71%。DWI联合血清SKP2 mRNA诊断乳腺癌与病理诊断结果一致性极高(Kappa值为0.855,P<0.05)。DWI联合血清SKP2 mRNA诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度、阴性预测值明显高于DWI、血清SKP2 mRNA单一检测诊断,准确度高于血清SKP2 mRNA单一检测诊断(P<0.05)。结论:DWI联合血清SKP2检测诊断乳腺癌具有良好的辅助参考价值,二者联合后灵敏度、阴性预测值较高。

基于融合专家综合权重的WPHFS多属性群决策模型

目的:研究加权概率犹豫模糊集及应用。方法:根据每个属性上的绝对权威专家评分数据,利用离差最大化来计算其余专家的综合权重。将评审专家的综合权重注入概率犹豫模糊集,进而定义了加权概率犹豫模糊集,在三维向量描述加权概率犹豫模糊数的基础上提出了加权概率犹豫模糊元的相关运算。基于提出的运算来计算属性的综合权重。最后建立了用参数调整方案的属性整体得分值与内部评价信息差异值的比例来计算方案综合决策值的模型。结果:建立的加权概率犹豫模糊集多属性群决策模型可以有效对备选方案进行排序。结论:相较于概率犹豫模糊集,加权概率犹豫模糊集储存更多的决策信息,能更好的解决群决策问题。

Expert panel’s guideline on cervicogenic headache:The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain recommendation

Cervicogenic headache(CEH)has been recognized as a unique category of headache that can be difficult to diagnose and treat.In China,CEH patients are managed by many different specialties,and the treatment plans remain controversial.Therefore,there is a great need for comprehensive evidence-based Chinese experts’recommendations for the management of CEH.The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain asked an expert panel to develop recommendations for a series of questions that are essential for daily clinical management of patients with CEH.A group of multidisciplinary Chinese Association for the Study of Pain experts identified the clinically relevant topics in CEH.A systematic review of the literature was performed,and evidence supporting the benefits and harms for the management of CEH was summarized.Twenty-four recommendations were finally developed through expert consensus voting for evidence quality and recommendation strength.We hope this guideline provides direction for clinicians and patients making treatment decisions for the management of CEH.

Weighted composition operators from F(p,q,s) spaces to Bers-type spaces in the unit ball

This paper deals with the boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition operators from the F（p, q, s） spaces, including Hardy space, Bergman space, Qp space, BMOA space, Besov space and α-Bloch space, to Bers-type spaces Hv^∞（ or little Bers-type spaces Hv,o∞ ）, where v is normal.

Prioritizing sustainable development goals and linking them to ecosystem services:A global expert’s knowledge evaluation

The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human well-being.However,ecosystem services(ES)-based solutions can offer possible co-benefits for SDGs implementation that are often overlooked or underexploited.In this study,we cover this gap and investigate how experts from different countries value the SDGs and relate them with ES.A total of 66 countries participated to the survey,and answers were grouped into three macro-regions:Asia;Europe,North America,and Oceania(ENO);Latin America,Caribbean and Africa(LA).Results show that the most prioritized SDGs in the three macro-regions are usually those related to essential material needs and environmental conditions,such as SDG2(Zero Hunger),SDG1(No Poverty),and SDG6(Clean Water).At a global scale,the number of prioritized synergies between SDGs and ES largely exceeded trade-offs.The highest amount of synergies was observed for SDG1(No Poverty),mainly with SDG2,SDG3(Good Health),SDG5(Gender Equality),and SDG8(Economic Growth).Other major synergies among SDGs include SDG14-15(Life below water-Life on land),SDG5-10(Gender Equity-Reduced Inequality),and SDG1-2(No poverty-Zero Hunger).At a global scale,SDG15,SDG13,SDG14,and SDG6 were closely related to ES like climate regulation,freshwater,food,water purification,biodiversity,and education.SDG11(Sustainable Cities)and SDG3 were also relevant in Asia and in LA,respectively.Overall,this study shows the potential to couple future policies that can implement SDGs’strategies while adopting ES-based solutions in different regions of the world.

关于CodeWarriorProcessorExpert的简要说明

文章首先介绍了CodeWarrior Processor Expert程序设计的概念，接着将其与传统程序设计进行比较，并分析了其优点，然后介绍了PE的运行界面，最后提供了2个PE程序设计实例。

The weighted quadratic index of biodiversity for pairs of species: a generalization of Rao’s index

The distribution of biodiversity at multiple sites of a region has been traditionally investigated through the additive partitioning of the regional biodiversity, called γ-diversity, into the average within-site biodiversity or α-diversity, and the biodiversity among sites, or β-diversity. The standard additive partitioning of diversity requires the use of a measure of diversity which is a concave function of the relative abundance of species, like the Shannon entropy or the Gini- Simpson index, for instance. When a phylogenetic distance between species is also taken into account, Rao’s quadratic index has been used as a measure of dissimilarity. Rao’s index, however, is not a concave function of the distribution of relative abundance of either individual species or pairs of species and, consequently, only some nonstandard additive partitionings of diversity have been given using this index. The objective of this paper is to show that the weighted quadratic index of biodiversity, a generalization of the weighted Gini-Simpson index to the pairs of species, is a concave function of the joint distribution of the relative abundance of pairs of species and, therefore, may be used in the standard additive partitioning of diversity instead of Rao’s index. The replication property of this new measure is also discussed.

Hamilton-Souplet-Zhang's gradient estimates for two weighted nonlinear parabolic equations

In this paper, we consider gradient estimates for positive solutions to the following weighted nonlinear parabolic equations on a complete smooth metric measure space with only Bakry-Émery Ricci tensor bounded below: One is $${u_t} = {\Delta _f}u + au\log u + bu$$ with a, b two real constants, and another is $${u_t} = {\Delta _f}u + \lambda {u^\alpha }$$ with λ, α two real constants. We obtain local Hamilton-Souplet-Zhang type gradient estimates for the above two nonlinear parabolic equations. In particular, our estimates do not depend on any assumption on f.

Finding Statistically Significant Communities in Networks with Weighted Label Propagation

Various networks exist in the world today including biological, social, information, and communication networks with the Internet as the largest network of all. One salient structural feature of these networks is the formation of groups or communities of vertices that tend to be more connected to each other within the same group than to those outside. Therefore, the detection of these communities is a topic of great interest and importance in many applications and different algorithms including label propagation have been developed for such purpose. Speaker-listener label propagation algorithm (SLPA) enjoys almost linear time complexity, so desirable in dealing with large networks. As an extension of SLPA, this study presented a novel weighted label propagation algorithm (WLPA), which was tested on four real world social networks with known community structures including the famous Zachary's karate club network. Wilcoxon tests on the communities found in the karate club network by WLPA demonstrated an improved statistical significance over SLPA. Withthehelp of Wilcoxon tests again, we were able to determine the best possible formation of two communities in this network relative to the ground truth partition, which could be used as a new benchmark for assessing community detection algorithms. Finally WLPA predicted better communities than SLPA in two of the three additional real social networks, when compared to the ground truth.

Acceptance Sampling Plans with Truncated Life Tests for the Length-Biased Weighted Lomax Distribution

In this paper,we considered the Length-biased weighted Lomax distribution and constructed new acceptance sampling plans(ASPs)where the life test is assumed to be truncated at a pre-assigned time.For the new suggested ASPs,the tables of the minimum samples sizes needed to assert a specific mean life of the test units are obtained.In addition,the values of the corresponding operating characteristic function and the associated producer’s risks are calculated.Analyses of two real data sets are presented to investigate the applicability of the proposed acceptance sampling plans;one data set contains the first failure of 20 small electric carts,and the other data set contains the failure times of the air conditioning system of an airplane.Comparisons are made between the proposed acceptance sampling plans and some existing acceptance sampling plans considered in this study based on the minimum sample sizes.It is observed that the samples sizes based on the proposed acceptance sampling plans are less than their competitors considered in this study.The suggested acceptance sampling plans are recommended for practitioners in the field.

Weighted Gini-Simpson Quadratic Index of Biodiversity for Interdependent Species

The weighted Gini-Simpson quadratic index is the simplest measure of biodiversity which takes into account the relative abundance of species and some weights assigned to the species. These weights could be assigned based on factors such as the phylogenetic distance between species, or their relative conservation values, or even the species richness or vulnerability of the habitats where these species live. In the vast majority of cases where the biodiversity is measured the species are supposed to be independent, which means that the relative proportion of a pair of species is the product of the relative proportions of the component species making up the respective pair. In the first section of the paper, the main versions of the weighted Gini-Simpson index of biodiversity for the pairs and triads of independent species are presented. In the second section of the paper, the weighted Gini-Simpson quadratic index is calculated for the general case when the species are interdependent. In this instance, the weights reflect the conservation values of the species and the distribution pattern variability of the subsets of species in the respective habitat induced by the inter-dependence between species. The third section contains a numerical example.

WEIGHTED COMPOSITION OPERATORS ON WEIGHTED DIRICHLET SPACES

We characterize the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators on weighted Dirichlet spaces in terms of Nevanlinna counting functions and Caxleson measure.