Perception of ChatGPT among Chinese Experts: A Thematic Analysis of a Semi-structured Interview

ChatGPT,as an emergent technique,has become a heat throughout the world.Currently,it was not known entirely to the public.To gain knowledge of how experts perceive and experience ChatGPT,a semi-structured interview was conducted.By doing thematic analysis of their interview reports,it found that the experts construed the chatbot not the same as some media advertised.They didn’t regard it as a threat to their occupation,but as a helper or an assistant both in life and work.Neither did they restrict its use in education or other fields.They viewed the challenges of ChatGPT in a welcomed and positive way.

Demonstration of malaria situation analysis,stratification and planning in Minab District,southern Iran

Objective:To demonstrate malaria situation analysis,stratification and planning for an endemic area in southern Iran.Methods:Data on health system,population,meteorological parameters, malaria cases,anopheline vectors,and control activities during 2005-2007 was obtained from Minab Health Center,Minab Meteorological Station and published documents about malaria elements in the study area.A datasheet was created in excel 2003 for analysis.Results:There were 644 health staff working in Minab District including 99 health staff in malaria control program.The health facilities are distributed as follow:1 hospital with 96 beds,23 health centers including private centers(10 in Minab city and 13 in rural area of Minab District) and 119 health houses in rural areas of Minab District.Anopheles stephensi was the dominant species in Minab District,however,Anopheles dthali,Anopheles superpictus,Anopheles fluviatilis,Anopheles multicolor,Anopheles pulcherrimus and Anopheles turkhudi can also be found in the area. Anopheles stephensi was reported susceptible to malathion,propoxur,primphos-methyl,lambdacyhalothrin permethrin and deltamethrin,and resistant to DDT and dieldrin in the area.During the study period a total of 10 665 positive cases were reported,mainly due to local transmission (99.6%).Plasmodium vivax was the main causative agent followed by Plasmodium falciparum. There were reports about drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in the area.Conclusions: Using different parameters,Minab was classified into 3 strata.A plan was designed based on described goal,objectives and targets.The approaches of this plan were categorized into:health education,early detection and correct treatment,and vector control.Main constraints of these approaches are population movement between Iran,Pakistan and Afghanistan;vector control challenges at district,inadequate skilled medical staff in malaria case management and weak inter-sectorial coordination for malaria control,especially in urban areas.

Optimal Homotopy Analysis of MHD Natural Convection Flow of Thixotropic Fluid under Subjection of Thermal Stratification: Boundary Layer Analysis

In this article, the model of a non-Newtonian fluid (Thixotropic) flow past a vertical surface in the presence of exponential space and temperature dependent heat source in a thermally stratified medium is studied. It is assumed that free convection is induced by buoyancy and exponentially decaying internal heat source across the space. The dynamic viscosity is taken to be constant and thermal conductivity of this particular fluid model is assumed to vary linearly with temperature. Thermal stratification has been properly incorporated into the governing equation so that its effect can be revealed and properly reported. The governing partial differential equations describing the model are transformed and parameterized to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equation using similarity transformations. Approximate analytic solutions were obtained by adopting Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM). The results show that for both cases of non-Newtonian parameters (Thixotropic) (K1=K2=0?& K1=K2=1.0), increasing stratification parameters, relate to decreasing in the heat energy entering into the fluid region and thus reducing the temperature of the Thixotropic fluid as it flows.

How Large is the ChinaMarket? An Analysis by Chinese Experts

Following the convening of the Fortune Global Forum in Shanghai in September1999, the Chinese market has become the focus of world attention.Different from the prevailingviewpoint, which stressed the enormouse size of the Chinese market, certain Chinese expertsand scholas think the Chinese market should be divided into the existing market and potentialmaket. On the existing market, market regulations should be further consolidated and improve in the interests of fair competition for Chinese and foreign enterprises. Chinesescholars are wary about jopining the Fortune 500,and the description-a bundle of small boats will not make an aircraft carrier-is figurative.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Identification Method for Agricultural Soil Stratification in a Typical Mollisols Area of Northeast China

In order to achieve a rapid and accurate identification of soil stratification information and accelerate the development of smart agriculture,this paper conducted soil stratification experiments on agricultural soils in the Mollisols area of Northeast China using Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR)and obtained different types of soil with frequencies of 500 MHz,250 MHz,and 100 MHz antennas.The soil profile data were obtained for 500 MHz,250 MHz,and 100 MHz antennas,and the dielectric properties of each type of soil were analyzed.In the image processing procedure,wavelet analysis was first used to decompose the pre-processed radar signal and reconstruct the high-frequency information to obtain the reconstructed signal containing the stratification information.Secondly,the reconstructed signal is taken as an envelope to enhance the stratification information.The Hilbert transform is applied to the envelope signal to find the time-domain variation of the instantaneous frequency and determine the time-domain location of the stratification.Finally,the dielectric constant of each soil horizon is used to obtain the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave at the corresponding position to obtain the stratification position of each soil horizon.The research results show that the 500 MHz radar antenna can accurately delineate Ap/Ah,horizon and the absolute accuracy of the stratification is within 5 cm.The effect on the soil stratification below the tillage horizon is not apparent,and the absolute accuracy of the 250 MHz and 100 MHz radar antennas on the stratification is within 9 cm.The overwhelming majority of the overall calculation errors are kept to within 15%.Based on the three central frequency antennas,the soil horizon detection rate reaches 93.3%,which can achieve accurate stratification of soil profiles within 1 m.The experimental and image processing methods used are practical and feasible;however,the GPR will show a missed detection for soil horizons with only slight differences in dielectric properties.Overall,this study can quickly and accurately determine the information of each soil stratification,ultimately providing technical support for acquiring soil configuration information and developing smart agriculture.

Expert Network for Die Casing Defect Analysis

Due to the competition and high cost associated with die casting defects, it is urgent to adopt a rapid and effective method for defect analysis. In this research, a novel expert network approach was proposed to avoid some disadvantages of rule-based expert system. The main objective of the system is to assist die casting engineer in identifying defect, determining the probable causes of defect and proposing remedies to eliminate the defect. 14 common die casting defects could be identified quickly by expert system on the basis of their characteristics. BP neural network in combination with expert system was applied to map the complex relationship between causes and defects, and further explained the cause determination process. Cause determination gives due consideration to practical process conditions. Finally, corrective measures were recommended to eliminate the defect and implemented in the sequence of difficulty.

Homotopy Analysis of MHD Free Convective Micropolar Fluid Flow along a Vertical Surface Embedded in Non-Darcian Thermally-Stratified Medium

The dynamics of steady, two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) free convective flow of micropolar fluid along a vertical porous surface embedded in a thermally stratified medium is investigated. The ratio of pressure drop caused by liquid-solid interactions to that of pressure drop caused by viscous resistance are equal;hence, the non-Darcy effect is properly accounted for in the momentum equation. The temperature at the wall and at the free stream which best accounts for thermal stratification are adopted. Similarity transformations are used to convert the nonlinear partial differential equation to a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equation and also to parameterize the governing equations. The approximate analytical solution of the corresponding BVP are obtained using Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The effects of stratification parameter, thermal radiation and other pertinent parameters on velocity, angular velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically. It is observed that increase in the stratification parameter leads to decrease in both velocity and temperature distribution and also makes the microrotation distribution to increase near the plate and decrease away from the plate. The influence of both thermal stratification and exponential space dependent internal heat source on velocity, micro-rotation and temperature profiles are presented. The comparison of the solutions obtained using analytical techniques (HAM) and MATLAB package (bvp4c) is shown and a good agreement is observed.

AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

An expert system for neutron activation analysis has been designed on personal computer. It is mainly structured by means of the MDBS GURU, and composed of three subsystems: spectrum analysis, experiment design and data management. The gamma spectra from multiple channel analyzer can be treated conveniently with conventional methods and/or intellectualized isotope identification based on expert experiences. Fuzzy variable and its algebra are employed for inferring and expression of some conclusions. A procedure for quality control has been created to check the analytical quality. Suggestion of planning an experiment for a certain material can be obtained, and a gamma spectrum can be predicted or simulated. There is a data bank for saving the element concentrations.

Research and design of an expert diagnosis system for rail vehicle driven by data mechanism models

Purpose-The aim of this work is to research and design an expert diagnosis system for rail vehicle driven by data mechanism models.Design/methodology/approach-The expert diagnosis system utilizes statistical and deep learning methods to model the real-time status and historical data features of rail vehicle.Based on data mechanism models,it predicts the lifespan of key components,evaluates the health status of the vehicle and achieves intelligent monitoring and diagnosis of rail vehicle.Findings-The actual operation effect of this system shows that it has improved the intelligent level of the rail vehicle monitoring system,which helps operators to monitor the operation of vehicle online,predict potential risks and faults of vehicle and ensure the smooth and safe operation of vehicle.Originality/value-This system improves the efficiency of rail vehicle operation,scheduling and maintenance through intelligent monitoring and diagnosis of rail vehicle.

Analysis of Potential Failure Modes in an Assembly Line by Fuzzy Expert Systems

The failure modes and effects analysis （FMEA） is widely applied in manufacturing industries in various phases of the product life cycle to evaluate the system, its design and processes for failures that can occur. The FMEA team often demonstrates different opinions and these different types of opinions are very difficult to incorporate into the FMEA by the traditional risk priority number model. In this paper, for each of the Occurrence, Severity and Detectivity parameters a fuzzy set is defined and the opinion of each FMEA team members is considered. These opinions are considered simultaneously with weights that are given to each individual based on their skills and experience levels. In addition, the opinion of the costumer is considered for each of the FMEA parameters. Then, the Risk Priority Numbers （RPN） is calculated using a Multi Input Single Output （MISO） fuzzy expert system. The proposed model is applied for prioritizing the failures of Peugeot 206 Engine assembly line in IKCo （Iran Khodro Company）.

INTEGRATED ANALYSIS APPROACHES TO ROCK MECHANICS PROBLEMS

In order to effectively cope with exponent increase of the complexity faced to the rock mechanics analysis problems and the large incompatibility existing between the information level required to model the rock mass and engineering and our obtainable information level at hand,the integrated approaches with intelligent characters are proposed. Many previous standard methods,such as precedent type analysis,rock classification,analytic method stress-based,basic numerical methods (BEM,FEM,DEM,hybrid),and their extended numerical methods (fully coupled) to be developed,can be selected respectively or integrated accordingly. It is alternative to develop basic/fully integrated system,and internet-based approaches. These novel methods can also be selected or integrated each other or with the standard methods to perform rock mechanics analysis. Some key techniques to develop these alternative methods are discussed. It may focus in future on developing fully integrated systems and internet-based approaches. Developing an environmental,virtual facility/space shall be firstly done for this collaborative research on internet.

2024年2月我国两次大范围冻雨过程对比分析

2024年2月1-4日(以下简称过程Ⅰ)及2月19-24日(以下简称过程Ⅱ),我国先后出现两次大范围雨雪冰冻过程,在这两次过程中冻雨影响范围广、持续时间长、灾害强度大,是我国有气象资料以来冻雨最为严重的一年。利用多源实况观测和ERA5再分析资料,对比分析了这两次冻雨过程发生的环境条件和温度层结特征。结果表明:(1)两次过程中500hPa环流形势和影响系统比较相似且均稳定维持,有利于大范围雨雪冰冻天气形势的持续,但低层温度配置和冷空气移动速度不同造成了冻雨落区存在差异。过程I由于冷空气移速较慢,造成冻雨分布较为集中。相较于过程I,过程Ⅱ初期西南急流强度更大、位置更北,导致冻雨初始发生位置偏北,但后期强冷空气迅速南下,造成冻雨落区移动速度更快,影响范围更大。(2)两次过程中,中层暖层主要位于700-850hPa之间,低层冷层则主要位于900hPa以下,较通常冻雨概念模型中700hPa暖层及850hPa冷层位置偏低,易导致预报员对天气类型的误判,同时过程ⅡI逆温层强度强于过程I。(3)采用面积元法分析了两次过程的中层暖层强度及低层冷层强度,结果表明过程I冷暖层强度弱于过程Ⅱ,与温度特征分析结果一致。同时两次过程冻雨主要发生在中层暖层强度与低层冷层强度接近的地区。

基于主成分自组织神经网络法的测井曲线分层技术

在砂岩型铀矿找矿工作中,提高测井岩性分层效率和精度至关重要。为提高砂岩型铀矿岩性分层效果,本文采用主成分分析法对多个测井曲线进行降维处理,将主成分分析法的第一主成分、第二主成分、第三主成分作为自组织神经网络的样本数据,进行自组织神经网络训练,将训练好的网络模型用于砂岩型铀矿岩性的自动化分层。实验结果显示:主成分自组织神经网络法岩性分层精度可达到85%以上,高于传统自组织神经网络算法78%的分层精度,具有更好的测井岩性分层效果。因此,主成分自组织神经网算法的岩性分层方法有效减少了输入样本的种类,简化了自组织神经网络结构,其自动化分层效果要优于传统的自组织神经网络算法。本文的研究结果表明,主成分自组织神经网算法在砂岩型铀矿领域岩性识别工作中具有较好的应用效果。

成都人民公园空间的层积分析及变迁动因研究

成都人民公园是中国重要的近现代城市公园遗产之一,是见证城市发展与公共需求变化的重要城市历史公园,具有不可忽视的城市历史景观遗产价值。采用历史层积分析对成都人民公园发展脉络进行梳理,将其空间历史变迁分为普通游园初创、传统公园转型、现代公园建设、现代公园完善和公园城市营造5个时期,整理各时期形态与功能变迁,探寻其变迁的内在动力。将公园的层积关系分为反复、重建、共存和成长4种主要模式,探索公园建设的层积变化:基于自然条件,综合历史事件、治园观念、文化活动和人群变化等因素,公园空间形态由封闭、单一和无序转向开放、多元和有序,承担职能从功能杂乱的小游园转化为集休闲、文化、健身和爱国教育为一体的综合性园林。分析成都人民公园空间的历史变迁动因与机制,能够为中国近现代城市公园遗产保护与发展补充实证,为当代城市公园文脉与底蕴的探寻提供参考。

基于置信规则库气象站故障检测专家系统

针对气象站故障检测的需求,研制了基于置信规则库的气象站故障检测专家系统。专家系统利用前期建立起来的气象站的气象数据库,根据当前实时气象数据,通过改进的置信规则库模型结合专家经验知识自动完成数据分析和处理、是否有故障判断并对故障程度进行等级划分。工作人员在进行现场故障检测之前,只需通过气象站传感器故障专家系统对异常传感器进行辅助诊断,确定故障等级后依据故障等级携带相应检修设备或需更换的零部件进入现场实施检查和维修。实验测试表明系统对各个设备的总体平均检测准确率从69.8%提高到85.7%,极大提升了检测的效率和准确性。

峡谷型水源水库蓄水过程水质变化特征及其影响要素

水源水库是城镇居民最主要的饮用水水源,新建水库选取引水水质一般较好,然而由于水库蓄水过程中水质受到降雨径流入库、水动力条件和分层结构变化的共同影响,库区水体水质仍可能呈恶化趋势.本研究重点探索水库蓄水过程中水质演变规律,解析水源水库污染特征.以固定频率取样检测的方法,跟踪监测陕西省汉中市三河口水库蓄水过程上游河道及库区水质,分析上游来水水质、库区水体分层结构及水动力条件等要素的改变对水库水质的影响.结果表明:①2021年6−7月三河口首次较大流量蓄水过程受来水温度影响,来流水体以底部潜流的形式进入库区,并在底部形成新的温度分层;双温跃层结构的形成导致在水体中部和底部各自形成厚度达15和10 m的厌氧水层.②9月初第二次特大流量径流入库彻底破坏水体热分层结构,水体在径流和气温的共同作用下实现完全混合.③水源水库蓄水过程水质受入库径流与水体分层结构共同影响:6−8月水库入库径流量小且污染负荷低,库区氮磷及有机物浓度有较小波动,而热分层结构阻碍了污染物的垂向传递,温跃层水体总氮浓度和高锰酸盐指数在垂向上呈较大值,分别为1.78和6.0 mg/L;8月至9月初入库径流量大且污染负荷较高,全库区氮磷及有机污染物浓度升高明显,总氮浓度由1.07 mg/L升至1.56 mg/L,总磷浓度由0.021 mg/L升至0.029 mg/L,高锰酸盐指数平均值由5.18 mg/L升至6.18 mg/L.水库蓄水过程中,上游径流入库是影响主库区水质的重要因素之一.

基于微形变分析的电容式MEMS加速度计温漂误差精密估计方法

针对传统的电容式微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanical system,MEMS)加速度计(capacitive MEMS accelerometers,CMA)温漂误差(temperature drift error,TDE)补偿方法存在非精准溯源TDE致使TDE估计精度低、反复尝试估计模型构型导致构建过程复杂繁琐的问题,提出基于微形变分析的CMA TDE精密补偿方法。首先,通过微形变分析内部结构精准溯源TDE,基于径向基函数神经网络(radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)构建改进型TDE精密估计模型;其次,基于专家经验和模糊理论提出Expert-Fuzzy辅助决策下TDE估计模型辨识方法,为改进模型提供有效的构型指导;然后,设计升温试验测试CMA,构建传统模型和改进模型并通过对比其输出偏置稳定性评估TDE估计性能。实验结果表明,改进模型构建过程大大简化,补偿后CMA偏置稳定性提升约35%。本方法能够更加精准地估计TDE,有效解耦硅基材料的温度依赖性并提升CMA的环境适应性。

基于患者报告结局的慢性阻塞性肺疾病潜在风险分层分析

目的:探讨基于患者报告结局的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的潜在风险分层。方法:采用便利抽样法在太原市13家医院抽取474例COPD患者进行问卷调查,以COPD患者报告结局调查问卷中的生理、心理和社会领域部分各维度得分作为外显变量,进行潜在剖面分析(LPA),识别COPD患者潜在风险分层。以生理、心理和社会领域的潜在风险为因变量,以经过单因素筛选的特征为自变量进行Logistic回归分析。结果:经LPA,生理领域有3种潜在风险,474例COPD患者中低特异性(SPE)低独立性(IND)高全身症状(GEN)占比40%,中SPE中IND中GEN占比43%,高SPE高IND低GEN占比17%;已戒烟、职业为工人的患者中SPE中IND中GEN的可能性大于低SPE低IND高GEN,OR(95%CI)为2.909(1.025~8.255)、1.968(1.119~3.460);心理领域支持2种潜在风险,474例中低心理素质占比53%,高心理素质占比47%;无COPD家族史患者心理素质更高,OR(95%CI)为1.871(1.117~3.135)。社会领域支持3种潜在风险,474例中低疾病认知(COG)高疾病对社会活动的影响(INF)高社会支持(SUP)占比44%,中COG中INF中SUP占比26%,高COG低INF低SUP占比30%;知识分子中COG中INF中SUP和高COG低INF低SUP的可能性更大,OR(95%CI)为2.816(1.084~7.316)和3.185(1.131~8.972);农民、工人、管理人员高COG低INF低SUP的可能性更大,OR(95%CI)为2.300(1.156~4.579)、4.092(2.058~8.136)、3.387(1.395~8.220)。结论:本研究分别在生理、心理、社会领域对COPD患者实现了风险分层,为疾病分级管理提供了新依据。

山东省日照市蓝色经济区工程建设适宜性评价

本文以山东省日照市蓝色经济区为研究区,通过野外地质调查和室内综合分析,选取场地稳定性、工程地质条件、地下水条件,地形排水条件、地质灾害及其他因素6个一级评价因子,构造活动、场地土类型、建筑场地类别等13个二级评价因子,利用专家-层次分析定权法进行区内工程建设适宜性评价,得到了相应工程建设评价分区图。评价结果表明,日照市场地工程建设适宜性总体较好,大部分地区适宜进行高层建筑工程建设,占84.50%;地下空间开发利用条件优越,全区多数地区属于城市地下空间建设适宜区,适宜性差及不适宜区主要分布在付疃河两岸附近和海岸附近、大型高速公路和铁路沿线一带区域及城区;轨道交通建设适宜性良好,小部分不适宜区主要集中在付疃河下游夹仓和小古镇一带及其沿海地区。评价结果可有效地服务于该地区规划布局、建设发展和工程选址,具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。

An innovative classification system for ranking the biological effects of marine aromatic hydrocarbons based on fish embryotoxicity

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is a global concern,particularly in coastal environments.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are regarded as the most toxic components of petroleum hydrocarbons.In this study,the biomonitoring and ranking effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs on the marine fish model Oryzias melastigma embryos were determined in the Jiulong River Estuary(JRE) and its adjacent waters in China.The results showed that the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons from almost all sites met the primary standard for marine seawater quality,and the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs in the surface seawater were lower compared with those in other coastal areas worldwide.A new fish expert system based on the embryotoxicity of O.melastigma(OME-FES) was developed and applied in the field to evaluate the biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The selected physiological index and molecular indicators in OME-FES were appropriate biomarkers for indicating the harmful effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The outcome of OME-FES revealed that the biological effect levels of the sampling sites ranged from level Ⅰ(no stress) to level Ⅲ(medium stress),which is further corroborated by the findings of nested analysis of variance(ANOVA) models.Our results suggest that the OME-FES is an effective tool for evaluating and ranking the biological effects of marine petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.This method may also be applied to evaluate other marine pollutants based on its framework.