Therapeutic Communication Methods Targeting Families and Family Members: A Literature Review

Background and Purpose: Therapeutic communication is a new term in family health care nursing, defined by Hohashi (2019) as a method of family intervention, and characterized by inclusion of not only verbal conversation but also nonverbal interaction. However, specific therapeutic communication methods have not been systematized. The purpose of this study was to clarify therapeutic communication methods for families/family members from the perspectives of verbal communication and non-verbal communication through a review of existing literature. Methods: We conducted a search using the medical literature databases PubMed and Ichushi-Web using the keywords “therapeutic communication”. Analysis was performed on seven articles from PubMed and 14 articles from Ichushi-Web that described therapeutic communication methods performed by healthcare professionals for families/family members. Through directed content analysis, therapeutic communication methods were subcategorized, and classified into three categories: verbal communication, non-verbal communication, and verbal/non-verbal communication. Results: A total of 23 subcategories were extracted. Verbal communication included 11 subcategories, such as “asking questions using the communicatee’s words as they are”. Non-verbal communication included five subcategories, such as “noticing changes in the content of the communicatee’s story”. And verbal/non-verbal communication featured seven subcategories, such as “making the communicatee aware of one’s own beliefs”. Conclusion: Therapeutic communication methods included basic care/caring in family interviews/meetings, as well as verbal communication and non-verbal communication that act on family/family members’ beliefs. It is believed that changes in family/family members’ beliefs can be used to eliminate, reduce, or improve problematic conditions in the family. .

Towards an Effective Communication in the Care of Patients with Long Term Disease in Kenya via Cybernetic—A Systematic Review

In this paper, to effectively treat chronic disorders and improve the standard of care, effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals was essential. The aim of the study was to review the literature on how good communication might improve treatment outcomes for Kenyan patients with chronic and terminal illnesses and to determine whether Cybernetic electronic communication can improve those outcomes even more. We uncovered the history of treatment outcomes for chronic and terminal diseases in this research study, both with and without communication at the core of the patient’s care plan. We discussed the importance of good communication in the treatment of patients with chronic and terminal illnesses and why it is a momentous endeavor comparable to medical diagnosis and treatment for the long-term health of patients. To locate pertinent material for the background literature study, we carried out a comprehensive literature search. Although the preliminary literature review was a continuation of the introduction research, it also highlighted the paucity of local Kenyan literature and suggested that improved communication might help patients with chronic and terminal illnesses have better treatment outcome. Methodology maintained the literature search, as a systematic literature review focused on core of the study, making separate sections of the same body necessary. This ensured that a methodological literature search section is as comprehensive as possible. We used an integrated PRISM model to limit a comprehensive literature search and a systematic literature review design as part of the overall process. Non-probability sampling and snowball approaches on literary papers over the previous 17 years were used in this arrangement. Since this was a multidisciplinary study, the four experts who also serve as authors were chosen from within their respective fields of expertise to design the study. They created search strategies, generated key words, looked up keywords in database engines, assessed the results of the literature using the PRISMA logical model, looked over successful literature, and triangulated their findings. The conclusions of the experts individually revealed a convergence of thoughts, beliefs, and practices across. The study concluded that even though there isn’t much research done in Kenya on the same subject;what is available illustrates how crucial good communication is for patients with chronic illnesses. The study’s findings also highlighted the positive effects of effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals on treatment plan adherence, patient satisfaction, and overall health outcomes. The results also noted that in order to improve patient care and outcome, Kenyan healthcare workers should underscore developing their communication skills. The study also found that the incorporation of cybernetics is crucial if a truly effective communication is required so as to enable centered care for patients with long-term diseases in Kenya. The goal of the Cybernetics is to activate genuinely effective communication in the care of Patients with long-term disease in Kenya. This study is organized to begin with an abstract, followed by keywords, an introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, discussion, and finally conclusions.

Expert Review on Usefulness of an Integrated Checklist-based Mobile Usability Evaluation Framework

Previous mobile usability studies are only pertinent in the context of ergonomics,physical user interface,and mo­bility aspects.In addition,much of the previous mobile usability conception was built on desktop computing measure­ments,such as desktop and web application checklists,or scarcely addressed the mobile user interface.Moreover,the studies focus mainly on interface features for desktop applications and do not reflect comprehensive mobile interface features such as navigation drawers and spinners.Therefore,conducting usability evaluation using conventional us­ability measurement would result in irrelevant results.In addition,the resulting works are tailored for usability testing,which requires highly skilled evaluators and usability specialists(e.g.,usability testers and user experience designers),who are rarely integrated into a development team.The lack of expertise could lead to unreliable usability evaluations.This paper presents a review from industrial experts on a comprehensive and feasible usability evaluation framework developed in our previous work.The framework is dedicated to smartphone apps,which integrate evaluator skills and design concerns.However,there is no evidence of its usefulness in practice.Therefore,the usefulness of the frame­work measurement for evaluating apps’usability in the eyes of non-usability specialists is empirically assessed in this paper through an expert review.The expert review involved eleven industrial developers and was complemented by a semi-structured interview.The method is replicated in comparison with a framework from another study.The findings show that the formulated framework significantly outperformed the framework(p=0.0286)from other studies with large effect sizes(r=1.81)in terms of usefulness.

Review Expert Collaborative Recommendation Algorithm Based on Topic Relationship

The project review information plays an important role in the recommendation of review experts. In this paper, we aim to determine review expert's rating by using the historical rating records and the final decision results on the previous projects, and by means of some rules, we construct a rating matrix for projects and experts. For the data sparseness problem of the rating matrix and the 'cold start' problem of new expert recommendation, we assume that those projects/experts with similar topics have similar feature vectors and propose a review expert collaborative recommendation algorithm based on topic relationship. Firstly, we obtain topics of projects/experts based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model, and build the topic relationship network of projects/experts. Then, through the topic relationship between projects/experts, we find a neighbor collection which shares the largest similarity with target project/expert, and integrate the collection into the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on matrix factorization. Finally, by learning the rating matrix to get feature vectors of the projects and experts, we can predict the ratings that a target project will give candidate review experts, and thus achieve the review expert recommendation. Experiments on real data set show that the proposed method could predict the review expert rating more effectively, and improve the recommendation effect of review experts. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Summary of Commercial Photography Skills in the Context of Visual Communication

This paper presents the summary of commercial photography skills in the context of the visual communication. Visual communication design is through the creation of visual images to convey the designer＇ s ideas, modernist design is to explore the new form of visual language as the starting point of the rise of the design movement, in the design history, the new visual communication design form is often based on the traditional art on the basis of rebellion, the designer through the continuous self-reflection, in the history of art and design inherited the history of rich works of nutrition under the premise of constantly beyond the predecessors, in order to achieve visual language innovation. In the creation of film and television advertising, composition, color and light of the three have a very important position, and these three are indispensable, therefore, the creator of the actual creation of film and television advertising when the skills will be strict claim. This paper proposes the novel paradigm for the issue which will promote the further development.

《科技伦理审查办法(试行)》的解读与实施思考

当今,国际国内科技创新活动均面临不同类别和不同程度的伦理风险,给人类社会带来诸多负面影响,甚至威胁个人生命和财产安全。为进一步规范科技伦理审查,强化风险防控,促进负责任创新,2023年9月,十部委联合发布了《科技伦理审查办法(试行)》。《科技伦理审查办法(试行)》要求诸多领域的科技创新活动实施伦理审查,伦理审查应更加切实可行,加强了对重大突发公共事件的应急管理,提出研究机构应建立风险评估方法,新增无单位人员可申请委托伦理审查,建立伦理委员会认证制度等。《科技伦理审查办法(试行)》亮点突出、特色鲜明,明确了科技创新活动的责任主体,强化了责任主体对伦理审查的职责和管理,推出了科技活动清单管理制度,开创了针对较大伦理风险挑战的专家复核模式。对《科技伦理审查办法(试行)》进行解读和实施思考,为落实《科技伦理审查办法(试行)》提供参考,以期推动科技伦理审查成为规范性力量,促进科技创新活动向上向善发展以造福人类。

基于科技项目评审专家异质性的共识测度方法

提出一种基于科技项目评审数据的专家共识测度方法。此方法针对专家异质性难以测度问题,首先通过历史评审数据确定专家评审偏好,其次利用专家发文量、h指数等指标计算专家权威度,而后利用专家研究方向与评审项目研究内容得到主题覆盖度,三者结合得到专家权重;针对共识度的测算,利用专家权重,通过互反矩阵共识决策模型计算共识方案,再通过排名偏差重叠计算专家方案与共识方案的相似度得到共识度。该专家共识测度方法既结合了专家历史信息和当下信息,又考虑了专家权威度、研究方向等极易导致共识度产生偏差的异质性指标。最后,通过比较分析验证了此方法的有效性与合理性。

我国全科医师在社区传染病防治工作中的现状及展望

传染病防控关系民生大计。全科医师作为基层医疗的主要承担者之一,在社区传染病防治工作中发挥着无可替代的作用。本研究在结合我国全科医师社区传染病防治工作现状的基础上,通过梳理国内外相关文献,就其在防治工作中的不足以及应发挥的作用展开探讨,认为应进一步完善传染病防控法律法规体系、落实分级诊疗制度、健全强大的防控体系信息平台,建立有效的激励和发展机制、加大基层医疗的财力和物力投入以及加强医学继续教育和定期演练,以增强我国全科医师的岗位吸引力和社区传染病综合防治能力。

自动化阴道分泌物分析系统复检规则的建立与验证专家共识

阴道分泌物显微镜检查(镜检)是妇产科检查的常规项目,随着检验技术自动化的发展,基于不同检测原理的自动化阴道分泌物分析仪器被开发应用,以满足临床大样本量、高效、标准化的需求。目前,湿片/革兰染色镜检仍然是诊断女性常见生殖道感染性疾病的金标准,是自动化仪器检测结果准确性评估的参考方法。当前的质量文件尚缺乏对体液范畴内阴道分泌物自动化检测复检规则的统一要求和细则指导,中国老年保健医学研究会检验医学分会和上海市优生优育科学协会(上海市妇幼保健协会)检验医学专委会基于中国国家标准、行业标准、质量体系要求和国内外相关指南、文献,在自动化阴道分泌物分析系统复检规则的建立、验证、规则应用等方面形成共识,共同制定《自动化阴道分泌物分析系统复检规则的建立与验证专家共识》,以期能更好地规范自动化阴道分泌物分析系统复检规则的建立,保证检验结果的准确性。

涉及脑机接口临床研究的多学科伦理审查专家共识

作为一项新兴的生物医学工程技术,脑机接口为脑疾病诊疗、神经康复、精神障碍与心理健康等医疗健康领域提供了突破性技术。脑机接口临床研究发展迅速,涉及脑科学、工程学、计算科学、人工智能等学科,面临诸多伦理挑战,亟待规范。伦理审查是有效应对风险,促进各类科研主体实现负责任创新的重要保障,基于目前已有脑机接口临床研究的伦理审查实践,北京大学第六医院与北京医学伦理学会合作,广泛征求专家意见,包括伦理学、神经病学、精神医学、康复医学、工程学、计算科学及信息科学等多学科专家,经过多轮专家研讨形成初稿,应用德尔菲专家咨询法修订完成,制定了“涉及脑机接口临床研究的多学科伦理审查专家共识”:在《脑机接口研究伦理指引》的指导下,对重大伦理风险防控等方面提出建议,厘清各方责任,从多维度为涉及脑机接口临床研究伦理审查的实质内容及程序提供参考。

老年慢性病病人电子健康素养干预的研究进展

阐述老年慢性病病人电子健康素养的概念与发展、评估工具以及基于理论的干预现状和干预策略这3个主要方面。旨在明确构建电子健康素养干预方案时可借鉴的相关理论模型和干预策略,为我国老年慢性病病人构建基于理论的干预方案提供有力的参考。

TL1A作为炎症性肠病治疗靶点的研究进展

肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员(TNF superfamily member,TNFSF)和肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族蛋白由多种分子组成,对免疫系统的发育和功能起着关键作用.TNFSF15基因编码的肿瘤坏死因子样配体1(tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1 aberrance,TL1A)是一种Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白,有可溶性或膜结合两种存在形式,通过结合其功能性受体-死亡受体3[(death receptor 3,DR3)或TNFFRSFf25]为下游信号通路提供刺激信号,调节效应细胞的增殖、激活、凋亡以及细胞因子、趋化因子的产生.TL1A/DR3细胞因子系统已成为黏膜免疫的重要模块,参与维持肠道稳态,促进慢性炎症反应的发生和发展,因此,在炎症性肠病的发生发展过程中也发挥重要作用.

城市轨道交通先张法预制U梁的科研管理要点浅谈

城市轨道交通建设中都有一定比例的科研经费,但所占工程投资比例较低,如何有效地利用科研资金是一个需要探讨的问题。城市轨道交通高架桥广泛采用预制U梁结构。近年来,先张法预制U梁作为一种新产品,需要对其力学性能、温度效应一系列技术问题进行研究。以某城市的轨道交通“先张法预制U梁综合力学性能研究”的科研为例,阐述了轨道交通工程中的科研与管理要点,科研立项、过程控制和成果评审与鉴定,为科研项目的有效管理提供借鉴。

粤港澳大湾区科技专家项目评审质量的后评价及评价信息共享机制研究

为提升项目评审管理水平、保障立项科学性,有必要对项目评审活动进行全面复盘,而针对科技专家项目评审质量的后评价是其中比较容易被忽视的一个关键环节。首先,建立基于专家基本素养、工作态度、专业水平3个评价维度的粤港澳大湾区科技专家项目评审质量后评价指标体系;其次,利用BP神经网络算法建立科技专家项目评审质量的后评价模型,并结合真实样本数据初步验证后评估模型精度;最后,借鉴区块链技术理念探索评价结果信息的共享机制,以打破科技专家项目评审质量后评价结果信息共享壁垒,为大湾区营造风清气正的科技创新环境提供一种可行路径。

基于计算机技术的公共资源交易数据挖掘与分析

文章旨在探讨基于计算机技术的公共资源交易数据挖掘与分析方法,依托招投标过程中专家评审的电子化优化来实现节约采购成本和提高交易效能的目标。文章以公共资源交易为背景,通过对大数据技术的应用,深入分析了在招投标过程中专家评审环节的数据,结合了计算机技术实现对交易数据的挖掘与分析,以期为公共资源交易体系的优化提供理论和实践支持。

Open Peer Review in Scientific Publishing: A Web Mining Study of Peer J Authors and Reviewers

Purpose: To understand how authors and reviewers are accepting and embracing Open Peer Review(OPR), one of the newest innovations in the Open Science movement.Design/methodology/approach: This research collected and analyzed data from the Open Access journal Peer J over its first three years(2013–2016). Web data were scraped, cleaned, and structured using several Web tools and programs. The structured data were imported into a relational database. Data analyses were conducted using analytical tools as well as programs developed by the researchers.Findings: Peer J, which supports optional OPR, has a broad international representation of authors and referees. Approximately 73.89% of articles provide full review histories. Of the articles with published review histories, 17.61% had identities of all reviewers and 52.57% had at least one signed reviewer. In total, 43.23% of all reviews were signed. The observed proportions of signed reviews have been relatively stable over the period since the Journal’s inception.Research limitations: This research is constrained by the availability of the peer review history data. Some peer reviews were not available when the authors opted out of publishing their review histories. The anonymity of reviewers made it impossible to give an accurate count of reviewers who contributed to the review process. Practical implications: These findings shed light on the current characteristics of OPR. Given the policy that authors are encouraged to make their articles’ review history public and referees are encouraged to sign their review reports, the three years of Peer J review data demonstrate that there is still some reluctance by authors to make their reviews public and by reviewers to identify themselves. Originality/value: This is the first study to closely examine Peer J as an example of an OPR model journal. As Open Science moves further towards open research, OPR is a final and critical component. Research in this area must identify the best policies and paths towards a transparent and open peer review process for scientific communication.

Sustaining Increase in Life Expectancy in Africa Requires Active Preventive Measures against Non-Communicable Diseases

It is projected that aged population (≥60 years) will continue to increase globally, including in Africa. This is due to reduced population growth, decreased fecundity and improved medical interventions;factors which increase life expectancy. While this is typical for developed countries, it is not the same for Africa and similar developing regions. In these regions, a significant proportion of death is due to non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) such as hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease and cancer, among others. Rising prevalence of NCD’s due mainly to western style diets and sedentary living is made worse by inadequate nutrition education, high prevalence of low birth weight, poor health services, lack of efficient tobacco control and deficient planning of built environment. In order to halt the possible reduction in life expectancy occasioned by NCD’s, efforts by the community, health planners and governments in Africa to address relevant NCD’s, must be put in place. Suggested measures are: nutrition education, regular community directed physical exercise, improved environmental planning and development. Others are review of present health service model, early detection, prevention and treatment of NCD’s, including improved antenatal care to reduce low birth weights, and establishment of policies and measures that decreased access to tobacco especially by women of childbearing age. Africa and similar developing regions cannot fund the health bill due to NCD’s and their complications;hence it is important that this scourge is attended to with all seriousness.

基于图像自动标注与改进YOLO v5的番茄病害识别系统

针对作物病害识别系统功能单一,缺乏系统升级机制,人工升级系统成本较大的问题,以番茄病害为例,提出了基于OpenCV的番茄叶片图像自动标注算法和改进YOLO v5的番茄病害识别模型;结合数据集自动划分、模型自动训练与评估、手机APP自动创建与更新理念,设计了一种可以自动升级的番茄病害识别系统;引入专家审查校正机制,提高了系统识别结果的可靠性。实验结果表明,该系统实现了对番茄的健康叶片与9类病害叶片进行识别,可以在实际应用中通过手机APP识别番茄病害的同时自动扩充番茄病害图像数据集,并根据数据扩充量自动启动系统的升级优化流程,由此不断提升该系统的番茄病害识别性能。该系统为番茄生产提供了一个便捷、可靠的番茄病害识别工具。

Evidence of Linkages between Patient Safety and Person-Centred Care in the Maternity and Obstetric Context—An Integrative Review

The aim was to evaluate the current state of knowledge pertaining to patient safety and its link to person-centred care. The international relevance of patient safety has expanded, as have the models of person-centred care. Inspired by this new trend, we collated and summarized the literature for evidence of the two topics. The study was guided by Russell, Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review framework. An electronic database search was conducted for relevant articles from 2005 to 2016. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The structure and process of the evaluation of the evidence are described and the findings interpreted by means of a thematic synthesis. One theme emerged: trustful, safe communication in the relationship between the patient, family members and healthcare professionals and two domains;safety culture and multidisciplinary capacity building. The dominant dimension in the safety culture domain is respectful communication, which implies sharing experiences that lead to a sense of control during labour and birth and is related to the women’s feeling of personal capacity. The dominant dimensions in the multidisciplinary capacity building domain are collaborative teamwork, coordination and risk management, knowledge sharing and patient-centred communication. In conclusion, to enhance patient safety, it is necessary to develop patient-focused, evidence-based skills and guidelines as well as a supportive organization. Due to their interaction with patients, midwives’ communication competence on the part of midwives is essential for supporting the birth and fulfilling the women’s needs and expectations.

委托代理理论视角下的科技人才评价思路及启示

激发科技人才活力,需要树立正确的评价导向,改进评价体系。在委托代理理论视角下,科技人才评价中存在国家(政府)—机构、机构—人才、机构—评议者等多重委托代理关系。科技人才评价需要以用人主体为核心,重视机构评价与人才评价导向的一致性、符合需求的科技人才评价指标体系以及同行评议的科学性和准确性等问题。建议遵循机构评价导向开展人才评价,促进资源配置与机构评价、人才评价相互协调,优化同行评议专家选择及评价机制,提升科技人才评价效果。