Explicit K-symplectic methods for nonseparable non-canonical Hamiltonian systems

We propose efficient numerical methods for nonseparable non-canonical Hamiltonian systems which are explicit,K-symplectic in the extended phase space with long time energy conservation properties. They are based on extending the original phase space to several copies of the phase space and imposing a mechanical restraint on the copies of the phase space. Explicit K-symplectic methods are constructed for two non-canonical Hamiltonian systems. Numerical tests show that the proposed methods exhibit good numerical performance in preserving the phase orbit and the energy of the system over long time, whereas higher order Runge–Kutta methods do not preserve these properties. Numerical tests also show that the K-symplectic methods exhibit better efficiency than that of the same order implicit symplectic, explicit and implicit symplectic methods for the original nonseparable non-canonical systems. On the other hand, the fourth order K-symplectic method is more efficient than the fourth order Yoshida’s method, the optimized partitioned Runge–Kutta and Runge–Kutta–Nystr ¨om explicit K-symplectic methods for the extended phase space Hamiltonians, but less efficient than the the optimized partitioned Runge–Kutta and Runge–Kutta–Nystr ¨om extended phase space symplectic-like methods with the midpoint permutation.

Euler’s First-Order Explicit Method–Peridynamic Differential Operator for Solving Population Balance Equations of the Crystallization Process

Using Euler’s first-order explicit(EE)method and the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO)to discretize the time and internal crystal-size derivatives,respectively,the Euler’s first-order explicit method–peridynamic differential operator(EE–PDDO)was obtained for solving the one-dimensional population balance equation in crystallization.Four different conditions during crystallization were studied:size-independent growth,sizedependent growth in a batch process,nucleation and size-independent growth,and nucleation and size-dependent growth in a continuous process.The high accuracy of the EE–PDDO method was confirmed by comparing it with the numerical results obtained using the second-order upwind and HR-van methods.The method is characterized by non-oscillation and high accuracy,especially in the discontinuous and sharp crystal size distribution.The stability of the EE–PDDO method,choice of weight function in the PDDO method,and optimal time step are also discussed.

OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOBODY PANEL STAMPING PROCESS BASED ON DYNAMIC EXPLICIT FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Taking CPU time cost and analysis accuracy into account, dynamic explicit finite ele- ment method is adopted to optimize the forming process of autobody panels that often have large sizes and complex geometry. In this paper, for the sake of illustrating in detail how dynamic explicit finite element method is applied to the numerical simulation of the autobody panel forming process,an example of optimization of stamping process pain meters of an inner door panel is presented. Using dynamic explicit finite element code Ls-DYNA3D, the inner door panel has been optimized by adapting pa- rameters such as the initial blank geometry and position, blank-holder forces and the location of drawbeads, and satisfied results are obtained.

A family of explicit algorithms for general pseudodynamic testing

A new family of explicit pseudodynamic algorithms is proposed for general pseudodynamic testing. One particular subfamily seems very promising for use in general pseudodynamic testing since the stability problem for a structure does not need to be considered. This is because this subfamily is unconditionally stable for any instantaneous stiffness softening system, linear elastic system and instantaneous stiffness hardening system that might occur in the pseudodynamic testing of a real structure. In addition, it also offers good accuracy when compared to a general second-order accurate method for both linear elastic and nonlinear systems.

An explicit finite volume element method for solving characteristic level set equation on triangular grids

Level set methods are widely used for predicting evolutions of complex free surface topologies,such as the crystal and crack growth,bubbles and droplets deformation,spilling and breaking waves,and two-phase flow phenomena.This paper presents a characteristic level set equation which is derived from the two-dimensional level set equation by using the characteristic-based scheme.An explicit finite volume element method is developed to discretize the equation on triangular grids.Several examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for calculating interface evolutions in time.The proposed level set method is also coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations for two-phase immiscible incompressible flow analysis with surface tension.The Rayleigh-Taylor instability problem is used to test and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Explicit concomitance of implicit method to solve vibration equation

It has been proven that the implicit method used to solve the vibration equation can be transformed into an explicit method,which is called the concomitant explicit method.The constant acceleration method's concomitant explicit method was used as an example and is described in detail in this paper.The relationship between the implicit method and explicit method is defined,which provides some guidance about how to create a new explicit method that has high precision and computational efficiency.

Optimized Runge-Kutta Methods with Automatic Step Size Control for Compressible Computational Fluid Dynamics

We develop error-control based time integration algorithms for compressible fluid dynam-ics(CFD)applications and show that they are efficient and robust in both the accuracy-limited and stability-limited regime.Focusing on discontinuous spectral element semidis-cretizations,we design new controllers for existing methods and for some new embedded Runge-Kutta pairs.We demonstrate the importance of choosing adequate controller parameters and provide a means to obtain these in practice.We compare a wide range of error-control-based methods,along with the common approach in which step size con-trol is based on the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)number.The optimized methods give improved performance and naturally adopt a step size close to the maximum stable CFL number at loose tolerances,while additionally providing control of the temporal error at tighter tolerances.The numerical examples include challenging industrial CFD applications.

An explicit finite element method for dynamic analysis in three-medium coupling system and its application

In this paper, an explicit finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses of three-medium coupled systems with any terrain is developed on the basis of the numerical simulation of the continuous conditions on the bounda-ries among fluid saturated porous medium, elastic single-phase medium and ideal fluid medium. This method is a very effective one with the characteristic of high calculating speed and small memory needed because the formulae for this explicit finite element method have the characteristic of decoupling, and which does not need to solve sys-tem of linear equations. The method is applied to analyze the dynamic response of a reservoir with considering the dynamic interactions among water, dam, sediment and basement rock. The vertical displacement at the top point of the dam is calculated and some conclusions are given.

Explicit Symplectic Methods for the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

By performing a particular spatial discretization to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation(NLSE),we obtain a non-integrable Hamiltonian system which can be decomposed into three integrable parts(L-L-N splitting).We integrate each part by calculating its phase flow,and develop explicit symplectic integrators of different orders for the original Hamiltonian by composing the phase flows.A 2nd-order reversible constructed symplectic scheme is employed to simulate solitons motion and invariants behavior of the NLSE.The simulation results are compared with a 3rd-order non-symplectic implicit Runge-Kutta method,and the convergence of the formal energy of this symplectic integrator is also verified.The numerical results indicate that the explicit symplectic scheme obtained via L-L-N splitting is an effective numerical tool for solving the NLSE.

Time domain method for calculating free field motion of a layered half-space subjected to obliquely incident body waves

In numerical simulation of wave scattering under oblique incident body waves using the finite element method, the free field motion at the incident lateral boundary induced by the background layered half-space complicates the computational area. In order to replace the complex frequency domain method, a time-domain method to calculate the free field motion of a layered half-space subjected to oblique incident body waves is developed in this paper. The new method decouples the equations of motion used in the finite element method and offers an interpolation formula of the free field motion. This formula is based on the fact that the apparent horizontal velocity of the free field motion is constant and can be calculated exactly. Both the theoretical analysis and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method offers a high degree of accuracy.

A Study of Two Dimensional Unsteady MHD Free Convection Flow over a Vertical Plate

In this paper, unsteady free convection heat transfer flow over a vertical plate in the presence of a magnetic field is discussed in detail. The dimensionless partial differential equations of continuity, momentum along energy are analyzed with suitable transformations. For numerical calculation, an implicit finite difference method is applied to solve a set of nonlinear dimensionless partial differential equations. Dimensionless velocity and temperature profile are also investigated due to the effects of assumed parameters in the concerned problem. An explicit finite difference technique is used to compute velocity and temperature profiles. The stability conditions are also examined.

Explicit Multi-Symplectic Splitting Methods for the Nonlinear Dirac Equation

In this paper,we propose two new explicit multi-symplectic splitting methods for the nonlinear Dirac(NLD)equation.Based on its multi-symplectic formulation,the NLD equation is split into one linear multi-symplectic system and one nonlinear infinite Hamiltonian system.Then multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method and multi-symplectic Preissmann scheme are employed to discretize the linear subproblem,respectively.And the nonlinear subsystem is solved by a symplectic scheme.Finally,a composition method is applied to obtain the final schemes for the NLD equation.We find that the two proposed schemes preserve the total symplecticity and can be solved explicitly.Numerical experiments are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Damage tolerance of fractured rails on continuous welded rail track for high-speed railways

Broken gap is an extremely dangerous state in the service of high-speed rails,and the violent wheel–rail impact forces will be intensified when a vehicle passes the gap at high speeds,which may cause a secondary fracture to rail and threaten the running safety of the vehicle.To recognize the damage tolerance of rail fracture length,the implicit–explicit sequential approach is adopted to simulate the wheel–rail high-frequency impact,which considers the factors such as the coupling effect between frictional contact and structural vibration,nonlinear material and real geometric profile.The results demonstrate that the plastic deformation and stress are distributed in crescent shape during the impact at the back rail end,increasing with the rail fracture length.The axle box acceleration in the frequency domain displays two characteristic modes with frequencies around 1,637 and 404 Hz.The limit of the rail fracture length is 60 mm for high-speed railway at a speed of 250 km/h.

Explicit High Order One-Step Methods for Decoupled Forward Backward Stochastic Differential Equations

By using the Feynman-Kac formula and combining with Itˆo-Taylor expansion and finite difference approximation,we first develop an explicit third order onestep method for solving decoupled forward backward stochastic differential equations.Then based on the third order one,an explicit fourth order method is further proposed.Several numerical tests are also presented to illustrate the stability and high order accuracy of the proposed methods.

A General Fractional Pollution Model for Lakes

A model for the amount of pollution in lakes connected with some rivers is introduced.In this model,it is supposed the density of pollution in a lake has memory.The model leads to a system of fractional differential equations.This system is transformed into a system of Volterra integral equations with memory kernels.The existence and regularity of the solutions are investigated.A high-order numerical method is introduced and analyzed and compared with an explicit method based on the regularity of the solution.Validation examples are supported,and some models are simulated and discussed.

Convergence and Stability of an Explicit Method for Autonomous Time-Changed Stochastic Differential Equations with Super-Linear Coefficients

In this paper,numerical methods for the time-changed stochastic differential equations of the form dY(t)=a(Y(t))dt+b(Y(t))dE(t)+s(Y(t))dB(E(t))are investigated,where all the coefficients a(·),b(·)and s(·)are allowed to contain some super-linearly growing terms.An explicit method is proposed by using the idea of truncating terms that grow too fast.Strong convergence in the finite time of the proposed method is proved and the convergence rate is obtained.The proposed method is also proved to be able to reproduce the asymptotic stability of the underlying equation in the almost sure sense.Simulations are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.

GRID-INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION OF MULTISTEP METHODS

A new polynomial formulation of variable step size linear multistep methods is pre- sented, where each k-step method is characterized by a fixed set of k - 1 or k parameters. This construction includes all methods of maximal order （p = k for stiff, and p = k ＋ 1 for nonstiff problems）. Supporting time step adaptivity by construction, the new formulation is not based on extending classical fixed step size methods; instead classical methods are obtained as fixed step size restrictions within a unified framework. The methods are imple- mented in MATLAB, with local error estimation and a wide range of step size controllers. This provides a platform for investigating and comparing different multistep method in realistic operational conditions. Computational experiments show that the new multi- step method construction and implementation compares favorably to existing software, although variable order has not yet been included.

An efficient approach for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations

An efficient approach is proposed for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations.The concentrated plastic hinges,described by the Bouc-Wen model,are assumed to occur at the two ends of a linear-elastic beam element.The auxiliary differential equations governing the plastic rotational displacements and their corresponding hysteretic displacements are replaced with linearized differential equations.Then,the two sets of equations of motion for the original nonlinear system can be reduced to an expanded-order equivalent linearized equation of motion for equivalent linear systems.To solve the equation of motion for equivalent linear systems,the nonstationary random vibration analysis is carried out based on the explicit time-domain method with high efficiency.Finally,the proposed treatment method for initial values of equivalent parameters is investigated in conjunction with parallel computing technology,which provides a new way of obtaining the equivalent linear systems at different time instants.Based on the explicit time-domain method,the key responses of interest of the converged equivalent linear system can be calculated through dimension reduction analysis with high efficiency.Numerical examples indicate that the proposed approach has high computational efficiency,and shows good applicability to weak nonlinear and medium-intensity nonlinear systems.

Symmetric-Adjoint and Symplectic-Adjoint Runge-Kutta Methods and Their Applications

Symmetric and symplectic methods are classical notions in the theory of numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations.They can generate numerical flows that respectively preserve the symmetry and symplecticity of the continuous flows in the phase space.This article is mainly concerned with the symmetric-adjoint and symplectic-adjoint Runge-Kutta methods as well as their applications.It is a continuation and an extension of the study in[14],where the authors introduced the notion of symplectic-adjoint method of a Runge-Kutta method and provided a simple way to construct symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta methods via the symplectic-adjoint method.In this paper,we provide a more comprehensive and systematic study on the properties of the symmetric-adjoint and symplecticadjoint Runge-Kutta methods.These properties reveal some intrinsic connections among some classical Runge-Kutta methods.Moreover,those properties can be used to significantly simplify the order conditions and hence can be applied to the construction of high-order Runge-Kutta methods.As a specific and illustrating application,we construct a novel class of explicit Runge-Kutta methods of stage 6 and order 5.Finally,with the help of symplectic-adjoint method,we thereby obtain a new simple proof of the nonexistence of explicit Runge-Kutta method with stage 5 and order 5.

Single Alternating Group Explicit (SAGE) Method for Electrochemical Finite Difference Digital Simulation

The four different schemes of Group Explicit Method (GEM): GER, GEL, SAGE andDAGE have been claimed to be unstable when employed for electrochemical digital simulations withlarge model diffusion coefficient D_M. However, in this investigation, in spite of the conditionalstability of GER and GEL, the SAGE scheme, which is a combination of GEL and GER, was found to beunconditionally stable when used for simulations of electrochemical reaction-diffusions and had aperformance comparable with or even better than the Fast Quasi Explicit Finite Difference Method(FQEFD) in some aspects. Corresponding differential equations of SAGE scheme for digital simulationsof various electrochemical mechanisms with both uniform and exponentially expanded space units wereestablished. The effectiveness of the SAGE method was further demonstrated by the simulations of anEC and a catalytic mechanism with very large homogeneous rate constants.